Population Dynamics Research Articles

Exploring the role of decentralization in Tokyo Metropolitan Area urbanization experience

ABSTRACT This study examines the impacts of decentralization on urban space, highlighting how different countries and cities adopt it to address local needs. The research aims to explore the relationship between decentralization and urban contexts, focusing on the Tokyo Metropolitan Area and contextualizing it within industrialization, modernization, and globalization. A three-stage strategic document review identifies key policies shaping Tokyo’s urbanization, analyzed through population dynamics and urban sprawl. The findings indicate that decentralization serves not only as a structural shift but also a strategic approach to manage urban growth, offering valuable insights for urban planning and contributing to sustainable urban development strategies.

Fertility intention and its correlates with reproductive-aged married women in Ethiopia: an adapted theory of planned behavior (TPB)

BackgroundIn Ethiopia, despite different attempts to manage rapid population growth and reduce the average number of births per woman, the expected changes outlined in the National Health Sector Transformation Plan (HSTP II) and Reproductive health (RH 2015 2020) strategies have not been fully realized over the past decade. The population continues to grow at a rate of 2.7 and fertility rates remain at 4.6. Fertility is one of the three key aspects in shaping population dynamics, as women’s fertility intention for children play a significant role in determining actual fertility rates. In addition, it can be an instructive tool for discovering more about overall fertility patterns, which is important for understanding future reproductive behaviors. In women, fertility intention refers to their preferences regarding the number of children they wish to have in the future, considering factors such as the costs and benefits associated with childbearing.MethodsThis study used cross-sectional data from Performance Monitoring for Action Ethiopia (PMA-ET) 2020.The hypothesis tested in this analysis was adapted and used TPB constructs as a guiding behavioral theoretical model. The study included 3916 women aged 15–49 years who were not pregnant. Frequencies and percentages were commuted to characterize women. Chi-square tests were conducted to evaluate associations and assess sample cell size adequacy across categories. Multilevel binary logistic regression statistical modeling was employed to identify important factors influencing women’s fertility intention. The findings were reported in terms of percentages and odds ratios, with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was established at a significance level of 0.05.ResultsThree-quarters 74.9% (95% CI; 72.5%—77.1%) of married reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia intended to have a/another child. Women who reported having a forced pregnancy by partner, Muslim and Protestant religion, 19 years and above old at first sex, and secondary or higher education were found to increase the likelihood of fertility intention to have a child. However, women who reported 30 years of age or older, had three or more live births, had a family size of five or more members, had a moderate family planning (FP) knowledge, positive subjective social norm towards FP and living in Addis and Dire Dawa were found to have lower odds of women’s fertility intention.ConclusionThe prevailing strong intention for high fertility in Ethiopia delays efforts to quickly decrease fertility and calls for implementation of multifaceted strategies that maintain high fertility intention rates. Accordingly, demographic and socio-physiological factors were found to affect women’s intention to have children. Awareness of these influencing factors is crucial for designing fertility programs and policies tailored to demographics strategies. Specifically, these strategies should be sufficiently diverse to create a positive social norm toward FP use, which can lead to information sharing, reduced stigma, and community support that can play significant importance in shaping individuals’ fertility intention and reproductive behaviors.

Forewarning the seasonal dynamics of corn leafhopper and mollicutes through neural networks.

The corn leafhopper (CL), Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), has become the most important corn pest in Brazil and other corn-producing countries. This highly efficient insect vector transmits corn stunting pathogens resulting in significant yield losses in corn fields. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between CL abundance and pathogen infection in adult CL with weather variables, day of the year (DOY), and corn season in four Brazilian corn-producing areas using artificial neural networks (ANN). We developed three ANN models, using monitoring data from 2019 to 2023, for year-round forewarning of CL populations and infection of corn stunt spiroplasma (CSS) and maize bushy stunt phytoplasma (MBSP) in CL adults. The best-fit models demonstrated strong correlations in the validation set for CL abundance (0.71), and substantial classification agreement for both CSS (0.81) and MBSP (0.81). The final inputs for the models included relative humidity, air temperature, wind speed, DOY, corn season, and CL abundance. The presence of corn plants and DOY are manageable factors for achieving CL and mollicute control. This can be made by eliminating volunteer plants, reducing planting windows, and avoiding late-plantings. Our results are suitable for further predictions and offer essential guidance to be incorporated into the IPM of D. maidis and to better understand CSS and MBSP infection on a large-scale. Lastly, ANN is a reliable machine-learning algorithm to predict vector population dynamics and the infection of phytopathogens in D. maidis.

