Dysplasia Research Articles

Ampyrone linked 1,2,3-triazole based chemosensor for selective detection of Fe(II and III) ions

A novel chemosensor based on ampyrone linked 1,2,3-triazole hybrid was synthesized successfully via CuAAC reaction for metal ion detection. The probe was evaluated against various metal ions, displaying significant hyperchromic shifts at 319 and 277 nm on addition of Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions, Wherein, Fe(III) ions were found to deliver pronounced effect which is almost twice as compared to Fe(II) ions. The detection limits were 0.11 mM for Fe(II) and 0.08 mM for Fe(III). Job’s plot confirmed a 1:1 complex formation between the probe and metal ions. Also, present probe demonstrated considerable in-vitro antifungal properties as compared to fluconazole for C. albicans and A. niger. The DFT validated probe-metal interactions and molecular docking demonstrated its potential as an inhibitor for DNA gyrase and sterol 14α-demethylase enzymes. Present chemosensor may find application in environmental monitoring, analytical chemistry, and biomedical research.

Co-existent MDS and lymphoma in a young pregnant woman: A case report and literature review

Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) represent a diverse group of clonal myeloid disorders marked by ineffective hematopoiesis, leading to cytopenias and dysplastic hematopoietic cells. Rarely, MDS may coexist with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL), often emerging as a secondary complication post-lymphoma treatment. However, concurrent diagnosis of MDS and lymphoma prior to any chemotherapy or radiotherapy exposure is uncommon. This article discusses a rare case of co-existent MDS and T-cell lymphoma in a young pregnant woman, along with a literature review. Clinical findings, laboratory results, and bone marrow aspiration indicated the presence of both MDS and NHL, with subsequent lymph node biopsy confirming T-cell lymphoma. Literature reveals multiple hypotheses for the coexistence of MDS and lymphomas, including common pathogenic pathways, overlapping genetic mutations, or shared immunological abnormalities. Mutations like TP53, ASXL1, DNMT3A, and RUNX1 are frequently implicated in both MDS and lymphoma and suggest a potential common origin for these diseases. Prognosis remains poor for patients with concurrent MDS and NHL due to limited therapeutic options. Treatment is complex and must consider patient age, comorbidities, and MDS and lymphoma subtypes. Advances in genetic analysis provide insights into the shared etiology of these diseases, potentially aiding in future therapeutic approaches. This case underscores the clinical and therapeutic challenges presented by concurrent MDS and lymphoma and highlights the need for specific management strategies.

New Insights into pH-dependent Complex Formation between Lignosulfonates and Anthocyanins: Impact on Color and Oxidative Stability.

Anthocyanins have limited application as natural colorants and antioxidants due to their color loss and instability under certain conditions. This research explores the formation of a complex between lignosulfonates (LS) and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) using a multitechnique approach as well as the effect on C3G's red color, oxidative stability, and antioxidant activity in acidic mediums. All data revealed pH-dependent LS-C3G interactions. The thermodynamic parameters showed weak noncovalent interactions, mainly electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic effect, with a higher association constant determined at pH 3. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Zeta-potential experiments further corroborate evidence of these LS-C3G interactions. Fluorescence quenching and lifetime experiments revealed static and dynamic quenching at pH 1 and 3, respectively. UV-visible spectroscopy demonstrated a bathochromic shift upon complex formation and a hyperchromic effect at pH 3 and 4, as a consequence of the improved red color of C3G. Electrochemical results suggested that at pH 3 the LS enhances C3G stability by protecting its oxidizable moieties over time, as well as improving the antioxidant activity of the anthocyanin in the complex.

