Dynamics Of Causes Research Articles

The analysis of age dynamics of causes of mortality of population of elderly age groups as reserve of maintaining population of older able-bodied age

The article analyzes age dynamics of initial causes of death according to records in medical death certificates of population of older age groups. Materials and methods. The records of causes of death of 34.914 persons aged 60 years and older were used as primary source of information. The initial cause of death was determined according to the ICD-10 rules. The rate of registration by reason of death was calculated as intensive value per 100 deaths in concrete age and sex group. Each cause was coded according to the ICD-10 rules (revision 2014-2016). The belonging to group was determined by first character (letter) in four-digit code that corresponded to the Class. On the basis of analysis of structure of causes of death, the group A of causes that included five Classes of ICD-10, determined 81.4% of all deaths in population aged 60 years and older. Two Classes: "Diseases of the circulatory system" (Class IX) and "Neoplasms" (Class II) determine in all studied age groups more than a half of all deaths (from 55% to 71% of males and from 59% to 67% in females) and namely they determine mortality rate in older age groups. There are no gender differences in age characteristics of registration rate in these groups (p > 0.05), however age dynamics differ. In case of diseases of circulatory system initial cause of death is increase rate of registration at increasing of age. In case of neoplasms at increasing of age decrease of registration rate as initial cause of death is established. At that, rate of decline is higher than rate of increase that determines certain decrease of structural significance of combined contribution of these two groups of causes at increasing of age. The Group B of causes, including three Classes of ICD-10 "Respiratory diseases" (Class X), "Diseases of the digestive system" (Class XI) and "Diseases of the nervous system" (Class VI), determined in overall 11.9% of all deaths in population aged 60 years and older. The age dynamics of causes of death of population of older age groups exists for certain groups of causes and it should be considered in organizing medical care of population of older age groups.

The Impact of International Trade on Poverty in Least Developed Countries: With Empirical Study on Bangladesh and Somalia

Whiles an expected rippling ramification of international trade and globalization is poverty alleviation, several other equally important factors affect poverty levels in a country. Unfortunately, poverty levels across the world continue to surge especially in least developed countries. This research paper therefore sets to analyze the impact of international trade on poverty levels and inequality in least developed countries; Bangladesh and Somalia. Using a multi-case study research strategy, the standard cross-country regression analysis model and collecting data from secondary sources, it was revealed that in Bangladesh, trade openness and GDP Per Capita international trade parameters tested have significant influence on poverty gap but inflation rates do not. In addition, trade openness and inflation rates do not also have significant statistical relation with poverty incidence except for GDP Per Capita. On the flipside, trade openness and GDP Per Capita international trade parameters do not have any significant influence on poverty gap in Somalia but inflation rates do have real influence. With regards to the impact on poverty incidence, again trade openness, GDP Per Capita and inflation rates do not reflect appreciable statistical relation with poverty incidence. The study further show that trade openness and GDP Per Capita in Bangladesh significantly explains the observed variations in GINI indices, unlike inflation rates which does not show significant relations. However, in Somalia trade openness, GDP Per Capita and inflation do not account for the observed variations in GINI indices; implying a negative correlation between GDP Per Capita and inequality in Somalia. It is recommended that Bangladesh must continually measure and closely monitor its trade openness and GDP Per Capita indicators in their quest to reduce poverty gap, and also check their GDP Per Capita to reduce poverty incidence. Somalia on the other hand must develop and implement inflation reduction strategies in order to minimize poverty gap. In general, least developed nations should explore their available natural resources to their comparative advantage, empower local producers and limit the competition from foreign products. Moreover, they should adopt trade and poverty analysis models that would help in monitoring critical indicators in real time. Future works should also consider expanding the dynamics of cause and effect in international trade practice, poverty levels and income distribution across any geographical jurisdiction.

Dynamics analysis of the reasons for disability among population of Zaporizhzhia region at 2013–2018

Purpose of the study. To study the dynamics of the main causes of disability among the population of Zaporizhzhia region for 2013– 2018.
 Materials and methods. The materials of the study were statistical reports of medical and social expert commissions of Zaporizhzhia Region Center for Medical and Social Expertise for 2013–2018.
 Statistical data processing was performed with calculations of intensive indicators for 10 thousand of the total population and for 10 thousand of adult population of Zaporizhzhya region. Statistical processing of the study materials was using computer programs of the STATISTICA package (StatSoft Statistica v. 6.0).
 Results. The disability indicator can be considered as a reflection of the success of society, social protection and the level and quality of public health.
 The article analyzes the dynamics of causes of disability among the population of Zaporizhzhia region for 2013–2018 according to the annual reports of medical and social expert commissions. We conducted an analysis of the causes of disability among the population of Zaporizhzhia region for 2013–2018.
 The main causes of disability are: general illness; disability since childhood; industrial accident (occupational injury or other damage to health); occupational disease; diseases associated with exposure to radioactive radiation due to the Chornobyl disaster; injuries, injuries, injuries, illnesses in the military.
 Conclusions. The most common cause of disability is «common disease», which is established in the absence of grounds (evidence) for recognizing the presence of any other cause.
 In recent years, the population of Zaporizhzhia region has seen a gradual increase in primary disability due to general illness, work injury and among military personnel. At the same time, there is a tendency to decrease primary childhood disability and occupational diseases.
 During the indicated period (2013–2018), there has been a slight fluctuation in the disability indicators due to the Chornobyl disaster, both downward and upward, with an overall trend towards stability.