Predictive Validity of the Brøset Violence Checklist in a Secured Institution for Offenders With Intellectual Disabilities.

The integration of systematic risk assessments into care settings for offenders with intellectual disabilities (IDs) is a growing priority, yet evidence on the validity of existing tools in this population remains limited. The Brøset Violence Checklist (BVC) is widely used to assess short-term violence risk, but its predictive accuracy in individuals with IDs remains uncertain. This study investigates the predictive validity of the BVC in a specialized institutional context for offenders with IDs, focusing on its performance across different shifts and demographic subgroups. A retrospective observational design was used to analyse 153 262 BVC assessments and 1325 documented severe violent incidents over 2.5 years in a secured Danish institution for offenders with IDs. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated across different BVC thresholds. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were applied to assess the influence of sex and time of day on predictive performance. The BVC demonstrated high specificity and NPV across all shifts, confirming its utility in identifying low-risk scenarios. However, sensitivity and PPV were limited, particularly during night shifts and at higher score thresholds. Predictive accuracy was highest during evening shifts, aligning with periods of increased staff-resident interactions. GLMM analyses indicated that the relationship between BVC scores and violence risk was moderated by sex and time of day, with female residents and low-activity periods presenting unique challenges to prediction. The findings underscore the need for population-specific adaptations to the BVC, particularly to address contextual and demographic factors influencing aggression in ID populations. Recommendations include supplemental assessment strategies for low-activity shifts, sex-specific behavioural indicators and the development of tailored tools for ID care settings. This study advances the understanding of violence risk dynamics in ID populations and informs interventions to enhance safety for residents and staff.

Distributed Synaptic Connection Strength Changes Dynamics in a Population Firing Rate Model in Response to Continuous External Stimuli.

Neural network complexity allows for diverse neuronal population dynamics and realizes higherorder brain functions such as cognition and memory. Complexity is enhanced through chemical synapses with exponentially decaying conductance and greater variation in the neuronal connection strength due to synaptic plasticity. However, in the macroscopic neuronal population model, synaptic connections are often described by spike connections, and connection strengths within the population are assumed to be uniform. Thus, the effects of synaptic connections variation on network synchronization remain unclear. Based on recent advances in mean field theory for the quadratic integrate-and-fire neuronal network model, we introduce synaptic conductance and variation of connection strength into the excitatory and inhibitory neuronal population model and derive the macroscopic firing rate equationsfor faithful modeling. We then introduce a heuristic switching rule of the dynamic system with respect to the mean membrane potentials to avoid divergences in the computation caused by variations in the neuronal connection strength. We show that the switching rule agrees with the numerical computation of the microscopic level model. In the derived model, variations in synaptic conductance and connection strength strongly alter the stability of the solutions to the equations, which is related to the mechanism of synchronous firing. When we apply physiologically plausible values from layer 4 of the mammalian primary visual cortex to the derived model, we observe event-related desynchronization at the alpha and beta frequencies and event-related synchronization at the gamma frequency over a wide range of balanced external currents. Our results show that the introduction of complex synaptic connections and physiologically valid numerical values into the low-dimensional mean field equationsreproduces dynamic changes such as eventrelated (de)synchronization, and provides a unique mathematical insight into the relationship between synaptic strength variation and oscillatory mechanism.

Population history across timescales in an urban archipelago.

Contemporary patterns of genetic variation reflect the cumulative history of a population. Population splitting, migration, and changes in population size leave genomic signals that enable their characterization. Existing methods aimed at reconstructing these features of demographic history are often restricted in their temporal resolution, leaving gaps about how basic evolutionary parameters change over time. To illustrate the prospects for extracting insights about dynamic population histories, we turn to a system that has undergone dramatic changes on both geological and contemporary timescales - an urbanized, near-shore archipelago. Using whole genome sequences, we employed both common and novel summaries of variation to infer the demographic history of three populations of endemic white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) in Massachusetts' Boston Harbor. We find informative contrasts among the inferences drawn from these distinct patterns of diversity. While demographic models that fit the joint site frequency spectrum (jSFS) coincide with the known geological history of the Boston Harbor, patterns of linkage disequilibrium reveal collapses in population size on contemporary timescales that are not recovered by our jSFS-derived models. Historical migration between populations is also absent from best-fitting models for the jSFS, but rare variants show unusual clustering along the genome within individual mice, a novel pattern that is reproduced by simulations of recent migration. Together, our findings indicate that these urban archipelago populations have been shaped by both ancient geological processes and recent human influence. More broadly, our study demonstrates that the temporal resolution of demographic history can be extended by examining multiple facets of genomic variation.