Evaluation of Feulgen Reaction for Quantitative DNA Analysis in Oral Leukoplakia: Insights into Malignant Transformation Risk

ABSTRACT Background: Oral leukoplakia is a potentially malignant disorder with a significant risk of transformation into oral squamous cell carcinoma. The Feulgen reaction, a DNA-specific staining technique, has been widely used for the quantitative analysis of DNA content in various tissues. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients diagnosed with oral leukoplakia were selected for the study. Biopsy samples were obtained from the lesions, and the Feulgen reaction was performed to stain the DNA. Quantitative DNA analysis was conducted using image cytometry, measuring the integrated optical density (IOD) of Feulgen-stained nuclei. The samples were categorized based on their DNA content into diploid, aneuploid, and tetraploid groups. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the correlation between DNA content and the histopathological grading of the lesions. Results: Out of the 50 samples, 30% (n = 15) exhibited diploid DNA content, 50% (n = 25) were aneuploid, and 20% (n = 10) were tetraploid. A significant correlation was found between aneuploid DNA content and higher grades of dysplasia (P < 0.05). The mean IOD values for diploid, aneuploid, and tetraploid samples were 1.2, 2.8, and 3.5, respectively. Patients with aneuploid DNA content demonstrated a higher risk of malignant transformation compared to those with diploid DNA content. Conclusion: The Feulgen reaction, combined with quantitative DNA analysis, is a valuable tool in assessing the malignant transformation risk in oral leukoplakia. The presence of aneuploidy in these lesions is significantly associated with higher dysplastic changes and an increased risk of progression to oral cancer. Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to validate these findings and to establish the Feulgen reaction as a standard predictive marker in clinical practice.

Acute myeloid leukemia with peripheral lymph node involvement in dogs: A retrospective study of 23 cases.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) can infiltrate extramedullary tissues, such as the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes and can be difficult to differentiate from lymphoma in cytologic and histologic specimens. Our goal was to identify cytologic features that would support a diagnosis of AML in peripheral lymph node aspirates, for which we used the term extramedullary AML (eAML). Medical records of 23 dogs with a diagnosis of AML and archived lymph node aspirate smears from 2016 to 2024 were reviewed across 4 institutions. Inclusion criteria included ≥50% myeloid blasts plus differentiating myeloid cells in lymph node smears, confirmation of myeloid lineage by flow cytometric analysis, and complete medical records. Peripheral lymphadenopathy was the reason for presentation (9/23, 39%) or was found incidentally on physical examination (14/23, 61%). Most dogs were bi- or pancytopenic (18/23, 78%), with blasts identified in blood smears of 18 dogs (78%). Initial lymph node aspirate interpretations included hematopoietic neoplasia (8/21, 38%), AML (6/21, 29%), lymphoma (5/21, 24%), lymphoid hyperplasia (1/21, 5%), and granulocytic precursor infiltrates (1/21, 5%). On lymph node smear review, cytologic features supporting an eAML were differentiating granulocytes, blasts with myeloid features or promonocytes, dysplastic changes in myeloid cells, and retention of residual lymphocytes. The median survival was 22 days (range = 1-360 days), and 69% of 16 dogs given chemotherapy or glucocorticoids lived for 30 days or more. Our study highlights the importance of hemogram results and lymph node aspirate smear examination for morphologic features of myeloid differentiation to help diagnose eAML in lymph node smears.

Solitary Peutz-Jeghers polyp harboring a focus of high-grade dysplasia in the colon: a case report and literature review.

A solitary Peutz-Jeghers (PJ) polyp is a rare hamartomatous lesion without an associated PJ syndrome. However, little is known regarding malignancy arising in solitary PJ polyps. Here, we report a case of a solitary colonic PJ polyp with focal dysplasia. A 45-year-old asymptomatic man underwent total colonoscopy following a positive fecal occult blood test. The patient had no history of mucocutaneous pigmentation or family history of PJ syndrome. A 20mm erythematous pedunculated polyp was observed in the sigmoid colon. Magnified endoscopy revealed a tubular or branch-like pit pattern with localized areas of irregular pits. These findings were suggestive of colorectal adenoma with high-grade dysplasia, and endoscopic mucosal resection was performed. Histopathological examination revealed arborizing proliferation of hyperplastic epithelia with smooth muscle bundles. In addition, a small number of irregular crypts with high-grade dysplasia were observed in the hyperplastic epithelium. Based on these histological findings, we finally diagnosed the patient with a solitary colonic PJ polyp with high-grade dysplasia. The present case suggests that solitary colonic PJ polyps may harbor dysplastic changes and require pathological evaluation with en bloc resection of the polyps.