The Prostitution Business of Greater Mekong Subregion Women in Bangkok and the Adjacent Areas

<p>This paper is a qualitative based research, conducting in-depth interviews with 18 subjects consisting of GMS prostitutes working in Bangkok and other relevant informants. The objectives of this research are to study characteristics of the prostitution business in Bangkok and the adjacent areas and to study dynamics of causes, motivation, and the processes of how GMS women entering the prostitution business in Bangkok. The research results show that the entertainment places secretly provide prostitution services in Bangkok and the adjacent areas run the business openly. GMS women and Thai women providing prostitution services is illegal in Thailand. GMS women travelling to Bangkok to provide the prostitution services come from Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam, China, and Cambodia, respectively. Although the government takes strict action, the prostitution business cannot be completely eradicated. The most important problem is corruption of government officials in various areas. As for the recommendations, it is advised that there should be a study of international practices consisting of crime control models, especially elimination of corruption of government officials in various areas, legalization model, or decriminalization model in the offence of the prostitution service to study the models suitable for the current situations.</p>

Sudden Cardiac Death of Young Persons: Risk Factors, Causes, Morphological Equivalents

The article contains literature review on the problem of causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD) among young people as well as results of author's own retrospective study of deaths of persons before 39 years based on forensic autopsies performed during 10 year period. The study of structure and dynamics of causes of death, its risk factors and the role of connective tissue dysplasia in development of terminal symptomocomlexes allowed to establish that main mechanism of SCD in young people was arrhythmogenic developing as a response to provoking factors--physical effort, psychoemotional stress, consumption of light alcoholic beverages.

How Professionals Experience Complexity: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

This paper reports on doctoral research carried out in the UK into the experience of complexity in child protection work. The study explored what complexity meant for practitioners, and examined its significance for interprofessional working. A qualitative, case‐based approach was adopted, drawing on the experiences of 17 practitioners working on two separate child protection cases. Participants were from a range of agencies, including children's social care, education, youth offending and child/adolescent mental health. Two rounds of semi‐structured interviews were carried out over a period of four months. Interview transcripts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis, a research methodology derived from qualitative psychology. The findings revealed complexity to be a multifaceted phenomenon, driven by the dynamics of cause and effect in open social systems. Practitioners' perception of unpredictability and volatility in these cases fed into various aspects of collaborative work: the experience of relationships, the process of assessment, efforts at intervention and concerns about risk. The paper concludes by exploring some implications for policy and practice in terms of how interprofessional networks are set up to manage the needs of vulnerable children and families. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘A qualitative, case‐based approach was adopted’Key Practitioner Messages Complexity makes it hard for practitioners to understand cause and effect, predict outcomes and control the course of events. To manage complexity, the team around the child may need to operate as a strategic unit rather than a collection of tactical interventions. When complex cases become ‘stuck’, professional networks may need additional support and consultation from specialist agencies. ‘Complexity makes it hard for practitioners to understand cause and effect, predict outcomes and control the course of events’

Mathematics Anxiety and Its Development in the Course of Formal Schooling—A Review

The purpose of the this article is to provide an overview of the current state of research concerning the development, determining factors and effects of mathematics anxiety, particularly with regard to young elementary school age level populations. Assessment instruments, potential risk-factors, consequences of mathematics anxiety, as well as approaches to intervention are summarized. Owing to the small number of studies focusing on mathematics anxiety in young children, findings from adult studies are briefly recapitulated. The available data emphasizes the need for systematic research that focuses on the one hand on the onset of mathematics anxiety at a young age, and on the other follows the development of longer periods of time. Furthermore, multi-method research designs may be the means to gain deeper insight into the dynamics of causes and effects when the interaction of mathematics anxiety and mathematical abilities are under scrutiny. Only by implementing longitudinal studies that involve different types of data and the formulation of complex models of the dynamics of mathematics anxiety over time, can its determining factors and its effects be generated.

Agriculture, weeds and the western isles machair

Summary The Western Isles machair has supported agriculture for 5,000 years, but its future suitability for this purpose is far from certain. Marine transgression and changes in agricultural practice have profound effects on this fragile environment, but the dynamics of cause and effect are not documented. A constructive policy for management and conservation of the machair must be based on an intimate knowledge of the environment, gained in detailed, multidisciplinary studies involving several years of close monitoring. The project described in this paper aims to define, in geomorphological and vegetational terms, the responses of the machair to changing patterns of agriculture, climatic conditions and rising sea levels.