Dynamics Of Demography Research Articles

Comme un village méditerranéen: postcolonial North African Jewish de- and re-racialization in Sarcelles

ABSTRACT Built from nothing on the Parisian periphery in the 1950s, the neighbourhood known as Les Flanades in Sarcelles is perhaps the single largest North African Jewish urban space in France. Though heavily policed since 2000, Les Flanades had been free from violence. However, on 20 July 2014, violence erupted close to the central synagogue (known as la grande syna’) during a banned pro-Palestinian march. The violence pitted protestors and residents against one another in a schematic Israel v. Palestine frame leading to confrontations between many descendants of North African Jews and Muslims. Using that moment as a strong indicator of a broken solidarity/affinity between people of North African descent, Everett’s article traces a process of de-racialization, amongst Jews in Les Flanades, through the use of place names. North African Jewish residents use the local names of first-, second- and third-generation residents for their neighbourhood, ranging from from Bab El-Oued (a suburb of Algiers), via un village méditerranéen (a Mediterranean village), to la petite Jérusalem (little Jerusalem). Using the lens of postcolonial and racialization theory—a lens seldomly applied to France, and even less so to Jews in France—and a hybrid methodology that combines ethnography with discursive and genealogical analyses, Everett traces the unevenness of solidarity/affinity between Muslim and Jewish French citizens of North African descent and the messy production of de-racialization. This approach involves looking at shifting landscapes and changing dynamics of demography, religiosity and security and describing some tendencies that resist these changes consciously or not. Examples include the re-appropriation of Arabic para-liturgy and an encounter with a lawyer from Sarcelles who has taken a stand in prominent racialized public legal contests.

Ancient genomes reveal structural shifts after the arrival of Steppe-related ancestry in the Italian Peninsula

Across Europe, the genetics of the Chalcolithic/Bronze Age transition is increasingly characterized in terms of an influx of Steppe-related ancestry. The effect of this major shift on the genetic structure of populations in the Italian Peninsula remains underexplored. Here, genome-wide shotgun data for 22 individuals from commingled cave and single burials in Northeastern and Central Italy dated between 3200 and 1500 BCE provide the first genomic characterization of Bronze Age individuals (n= 8; 0.001-1.2× coverage) from the central Italian Peninsula, filling a gap in the literature between 1950 and 1500 BCE. Our study confirms a diversity of ancestry components during the Chalcolithic and the arrival of Steppe-related ancestry in the central Italian Peninsula as early as 1600 BCE, with this ancestry component increasing through time. We detect close patrilineal kinship in the burial patterns of Chalcolithic commingled cave burials and a shift away from this in the Bronze Age (2200-900 BCE) along with lowered runs of homozygosity, which may reflect larger changes in population structure. Finally, we find no evidence that the arrival of Steppe-related ancestry in Central Italy directly led to changes in frequency of 115 phenotypes present in the dataset, rather that the post-Roman Imperial period had a stronger influence, particularly on the frequency of variants associated with protection against Hansen's disease (leprosy). Our study provides a closer look at local dynamics of demography and phenotypic shifts as they occurred as part of a broader phenomenon of widespread admixture during the Chalcolithic/Bronze Age transition.

Landuse change monitoring and population density analysis of Penjaringan, Cengkareng, and Cakung Urban Area in Jakarta Province

Rapid landuse change in an urban area is inevitable. Jakarta as the capital city of Indonesia is experiencing rapid landuse change. Jakarta is the centre of administration, economic activities, and entertainment pull people coming in to Jakarta. The dynamics of demography in Jakarta influences landuse change strongly. This research use three districts in Jakarta to see how landuse change over period of time. They are Penjaringan, Cengkareng, and Cakungsubdistrict. By combining landuse data, demographic features, and spatial data, such as satellite imagery, landuse change can be monitored and explained. The most significant landuse changes are industrial area and settlements. Both landuses are expanding. Meanwhile open spaces are decresing in size. This happens due to high demand of settlements caused by migrants coming in to work in industrial are. The result of this phenomenon is slum area in the city and lack of opened green spaces that can degrade environmental quality.