Evaluation of mixed micellization behavior of imipramine hydrochloride drug and an ionic liquid mixture using different techniques: Effect of urea solutions

Micellization and interfacial behaviors of an ionic liquid 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (HMICL-16) mixed with a drug imipramine hydrochloride (IMH) were investigated in aqueous and aquo-urea (250 and 500 mmol kg−1) solutions using tensiometry as a probe. The drastic decline in the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the mixed system confirms strong interaction supported by the energetic parameters in the mixed micelle and mixed surface in aqueous and aquo-urea media. Density Functional Theory (DFT) has been employed for the optimization of the geometrical structures of the ionic liquid and the drug moieties as well as of their coordinated structures to quantify the interactions in the mixed system through the Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO) approach. Urea remarkably influences hydrogen bonding conformation of the hydrophobic region by changing the dielectric constant of water. As compared to aqueous system, non-ideality in IMH + HMICL-16 in aquo-urea solvent (250 mmol kg−1) was found to be reduced and the extent of nonideality further decreases with increase in [urea] to 500 mmol kg−1. Using surface tension method different physio-chemical parameters (interaction parameter, composition of components, activity coefficient, thermodynamic parameters, etc.) have been determined and interpreted. Both micellization and adsorption of IHM are found to be spontaneous in all the media investigated as indicated by the negative values of the free energies of micellization (−17.82, −17.66, and −17.57 kJ mol−1 respectively in water, 250 mmol kg−1 urea, and 500 mmol kg−1 urea), and the free energies of adsorption (−40.06, −39.30, and −32.92 kJ mol−1 respectively in these media). The addition of HMICL-16 to IMH causes an increased spontaneity of both the micellization and adsorption processes. FTIR and UV–visible spectral techniques were employed to assess the interactions amongst IMH and HMICL-16. UV–visible study of IMH shows maximum absorption at a wavelength of 249 nm due to a π-π∗ transition which underwent a hyperchromic shift upon interaction with HMICL-16. A quantitative estimation based on the Benesi-Hildebrand equation demonstrates negative values of free energy (ΔG) confirming the formation of energetically favorable complex in the investigated systems.

Novel Core Gene Signature Associated with Inflammation-to-Metaplasia Transition in Influenza A Virus-Infected Lungs.

Respiratory infections caused by RNA viruses are a major contributor to respiratory disease due to their ability to cause annual epidemics with profound public health implications. Influenza A virus (IAV) infection can affect a variety of host signaling pathways that initiate tissue regeneration with hyperplastic and/or dysplastic changes in the lungs. Although these changes are involved in lung recovery after IAV infection, in some cases, they can lead to serious respiratory failure. Despite being ubiquitously observed, there are limited data on the regulation of long-term recovery from IAV infection leading to normal or dysplastic repair represented by inflammation-to-metaplasia transition in mice or humans. To address this knowledge gap, we used integrative bioinformatics analysis with further verification in vivo to elucidate the dynamic molecular changes in IAV-infected murine lung tissue and identified the core genes (Birc5, Cdca3, Plk1, Tpx2, Prc1. Rrm2, Nusap1, Spag5, Top2a, Mcm5) and transcription factors (E2F1, E2F4, NF-YA, NF-YB, NF-YC) involved in persistent lung injury and regeneration processes, which may serve as gene signatures reflecting the long-term effects of IAV proliferation on the lung. Further analysis of the identified core genes revealed their involvement not only in IAV infection but also in COVID-19 and lung neoplasm development, suggesting their potential role as biomarkers of severe lung disease and its complications represented by abnormal epithelial proliferation and oncotransformation.

