Dynamical Properties Of Solids Research Articles

`NMR Crystallization': in-situ NMR techniques for time-resolved monitoring of crystallization processes.

Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is a well-established and versatile technique for studying the structural and dynamic properties of solids, and there is considerable potential to exploit the power and versatility of solid-state NMR for in-situ studies of chemical processes. However, a number of technical challenges are associated with adapting this technique for in-situ studies, depending on the process of interest. Recently, an in-situ solid-state NMR strategy for monitoring the evolution of crystallization processes has been developed and has proven to be a promising approach for identifying the sequence of distinct solid forms present as a function of time during crystallization from solution, and for the discovery of new polymorphs. The latest development of this technique, called `CLASSIC' NMR, allows the simultaneous measurement of both liquid-state and solid-state NMR spectra as a function of time, thus yielding complementary information on the evolution of both the liquid phase and the solid phase during crystallization from solution. This article gives an overview of the range of NMR strategies that are currently available for in-situ studies of crystallization processes, with examples of applications that highlight the potential of these strategies to deepen our understanding of crystallization phenomena.

New in situ solid-state NMR strategies for exploring materials formation and adsorption processes: prospects in heterogenous catalysis

Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique for studying structural and dynamic properties of solids and has considerable potential to be exploited for in situ studies of chemical processes. However, adapting solid-state NMR techniques and instrumentation for in situ applications are often associated with technical challenges, and for this reason, the opportunities remain underexploited. This paper highlights two experimental strategies that we have developed in recent years for in situ solid-state NMR investigations of solid-state processes. One technique is focused on probing details of the time evolution of materials formation processes, and the other technique is focused on understanding the time evolution of adsorption processes in microporous and mesoporous solid host materials. Each of these in situ solid-state NMR techniques has significant prospects for applications in areas relating to heterogeneous catalysis.

Characterization of defects in semiconductors using radioactive isotopes

Radioactive atoms have been used in solid-state physics and in material science for many decades. Besides their classical application as tracer for diffusion studies, nuclear techniques such as Mossbauer spectroscopy, perturbed angular correlation, and emission channeling have used nuclear properties to gain microscopical information on the structural and dynamical properties of solids. The availability of many different radioactive isotopes as a clean ion beam at facilities like ISOLDE/CERN has triggered a new era involving methods sensitive for the optical and electronic properties of solids, especially in the field of semiconductor physics. Spectroscopic techniques like photoluminescence (PL), deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), and Hall effect gain a new quality by using radioactive isotopes. Due to their decay the chemical origin of an observed electronic and optical behavior of a specific defect or dopant can be unambiguously identified. This contribution will highlight a few examples to illustrate the potential of radioactive isotopes for solving various problems connected to defects in semiconductor physics.

Solid State Physics at ISOLDE

Radioactive atoms have been used in solid state physics and in materials science for decades. Besides their classical applications as tracers for diffusion studies, nuclear techniques such as Mossbauer spectroscopy, perturbedγγ angular correlation,β-NMR, and emission channeling make use of nuclear properties (via hyperfine interactions or emittedα orβ particles) to gain microscopic information on structural and dynamical properties of solids. During the last decade, the availability of many different radioactive isotopes as clean ion beams at ISOL facilities like ISOLDE/CERN has triggered a new era involving methods sensitive to the optical and electronic properties of solids, especially in the field of semiconductor physics. This overview will browse through ongoing solid state physics experiments with radioactive ion beams at ISOLDE. A wide variety of problems is under study, involving bulk properties, surfaces and interfaces in many different systems like semiconductors, superconductors, magnetic systems, metals and ceramics.

Applications of radioactive ion beams to solid-state physics

Radioactive atoms have been used in solid-state physics and in material science for many decades. Besides their classical application as tracer for diffusion studies, nuclear techniques such as Mofibauer spectroscopy, perturbed angular correlation, β-NMR, and emission channeling have used nuclear properties (via hyperfine interactions or emitted α- or β-particles) to gain microscopical information on the structural and dynamical properties of solids. During the last decade, the availability of many different radioactive isotopes as a clean ion beam at ISOL facilities like ISOLDE/CERN has triggered a new era involving methods sensitive for the optical and electronic properties of solids, especially in the field of semiconductor physics. Extremely sensitive spectroscopic techniques like deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), photoluminescence (PL), and Hall effect gain a new quality by using radioactive isotopes: Due to their decay the chemical origin of an observed electronic and optical behavior of a specific defect or dopant can be unambiguously identified. This review will briefly introduce the experimental techniques used and browse through the ongoing experiments in solid-state physics using radioactive ion beams demonstrating the wide variety of problems under study involving bulk properties, surfaces and interfaces in many different systems like semiconductors, superconductors, magnetic systems, metals and ceramics.