Population dynamics, threat assessment, and conservation strategies for critically endangered Meconopsis aculeata in alpine zone

BackgroundThe Himalayan alpine zone harbors a rich diversity of endemic medicinal plant species, such as Meconopsis aculeata, due to its habitat heterogeneity. Globally, alpine environments are most significantly affected by climate change, characterized by low temperatures and restricted growing seasons, offering essential services yet remaining most vulnerable. M. aculeata holds immense ecological significance in alpine ecosystems, while human disturbances and climate change pose serious threats to its long-term viability. The present study was conducted to explore population ecology, spatial distribution patterns, significant threats, diversity patterns along elevational gradients, and future conservation strategies for the dwindling populations of M. aculeata.MethodsField sampling was carried out from 2022 to 2024 in various districts of Kashmir to examine the vegetation characteristics of M. aculeata populations, along with the geographic variables and threats impacting these populations. The quadrat method was used to investigate the vegetation characteristics across an extensive elevational gradient, ranging from 3000 m to 4600 m.ResultsHealthier M. aculeata populations were found in the middle elevational range of 3700 m to 4100 m. The SIMPER analysis revealed an overall average dissimilarity of 80.08, indicating spatial variability in species composition across the studied sites. GIS analysis showed that M. aculeata was found on the north aspect, with steppe slope in rocky habitat. The average herb density was calculated to be 20.6/ha, while 60% of sampled sites experienced intense grazing. A total of 20 indicator species were identified as associated with M. aculeata populations. Mantel tests identified key species influencing the population structure of M. aculeata. Aconitum heterophyllum (R = 0.7954, P = 0.003) was found to be the most critical indicator species, followed by Anaphalis nepalensis (R = 0.6564, P = 0.034), and Bistorta affinis (R = 0.522, P = 0.044). CCA analysis identified NTFP extraction, grazing and fire as serious threats for the sustainability of M. aculeata populations. Alpha diversity results highlight significant altitudinal influences on the diversity metrics of M. aculeata populations. Beta diversity results indicate that Site 8 exhibited substantial differences in species composition compared to other sites, while Sites 1 and 9 highlighted the spatial heterogeneity within the M. aculeata populations. As this species is already classified as a critically endangered species, we recommend implementing effective conservation measures such as habitat restoration, sustainable harvesting practices, involving local communities, and promoting stewardship. These initiatives will encourage sustainable management of the species in the region.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.

Design of Exogenous Neuro-Structure for Dynamical Analysis of Nonlinear Fractional Financial Crime Systems

The contributions of AI-based applications in monitoring real-time financial transactions, and detecting fraudulent activity by scrutinizing consumer behavior, transaction patterns, and other relevant measures are worth mentioning for potential threats identification in the fractional financial crime population dynamics. Leveraging these financial crime systems in terms of population dynamics with the exploitation of supervised Nonlinear Autoregressive Exogenous Networks Optimized with the Bayesian Regularization (NARX-BR) procedures for attaining sufficient accuracy and flexibility for the approximate solutions of a fractional variant of stiff Nonlinear Financial Crime Population Dynamics (NFCPDs) differential system. The population dynamics for the financial crime model are classified mainly into susceptible persons, financial criminals, individuals being prosecuted individuals under prosecution, imprisoned persons, and honest individuals by law. The acquisition of synthetic data generated with Grünwald–Letnikov (GL) fractional operator for the multi-layer structure execution of NARX-BR procedure for solving NFCPDs for varying financial crime parameters, such as influence rate, recruitment rate, conversion rate to honest people, freedom rate, financial criminal prosecution rate per capita, percentage of discharge rate from prosecution, transition rate to prison, discharge and acquittal rate from prosecutions. The estimated outcomes of NARX-BR and the calculated numerical solutions of NFCPDs consistently overlap implying that the error between the results is approximately equal to zero. The effectiveness of model performance is assessed through a variety of evaluation metrics, that include minimization of mean square error-based objective function, adaptive regulating parameters of the optimization algorithm, error distribution plots, regression studies, error endogeneity, and cross-correlation analyses. This study contributes to integrating fractional calculus with the knacks of innovative AI and open paths to provide data-driven efficient solution-based policy recommendations in the field of financial crime population dynamics.