Enhancement of colour density and anthocyanin stability in pomegranate juice against 5-hydroxymethylfurfural at different concentrations by amino acid copigmentation during storage

This study investigated the effect of amino acid [aspartic acid (Asp), phenylalanine (Phe) and valine (Val)] copigmentation on pomegranate juice (PJ) anthocyanins in the presence of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) at different concentrations (2.3–15.2 mg/L) during storage at 20°C. A decrease in stabilities of anthocyanin and colour density (CD) was observed at 5.2–8.2 mg HMF/L. However, 15.2 mg HMF/L prevented the decrease in anthocyanin stability. In this sample, copigmentation occurred when ratios of "cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside to HMF" and "cyanidin-3-glucoside to HMF" were 1.82–2.67 and 1.91–2.85, respectively. The highest reduction in HMF content resulted from addition of Val. As number of –CH3 groups in an amino acid increased, HMF reducing effect of amino acid increased. In PJ containing 8.2 mg HMF/L, Val provided the highest stabilities for individual anthocyanins, CD and hyperchromic effect (HE). Asp increased the stability of CD and HE in PJ containing 5.2 mg HMF/L, while Phe increased the stability of CD at a concentration of 15.2 mg HMF/L. Depending on the amount of HMF, the effect of adding amino acids to PJ to improve colour stability and reduce HMF content varies. Therefore, after determining the initial HMF content of PJ, the amino acid to be added to PJ should be decided.

Spatial Transcriptomics of IPMN Reveals Divergent Indolent and Malignant Lineages.

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) occur in 5-10% of the population, but only a small minority progress to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The lack of accurate predictors of high-risk disease leads both to unnecessary operations for indolent neoplasms as well as missed diagnoses of PDAC. Digital spatial RNA profiling (DSP-RNA) provides an opportunity to define and associate transcriptomic states with cancer risk. Whole-transcriptome DSP-RNA profiling was performed on 10 IPMN specimens encompassing the spectrum of dysplastic changes from normal duct to cancer. Ductal epithelial regions within each tissue were annotated as normal duct (NL), low-grade dysplasia (LGD), high-grade dysplasia (HGD), or invasive carcinoma (INV). Gene expression count data was generated by Illumina sequencing and analyzed with R/Bioconductor. Dimension reduction analysis exposed three clusters reflecting IPMN transcriptomic states denoted "normal-like" ( cNL ), "low-risk" ( cLR ) and "high-risk" ( cHR ). In addition to specific marker genes, the three states exhibited significant enrichment for the exocrine, classical, and basal-like programs in PDAC. Specifically, exocrine function diminished in cHR , classical activation distinguished neoplasia from cNL , and basal-like genes were specifically upregulated in cHR . Intriguingly, markers of cHR were detected in NL and LGD regions from specimens with PDAC but not low-grade IPMN. DSP-RNA of IPMN revealed low-risk (indolent) and high-risk (malignant) expression programs that correlated with the activity of exocrine and basal-like PDAC signatures, respectively, and distinguished pathologically low-grade from malignant specimens. These findings contextualize IPMN pathogenesis and have the potential to transform existing risk stratification models. Current consensus guidelines for management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) of the pancreas utilize clinical and radiographic criteria for risk stratification. Unfortunately, the estimated positive predictive value of these criteria for IPMN-associated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is under 50%, indicating that over half of pancreatectomies are performed for benign disease. Moreover, nearly 15% of patients who were deemed "low risk" by the same criteria harbored PDAC. Surgical resection of IPMN has maximal benefit when performed prior to the development of PDAC, as evidence of carcinoma has been associated with a high rate of recurrence and poor overall survival. Thus, the development of molecular diagnostics that improve the accuracy of IPMN risk classification would have immediate relevance for patient care, both in terms of better selecting patients for potentially curative operations, as well as sparing patients with low-risk lesions from invasive procedures.