Epidemiology of orthopedic trauma admissions over year 2017 in the General Hospital H+ in Queretaro Mexico

Background: The dynamics of demography in MA©xico is changing and its population is aging. Osteoporotic and fragility fractures are diseases associated with aging and therefore its incidence is expected to grow accordingly. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of epidemiological data contained on medical records of 50 years and older patients with fracture admitted over a 12-month period at the Orthopedic Service from the General Hospital H+ in Queretaro Mexico. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods for distribution of patients according to gender and age group were used. Qualitative variables were presented by distributions of absolute and relative frequencies and distributions assessed by chi-square method. Results: From 150 patients presented in the Emergency Unit, 32 patients were admitted in Orthopedic Service. Data of 32 medical records showed the most common age groups was 50 to 59 (male 44.4% - female 34.8%). The more frequent factures were in upper limbs (male 33.3% - female 47.8%), hip (male 11.1% - female 21.7%) and spinal bone (male 11.1% - female 4.3%). Most common mechanism of trauma was fall (male 44.4% - female 56.5%) where no less than 50% of patients had pre-existing illness (systemic arterial hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus II, Obesity, Smoking and alcoholism) as predisposition factors to factures. Only one patient was diagnosed with OP using BMD and only one patient received treatment for OP. Conclusion: The frequency of patients with the most common type and trauma mechanism of fractures admitted in the Orthopedic Unit was consistently increased in female than male gender and correlates with previous reports. It was noticed that exists a medical management of patients related to reliable diagnosis and timely treatment of fracture fragility and OP, not according to criteria issued by international health entities.

Demic and cultural diffusion in prehistoric Europe in the age of ancient genomes.

Ancient genomes can help us detect prehistoric migrations, population contractions, and admixture among populations. Knowing the dynamics of demography is invaluable for understanding culture change in prehistory, particularly the roles played by demic and cultural diffusion in transformations of material cultures. Prehistoric Europe is a region where ancient genome analyses can help illuminate the interplay between demography and culture change. In Europe, there is more archeological evidence, in terms of detailed studies, radiometric dates, and explanatory hypotheses that can be evaluated, than in any other region of the world. Here I show some important ways that ancient genomes have given us insights into population movements in European prehistory. I also propose that studies might be increasingly focused on specific questions of culture change, for example in evaluating the makers of "transitional" industries as well as the origins of the Gravettian and spread of the Magdalenian. I also discuss genomic evidence supporting the large role that demic expansion has played in the Neolithization of Europe and the formation of the European population during the Bronze Age.

CHOROPLETH MAPPING AND INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUE TO ANALYZE THE DEMOGRAPHIC INFLUENCE ON KUWAIT'S COASTAL MORPHOLOGICAL LANDSCAPE

The coastal zone accommodates some of the most diverse ecosystems in the world and offers a wide range of ecosystem goods and services; therefore it has become a focal point of human development. Over the last five decades, starting from 1960s, Kuwait has seen a tremendous alteration in the natural coastal morphological landscape (CML) due to the tremendous increase on coastal population that existed 50 years ago to the present manmade environment today. Most of the population is located in Kuwait City and other urban areas along the coastal region. The study attempts to understand the dynamics of demography and its influence over the natural CML of Kuwait. The studies were conducted involving two GIS methods: (1) Choropleth Mapping based on Jenks Natural Breaks Classification Method and (2) Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) -Interpolation Techniques. Obviously, the coastal areas with the greatest population densities are also those having the most shoreline degradation because of the migration, and the associated demand for economic development along the coastal area. It also includes the filling of shallow shoreline waters used for various purposes associated with commercial, residential, waterfront, and petroleum related development.

At the margins: Agriculture, subsidies and the shifting fate of North America's Native Grassland.

We examined patterns of shifting cropland cultivation in the US Great Plains from the dust bowl to the beginning of the 21st century, by comparing land-cover data from 400 sample sites across the region from the 1930s, 1950s, 1970s and, 1990s and 2000s. We argue that understanding the use of marginal land for cultivation in the Great Plains since the Great Depression requires understanding the interacting dynamics of demography, technology, and policy. The small area land-cover data are nested within 50 target counties across the region. We draw on these dynamics, and their interactions with a range of policy programs aimed at reducing environmental impacts of agriculture, to tell the story of how and when marginal lands have been brought into use. In a multi-level panel design, macro- and micro-level covariates were used to predict levels of encroachment on marginal soils. We conclude that land retirement programs (like the Conservation Reserve Program) have had a generally stabilizing effect on the micro-level patterns of land use in recent decades, but that increased levels of encroachment on marginal soils and native grassland remain a problem in areas with higher or increasing population densities.