Life-History Parameters and Stock Dynamics of Palaemon longirostris in a Temperate European Estuary

Life history parameters are indicators of stock structure and the dynamics of populations. In this work, we examine multiple life-history parameters (size distribution, growth, mortality, and longevity) of Palaemon longirostris H. Milne Edwards, 1837 inhabiting the estuarine temperate waters of the Guadalquivir estuary through size-frequency distribution data obtained from June 1997 to May 1999. Sexual dimorphism in size was evident, as females displayed a larger body size with a maximum size of 19.1 mm CL compared to males’ 11.7 mm. The carapace length–weight relationship indicated an allometric growth pattern in both sexes. Additionally, the growth performance index was 2.50 for females compared to 2.33 for males. The recruitment pattern analysis of P. longirostris indicated that females experienced a recruitment rate distributed throughout the warm period between March and August, while males exhibited a higher concentration of recruitment from late spring to early summer. Our study found that natural and fishing mortality rates were similar among male P. longirostris, whereas fishing mortality had a smaller effect on the overall mortality of females. The exploitation rates for both male and female stocks were optimally balanced.

Effect of extended egg quiescence and elevation in carbon dioxide on life history traits of Aedes aegypti

Elevation in carbon dioxide is a global threat, driving anthropogenic climate change. How disease-vectoring mosquitoes respond to these changes is currently largely unknown. The dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, has adapted to urban environments, which are more affected by climatic changes, especially CO2. Aedes aegypti lay eggs around ephemeral water bodies that are prone to desiccation, with the pharate larvae possessing the ability to resist the desiccation, during which the permeability across the chorion is compromised. The study investigates the combined effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and extended egg quiescence duration on life-history traits of immature and adult stages, including development rate, survival and size. Furthermore, we analysed the metabolic reserves of newly emerged females and whether mosquitoes display compensatory feeding in response to restricted reserves. Extended egg quiescence duration, combined with elevated CO2 level, differentially affected developmental duration and larval survival, with carry-over effects on adult metabolic reserves, size and survival. The interaction of elevated CO2 conditions and egg quiescence period differentially impact life-history traits of Ae. aegypti. The findings of this study provide evidential support for assertion that changing climatic conditions significantly impact survival and population dynamics, as well as feeding propensity, which directly affect the vectorial capacity of Ae. aegypti.

Through the Eyes of the Megafauna: Early Human Settlement and Isotopy in the South American Southern Cone

As humans expanded across the globe, the Americas were the last continents to be colonized. While debates persist regarding the timing and mechanisms of this process, it is widely accepted that by the Pleistocene–Holocene transition, the New World was populated from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego. During this period, hunter-gatherer societies demonstrated remarkable cultural and adaptive diversity, particularly in subsistence strategies and technological innovations. The colonization of the Americas offers valuable insights into population dynamics, human–environment interactions, species extinctions, and adaptive capacities. From an interdisciplinary perspective that combines an isotopic analysis of megafaunal remains with archaeological evidence, this study examines human interactions with Pleistocene fauna in the south–central region of South America’s Southern Cone. Isotopic analyses provide information about the diets, adaptations, and climatic challenges faced by megafaunal communities. Archaeological evidence reveals that humans utilized megafauna and other Pleistocene species for food and tool production. These findings are supported by evidence such as cut marks and bone tools, but also by sealed sediment layers and/or indisputable associations of lithic artifacts. This research contributes to our understanding of human dispersal in the Southern Cone during the colonization of the Americas, shedding light on the regional environments and adaptive strategies of early populations.

Why is it Difficult to Recruit/Retain Asian American Family Caregivers in a Virtual Intervention?

Virtual interventions using computers and mobile devices have increasingly been developed and tested among racial and ethnic minorities in recent years. Yet, few virtual interventions have been developed for Asian American midlife women who are family caregivers of persons living with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, little is known about the feasibility of recruiting this specific group of racial/ethnic minority midlife women to a virtual intervention study. The purpose of this paper is to discuss practical issues in recruiting and retaining this specific group of racial/ethnic minority midlife women for a virtual intervention study. The ongoing parent study is to develop and test a preliminary version of a virtual intervention for this specific population. During the research process, the research team had regular meetings to have discussions on recruitment and retention issues and each team member wrote research diaries. A content analysis was conducted with the written records including the research team's research diaries and meeting minutes. The issues were: (1) an extremely small pool of Asian American midlife women who were family caregivers of persons living with AD; (2) competitions with other studies, (3) practicality of inclusion/exclusion criteria, (4) lack of time and interests in research participation, and (5) negative perception of small monetary incentives. Future researchers need to consider the unique cultural and social dynamics of this specific population, foster trusted connections with the communities before initiating the study, and obtain feedback from potential gatekeepers and the communities in advance.