QUERCETIN AS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC AGENT IN HYPERTENSION COMPLICATED BY CONNECTIVE TISSUE DYSPLASIA

This article summarizes data on the effect of quercetin during the treatment of arterial hypertension, complicated by connective tissue dysplasia. Currently, numerous studies are being conducted to study the role of various genes in the development of arterial hypertension. One of the risk factors for hypertension, which remains insufficiently studied, is collagen pathology - undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UND). The presence of connective tissue in all organs and systems, its common origin with mesenchyme, smooth muscle, blood, and lymph leads to dysplastic changes in any organ and system. Among the many metabolic agents in the treatment of hypertension in combination with DST, the bioflavonoid quercetin, which has a pronounced antioxidant effect, deserves the most attention. The use of water-soluble quercetin in the complex therapy of patients with hypertension in combination with DST reduces the frequency of recurrence of hypertensive crises in the post-hospital period, reduces the number of complications, leads to a decrease in blood stabilization, pressure, additional hypotensive effect.

Analysing the gene expression profiles of the orphan nuclear receptors NR4A1, NR4A2 and NR4A3 in premalignant lesions of the cervix and cervicitis

ObjectiveThe main objective of the present study was to evaluate the expression of nuclear orphan receptors in the development of Uterine Cervical Cancer (UCC). The principal cause of dysplastic changes in cervical epithelium is the presence of the human papilloma virus leading to the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I (CIN I), high-grade lesions (CIN II and CIN III) and, finally, invasive cancer. Despite the existence of various treatments and vaccines, there is still a high mortality rate. There is evidence of the participation of a group of nuclear receptors called orphans in the development of various diseases, including cancer. Study designThe expression levels of the orphan receptors NR4A1, NR4A2, and NR4A3 were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in samples obtained through colposcopy from forty-five patients who attended the Medical Oncology Specialties Unit (UNEME) in Mexicali, B.C. ResultsForty-five cervical biopsy results were obtained, indicating cervicitis, CIN I, or CIN III, none of them CIN II. Our results showed that orphan receptors expressed in a specific manner depending on the degree of premalignant lesions. NR4A1 overexpressed in cervicitis (p < 0.05). NR4A3 was significantly expressed in CIN I (p < 0.05) and NR4A2 was expressed in both cervicitis and CIN III (p > 0.05). ConclusionOur data suggest, for the first time, that nuclear receptors might be involved in the various stages that precede the development of invasive UCC.

Investigating Flavonoids by HPTLC Analysis Using Aluminium Chloride as Derivatization Reagent.

This is the first study to report on high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) generated spectrophotometric data to systematically capture flavonoid compounds using optimized derivatization with either AlCl3 or NaNO2-AlCl3-NaOH as visualisation reagents. While the traditional AlCl3 colorimetric method using UV-Vis analysis provides valuable insights into the presence of flavonoids and allows derivation of the total flavonoid content (TFC) of a sample, HPTLC fingerprints obtained after spraying with AlCl3 or NaNO2-AlCl3-NaOH enable the visualization of the various flavonoids present in a sample based on their respective absorption shifts, thus complementing the traditional TFC assay. In this study, 40 different flavonoids representing different classes (flavonols, flavanolols, flavan-3-ol, flavones, flavanones, and isoflavonoids) were analysed. Upon derivatization with AlCl3 most of the investigated flavonoids recorded bathochromic shifts, yielding characteristic λmax values between 370 and 420 nm, while spraying with NaNO2-AlCl3-NaOH triggered hyperchromic shifts, and thus an increase in absorbance intensity in flavonoids with particular substitution patterns. A few non-flavonoid components with structural similarities to flavonoids (e.g., rosmarinic acid, gallic acid, aspirin, salicylic acid) served as the negative control in this study to determine whether the derivatization reagents allowed exclusive detection of flavonoids. The method was then applied to the analysis of flavonoid containing supplements as well as red clover honey to demonstrate the method's application in the analysis of natural products.