English

# , UGC-JRF (Geography) *, India. ABSTRACT: The knowledge of Land cover/Land use change pattern is very handy to get into the reality of anthropogenic pressure and dynamics of demography of a given area. For this purpose change detection technique is widely used to assess the driving forces of the changes. With only 11% of urban population Bihar is the least urbanized state of India (Census 2011) and being the capital and largest city of Bihar Patna is facing unprecedented burden of urban agglomeration. Therefore this study is aimed at understanding the land cover and land use change pattern in Patna Municipal Corporation area in last quarter century. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) are now providing new tools to monitor these fast changes. Landsat satellite images for the two base years 1989 and 2014 have been used for this study. Softwares like Google Earth Pro, GRgarmin, Erdas Imagine and ArcMap have been incorporated to prepare thematic map particularly for Patna Municipal Corporation (PMC). Land cover classification was done with the help of survey of India toposheet and satellite images, ground referencing was also done to check the accuracy of the classification. The results of this study were outstanding. The urban built-up area has nearly doubled in the past 25 years, water body has nearly halved while the forest cover has definitely increased. Fallow land decreased due to conversion to settlement and built-up area. Similarly agriculture land has also decreased considerably for the same reason.

Dynamics and driving forces of agricultural landscapes in Southern Ethiopia – a case study of the Chencha and Arbaminch areas

Agricultural landscapes in Ethiopia have undergone unprecedented changes. The direction of change, however, is unsustainable as manifested in land degradation, biodiversity loss, and low agricultural productivity. The objective of this study is to examine the patterns and trends of agricultural landscape development and responses of the local people within the framework of the dynamics of demography, socioeconomic conditions, politics, and natural resources in the Chencha and Arbaminch areas, Southern Ethiopia, during the last century. Information on cultivated and grazing land areas was acquired by satellite image interpretation. Interviews and group discussions provided important information on agricultural land use systems. A review and an analysis of secondary sources and documents of past studies were also used for trend analysis as a baseline and a supplement to oral history. The results show that cultivated land was expanded by 39% from 1973 until 2006, but per capita farming land holdings decreased enormously. In the same period of time, grassland shrank by 69% thus causing a significant decrease in livestock. Cultivated land scarcity can mostly be related to demographic pressure, which was exacerbated by government policy, land tenure, and the nature of subsistence agriculture. The farmers, however, were resourceful and developed skills over millennia to cope with the problems associated with population density and scarce resources. However, these traditional land use activities and land management practices have been deteriorating recently. Land use planners and environmental managers should take local knowledge and innovation into account in order to make sound decisions for the future.

Emigrants, spinsters and priests: The dynamics of demography in Spanish peasant societies

In Spanish peasant societies, aspects of social organisation such as patterns of marriage and inheritance and cultural traits like courtship and the concept of honour are examined as functional equivalents of demographic mechanisms such as fertility control and migration. Whether a demographic mechanism reinforces tradition or generates social change is found to be dependent on social structure.

Noviazgo in an Andalusian Pueblo

Previous articleNext article No AccessNoviazgo in an Andalusian PuebloSally Price and Richard PriceSally Price Search for more articles by this author and Richard Price Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Volume 22, Number 3Autumn, 1966 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/soutjanth.22.3.3629375 Views: 4Total views on this site Citations: 6Citations are reported from Crossref Journal History This article was published in the Southwestern Journal of Anthropology (1945-1972), which is continued by the Journal of Anthropological Research (1973-present). Copyright 1966 Department of Anthropology, The University of New MexicoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:JAMES M. TAGGART Gender segregation and cultural constructions of sexuality in two Hispanic societies, American Ethnologist 19, no.11 (Oct 2009): 75–96.https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1992.19.1.02a00050L. A. Sawchuk Historical Intervention, Tradition, and Change: A Study of the Age at Marriage in Gibraltar, 1909–1983, Journal of Family History 17, no.11 (Jan 1992): 69–94.https://doi.org/10.1177/036319909201700104JANE F. COLLIER from Mary to modern woman: the material basis of Marianismo and its transformation in a Spanish village, American Ethnologist 13, no.11 (Oct 2009): 100–107.https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1986.13.1.02a00060H. V. C. Harris SEXUAL ATTRACTION: A TEST CASE OF SOCIOBIOLOGICAL THEORY, Zygon� 19, no.33 (Sep 1984): 317–330.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.1984.tb00933.xAbraham Iszaevich Emigrants, spinsters and priests: The dynamics of demography in Spanish peasant societies, The Journal of Peasant Studies 2, no.33 (Feb 2008): 292–312.https://doi.org/10.1080/03066157508437937Louise E. Sweet, Kathryn Lattimer Introductory Bibliographies on Circum-Mediterranean Peasantry-III, Behavior Science Notes 3, no.11 (Sep 2016): 55–61.https://doi.org/10.1177/106939716800300102