A Model of Epigenetic Inheritance Accounts for Unexpected Adaptation to Unforeseen Challenges.

Accumulated evidence of transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic and symbiotic changes raises fundamental questions about the possible types, significance and duration of impacts on the population, as well as whether, and under which conditions, the inheritance of non-genetic changes confers long-term advantage to the population. To address these questions, a population epigenetics model of individuals undergoing stochastic changes and/or induced responses that are transmitted to the offspringis introduced. Potentially adaptive and maladaptive responses are represented, respectively, by environmentally driven changes that reduce and increase the selective pressure. Analytic solutions in a simplified case of populations that are exposed to either periodic or progressively deteriorating environments shows that acquisition and transmission of non-genetic changes that alleviate the selective pressure confer long-term advantage and may facilitate escape from extinction. Systematic analysis of outcomes as a function of population properties further identifies a non-traditional regime of adaptation mediated by stochastic changes that are rapidly acquired within a lifetime. Contrasting model predictions with experimental findings shows that inheritance of dynamically acquired changes enables rapid adaptation to unforeseen challenges and can account for population dynamics that is either unexpected or beyond the scope of traditionalmodels.

Density-dependent feedback across nested levels of organization in a social primate.

The strength and direction of density-dependent mechanisms acting on individual reproduction and survival may vary across the nested levels of organization social animals live in, such that complex patterns of density dependence shape fitness and population growth. Yet knowledge of such processes of population regulation where individuals are simultaneously subjected to contrasting density effects remains limited. We quantify and contrast density effects on components of individual fitness across two nested levels of organization: the population and the social group, using 45 years of demographic data of rhesus macaques. Our analysis reveals opposing density feedback on individual reproduction and survival across levels of organization and shows that density does not affect all life stages equally. While increased population density reduced female reproduction during maturation, females in larger groups were more likely to reproduce. Infant survival was optimal at intermediate population densities, and monkeys in larger groups showed increased survival. Our work shows that population-level density effects on individual reproduction and survival can be as strong as group-level effects and suggests different roles of the philopatric (i.e. females) and dispersing (i.e. males) sexes on the regulation of individual demographic performance. In this way, our work posits testable mechanistic hypotheses for evaluating density effects on components of individual fitness and highlights the need to explicitly consider the organization and demographic structure of social animals when quantifying individual performance and population dynamics.

Combined effects of ocean acidification and copper exposure on the polyps of moon jellyfish Aurelia coerulea.

Ocean acidification (OA) can interact with Copper (Cu) pollutants and threaten marine organisms and ecosystems. In this study, we assessed the effects of OA and Cu2+, alone and in combination, on the polyps of Aurelia coerulea, a common jellyfish renowned for its complex life cycle and frequent global blooms. The results revealed that ocean acidification and Cu2+ exposure significantly inhibited the activities of catalase, Ca2+-ATPase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase in polyps, resulting in antioxidative stress effects and a significant increase in respiratory metabolism. In addition, the combination of ocean acidification and Cu2+ exposure caused severe tissue damage to polyps, thereby impeding their predation behavior and reducing their asexual reproduction rates. These two environmental stressors showed synergistic effects on the Ca2+-ATPase activity, predation rate, reproduction rate, and injury index of polyps. Therefore, reduced seawater pH and copper contamination adversely affect the physiology, growth, and development of A. coerulea polyps, which may affect the survival and population dynamics of wild populations.

The unusually large home ranges and poor breeding performance of peregrine falcons Falco peregrinus in central Catalonia (NE Iberia) may reveal poor habitat quality

We studied the movements and home range of two breeding adult Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus in central Catalonia. Both individuals had large home ranges (3,600 and 345 km2) and extensive maximum daily movements of 192 and 205 km, respectively. One individual even travelled 102 km from the nest during chick-rearing. These values are among the largest home ranges reported for the species. Additionally, we collected productivity data from the same area for a period of 30 years, which revealed poor breeding performance. Comparing these findings, we suggest that the habitat quality is low in the studied area, which forces these falcons to move large distances. This will potentially have associated costs in terms of adult mortality, which may directly affect population dynamics and have implications for conservation planning.