Positional isomers and non-covalent interactions of acrylonitrile-methylpyridinium iodide salts: Combined experimental and quantum chemical calculations investigations

Quaternary salts d-π-A+X- having a large π-conjugated system (I) 2-((Z)-1-cyano-2-[4-(dimethylaminophenyl]ethenyl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium iodide, (II) 3-((Z)-1-cyano-2-[4-(dimethylaminophenyl]ethenyl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium iodide, and (III) 4-((Z)-1-cyano-2 iodide -[4-(dimethylaminophenyl]ethenyl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium iodide, were synthesized straightforwardly and easily and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR, UV–Vis, 1HNMR spectroscopy, DSC, and TGA. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to obtain electronic structure by using DFT. The salts I-III exhibited a hyperchromic shift and a strong bathochromic effect of 100 nm compared to the precursors, which indicates charge transfer (CT) due to ionic interactions. The Hirshfeld, MEPS, QTAIM, and NCI-RDG analyses showed that the -CN group and the counterion I(-) atom play major roles in the intermolecular interaction for crystal packing. The significance of non-covalent interactions for the stability of the molecules in their solid state is also revealed by natural bond orbital analysis.

Insights into the Binding of Metadoxine with Bovine Serum Albumin: A Multi-Spectroscopic Investigation Combined with Molecular Docking.

Metadoxine, also known as pyruvate dehydrogenase activator, is a small molecule drug that has been used in the treatment of various medical conditions. Bovine serum albumin is a commonly studied protein that serves as a plasmatic for understanding protein-drug interactions due to its abundance. This research suggests that metadoxine can bind to bovine serum albumin with moderate affinity, leading to an alteration in the secondary structure of the protein, which may also influence the protein's stability and function, which could provide a comprehensive understanding of the interaction at a molecular level. In this study, a variety of methodologies wereused to determine various thermodynamic parameters. The study uses UV-visible, Fluorescence, Fourier-transform infrared, Circular dichroism spectroscopy, and Molecular docking to analyze the interaction between bovine serum albumin and metadoxine, providing thermodynamic parameters for understanding the protein structure and its binding. The binding of metadoxine with bovine serum albumin, causes a hyperchromic shift. In fluorescence spectroscopy, the value of the Stern Volmer increases constantly with an increase in temperature, suggesting a stronger interaction between the Metadoxine and the Bovine serum albumin, leading to dynamic quenching. Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared and circular dichroism indicated a reduction in the secondary structure of Bovine serum albumin. The interactions between metadoxine and bovine serum albumin, cause hyperchromic shift revealed by UV-visible spectroscopy, whereas in Fluorescence spectroscopy, the value of the Stern Volmer constant increases with an increase in temperature, suggesting a stronger interaction between the MD and the BSA, leading to dynamic quenching. Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared and circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated a reduction in the secondary structure of the protein, as evidenced by the shifting of the amide II band and leading to a slight decrease in the αhelix content. The molecular docking shows that metadoxine was docked in the subdomain IIA binding pocket of BSA.

Secondary haematological dysplasia after CAR-T-cell therapy foracute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children.

The use of CAR-T is becoming more widespread in the treatment of haematological malignancies. In adults, secondary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) after CAR-T have been described. However, there are currently no data on the risk of MDS following CAR-T in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). We studied all children treated with CAR-T cells at Hospital Sant Joan de Déu in Barcelona and those with persistent cytopenias were evaluated at the cytological, cytogenetic, and molecular levels to look for MDS. A total of 106 patients received CAR-T for ALL. Among 40 patients without early relapse or subsequent therapy after CAR-T, four fulfilled the WHO criteria for myelodysplasia. These four patients had received a haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) prior to CAR-T and presented cytopenias with severe dysplastic changes in bone marrow after CAR-T. One patient had clonal MDS with high-risk cytogenetics arising from the host cells requiring a HSCT. Three patients had non-progressive dysplasia arising from the donor cells. Two are alive in complete remission with stable cytopenias and one succumbed to ALL relapse. This is the first description of post-CAR-T MDS and haematological dysplasia in children and highlights the need to monitor children with persistent post-CAR-T cytopenias.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Toluidine Blue Electrospun in Detecting Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders.

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) with epithelial dysplasia can progress to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Toluidine blue (TB) has been used in oral screening with various methods. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of TB-containing electrospun fibers in detecting OPMDs with epithelial dysplasia compared to histopathology. The concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and TB were optimized for fiber diameter and puncture strength using the design of experiments method with a central composite design. These optimized fibers were tested on 36 suspected OPMD lesions in 30 patients, followed by a biopsy for histopathological examination. The quadratic and two-factor interaction models described the relationship between TB and PVP concentrations and fiber characteristics. The TB-containing electrospun fibers had 77.3% sensitivity and 35.7% specificity in detecting OPMDs with epithelial dysplasia. The TB-containing electrospun fibers offer advantages such as easy application, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced sensitivity in identifying OPMDs with epithelial dysplasia. However, their diagnostic accuracy is insufficient as a standalone diagnostic method, and they should be considered an adjunctive tool for detecting dysplastic changes in the oral epithelium. Thailand Clinical Trials Registry: TCTR20240429002.

A rare case of PDGFRA-positive chronic eosinophilic leukemia.

Chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL) is a clonal proliferation of eosinophilic precursors resulting in a persistently elevated number of eosinophils in blood, bone marrow, and peripheral tissues. The vaguely overlapping clinicopathological picture of CEL with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (IHES) often adds to the diagnostic dilemma. Here, we report a rare case of 49-year-old male who presented with multiorgan damage. Peripheral blood smear revealed predominantly eosinophils with dysplastic changes, shift to left in eosinophilic series, and 2% blasts. The bone marrow showed 5% blasts and many eosinophils, precursors of eosinophils, and myeloid and megakaryocytic proliferation. Till date, CEL is a very rare entity. Its presentation with cardiac and neurological manifestations is still rare.

The characteristics of sinonasal inverted papilloma and recurrence factors: An analysis of 207 cases

AbstractObjectivesSinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is a rare and benign tumor that affects the nose and sinuses. This tumor has a recurring nature and can be associated with malignancy or transform into a malignant lesion. Various factors have been proposed as potential recurrent and malignancy risk factors in sinonasal IP. This study examines some of these factors and the relationship between tumor location and recurrence and malignancy.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with IP for 10 years or more, assessing the patients’ demographic statistics and intraoperative observations. Additionally, CT scan results of the patients were investigated.ResultsFinally, 207 patients with an average age of (52.0 ± 13.8) years were included in the study. A hundred and fifty‐five (74.9%) of patients were male and the most substance abuse was tobacco (72, 34.8%). Fifty‐five (26.6%) patients had a recurrence and 21 (10.2%) patients showed malignancy or dysplastic changes. The most common site of the tumor was the maxillary sinus (131, 63.3%).ConclusionsLong‐term follow‐up of IP patients is necessary due to the risk of recurrence and malignancy. The probability of recurrence was higher in cases where the tumor involved the frontal sinus or multisite attachment. Therefore, for accurate diagnosis of this tumor and complete resection of the lesion, especially in cases where achieving a free margin may be challenging, the intraoperative frozen section seems necessary.

Viral infection induces inflammatory signals that coordinate YAP regulation of dysplastic cells in lung alveoli.

Severe viral pneumonia can induce rapid expansion of KRT5+ basal-like cells in small airways and alveoli; this forms a scar-like structure that persists in the injured alveoli and impedes normal alveolar epithelium regeneration. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which viral infection induced this remodeling response. Through comparing different lung-injury models, we demonstrated that infection induced strong IFN-γ signal-stimulated dysplastic KRT5+ cell formation. Inactivation of interferon receptor 1 (Ifngr1) reduced dysplastic cell formation, ameliorated lung fibrosis, and improved lung-function recovery. Mechanistically, IFN-γ regulated dysplastic cell formation via the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) pathway. Inhibiting FAK/Src diminished IFN-γ-induced YAP nuclear translocation and dysplastic cell formation. Inhibiting YAP during viral infection prevented dysplastic cell formation, whereas inhibiting YAP in persistent KRT5+ cells led to their conversion into distal club cells. Importantly, human dysplastic cells exhibited elevated FAK and YAP activity, and IFN-γ treatment promoted the transformation of human alveolar progenitor cells into dysplastic cells. These findings uncover the role of infection-induced inflammatory response in alveolar remodeling and may provide potential therapeutic avenues for the treatment of alveolar remodeling in patients with severe viral pneumonia.