Population ecology of entomopathogenic nematodes: Bridging past insights and future applications for sustainable agriculture.

Population ecology of entomopathogenic nematodes: Bridging past insights and future applications for sustainable agriculture.

Age-mortality profiles in mammals from La Brea Tar Pits: insights into population dynamics, taphonomy, and statistical techniques

ABSTRACT In population dynamics, age-mortality profiles (a histogram showing the proportional mortality in each age class) have long been popular tools for interpreting paleoecology. A typical living population of large terrestrial mammals has its highest mortality rates among juveniles, progressively declining with increasing age. In this study we evaluate the potential of constructing these profiles based on size-frequency distributions of limb bone lengths instead of tooth wear. We found that in many cases, the bin size of the histograms gives very different-looking histograms which could result in dramatically different interpretations. We conclude that age-mortality curves compiled from skeletal remains should be treated with caution. Long bone size-frequency distributions should not be directly interpreted as age-mortality curves, and tooth wear should be used only for taxa with enough stages in tooth wear to resolve fine age distinctions. All such age-frequency histograms should have some sort of statistical tests, rather than just interpreting them by eye. In light of these facts, paleoecological interpretations based on these kinds of data should be viewed with caution.

Incorporating population dynamics in the context of earthquake shelter location-allocation analysis

Location-allocation is a widely used approach to optimally select earthquake shelters and efficiently allocate the population in case of an emergency. A significant limitation often ignored by the vast majority of studies is the utilization of static aggregations of residential population, which may lead to sub-optimal location decisions and inefficient allocations. To overcome this limitation, in this article, an attempt to spatially refine population data, as well as, to capture population fluctuations throughout the day, using areal interpolation methods along with open spatial information, is undertaken. Then, its influence on the shelter location selection and population allocation process is examined. The city of Mytilini, Lesvos, Greece is used as the case study to further investigate three location-allocation scenarios using block-level census population, building-level night and day estimations as input. The results indicate that using spatially refined population data provide reduced distances, better shelter selection and capacity optimization, and finally, more efficient allocations. Moreover, using building-level day estimations of the population distribution reveals significant shifts in sheltering demand from residential areas to mixed and commercial zones. The use of detailed population dynamics data can give insights about the adequacy of shelter provision under different scenarios, and therefore, help civil protection authorities to make much more informed decisions.

Genetic Diversity and Ethnic Tapestry of Kazakhstan as Inferred from HLA Polymorphism and Population Dynamics: A Comprehensive Review

Background: The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system represents the most polymorphic segment within human DNA sequences and constitutes a core component of immune defense responses and in understanding population genetics. This research investigates the distribution of HLA class I and II polymorphisms across different ethnic groups in Kazakhstan, offering valuable insights into the genetic diversity and demographic evolution within this region. Methods: We performed an in-depth examination of HLA class I and II polymorphisms across diverse ethnic communities living in Kazakhstan, including Kazakhs, Russians, Uzbeks, Ukrainians, Germans, Tatars, and Koreans. Utilizing data from high-resolution HLA typing studies allowed us to assess allele frequencies alongside haplotype distributions while analyzing genetic interrelations between these populations. Additionally, we performed comparative assessments with global HLA databases to determine the genetic affiliations between these groups and their relationships with neighboring and more distant populations. Results: Our study revealed over 200 HLA alleles within the analyzed populations, and significant variations were observed in their allele and haplotype frequencies. Notably, the Kazakh group exhibited strong genetic ties to Asian and Siberian demographics; conversely, other ethnicities showed associations reflective of their historical roots. Notable alleles included HLA-A*02:01, B*07:02, C*07:02, DRB1*07:01, and DQB1*03:01, commonly observed across various groups. Linkage disequilibrium analysis revealed the presence of population-specific haplotypes, highlighting distinct genetic structures within these communities. Conclusions: The findings highlight the significant genetic diversity in Kazakhstan, influenced by its geographical location at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. These results are pertinent to immunogenetics, transplantation medicine, and personalized healthcare within Kazakhstan and adjacent regions. Future research should expand the sample size and explore disease associations to enhance our comprehension of HLA genetics across Central Asia.