Dynamical properties of solidsedited by G. K. Horton and A. A. Maradudin

<i>Dynamical properties of solids</i>edited by G. K. Horton and A. A. Maradudin

G. K. Horton, A. A. Maradudin (Eds.): Dynamical Properties of Solids, Vol. 5, North‐Holland, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, Tokyo, 1984. 500 Seiten, Preis: Dfl. 250.—.

Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische ChemieVolume 90, Issue 11 p. 1097-1098 Buchbesprechung G. K. Horton, A. A. Maradudin (Eds.): Dynamical Properties of Solids, Vol. 5, North-Holland, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, Tokyo, 1984. 500 Seiten, Preis: Dfl. 250.—. K. D. Becker, K. D. BeckerSearch for more papers by this author K. D. Becker, K. D. BeckerSearch for more papers by this author First published: November 1986 https://doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19860901145AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume90, Issue11November 1986Pages 1097-1098 RelatedInformation

Dynamical properties of solids. Vol. 3. Metals, superconductors, magnetic materials, liquidsedited by G. W. Horton and A. A. Maradudin

<i>Dynamical properties of solids. Vol. 3. Metals, superconductors, magnetic materials, liquids</i>edited by G. W. Horton and A. A. Maradudin

Dynamical properties of solids. Vol. 4. Disordered solids, optical propertiesedited by G. W. Horton and A. A. Maradudin

<i>Dynamical properties of solids. Vol. 4. Disordered solids, optical properties</i>edited by G. W. Horton and A. A. Maradudin

Pseudopotentials and Total Energy Calculations

It has recently become possible to use pseudopotential and total energy techniques to determine crystal structures, solid-solid phase transformations, lattice constants, bulk moduli, shear moduli, cohesive energies, phonon spectra and other static and dynamical properties of solids. The only inputs are the atomic number and mass of the constituent elements and a group of crystal structures to test, yet the results are highly accurate. Some of these results together with a description of the development of the pseudopotential approach and applications are presented.

Book reviews

Abstract Dynamical Properties of Solids, Vols. 3 and 4. Edited by G. K. Horton and A. A. Maradudin. (Amsterdam, New York: North-Holland, 1980.) Hardback. Volume 3: Pp. viii+292+subject and author index, price Dfl 120.00/US $58.50. Volume 4: Pp. viii+424+subject and author index, price Dfl 160.00/US $78.00. Laboratory EXAFS Facilities—1980. Edited by E. A. Stern. AIP Conference Proceedings No. 64. (New York: American Institute of Physics, 1980.) [Pp. viii+165.] Price US $18.25 hardback. Chemical Structure and Bonding. By R. L. DeKock and H. B. Gray. (Menlo Park, Reading, London: Benjamin/Cummings, 1980.) [Pp. xi+483+subject index.] Price £9.95 hardback. Perspectives in Statistical Physics. Edited by H. J. Raveche. (Amsterdam, New York: North-Holland, 1981.) [Pp. xxv+363+subject index.] Price Dfl 150.00/US $73.25 hardback.

Dynamical properties of solids. Vol. 2. Crystalline solids, applicationsedited by G. K. Horton and A. A. Maradudin

<i>Dynamical properties of solids. Vol. 2. Crystalline solids, applications</i>edited by G. K. Horton and A. A. Maradudin

Dynamical properties of solids. Vol. 1. Crystalline solids, fundamentalsedited by G. K. Horton and A. A. Maradudin

<i>Dynamical properties of solids. Vol. 1. Crystalline solids, fundamentals</i>edited by G. K. Horton and A. A. Maradudin

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Solid‐State Chemistry

AbstractVarious problems of solid‐state chemistry can be solved by spectroscopic investigation of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR and NQR methods). This progress report presents a survey of the nature of the interactions in the crystal that underlie such measurements, of the observations in the spectrum, and of the information obtainable from it. The field of application of the methods covers both static and dynamic properties of solids.

(1) Mechanics and Heat: a Text-book for Colleges and Technical Schools (2) A Text-book of Physics

(I) WITHIN the last half-century much experience has been gained as to the methods which can be used most profitably in the teaching of science; nevertheless, there is still much diversity of opinion as to the best method to be used. Followers of the heuristic school maintain that a student should build up his knowledge of science by his own unaided exertions, the function of a teacher being to guide the student's mind insidiously toward the correct path. Has any teacher ever attempted to proceed severely on these lines? It may be doubted. So far as the teaching of physics is concerned, such an attempt would be so ridiculously futile that no one could have made it seriously. Ideas such as those connoted by the words “energy,” “potential,” “entropy,” and a host of similar expressions could scarcely be derived by any student, even if he were of the type that might develop subsequently into a Kelvin or a Rayleigh. Quite apart, however, from the question of possibility, it may be argued that no student has received a satisfactory training unless he has learned to profit by the knowledge which has been accumulated by others. Dismissing, then, the claims of the heuristic system as enunciated by its most rigid adherents, the question arises, To what extent is a student necessarily dependent on personal observation, and to what extent is it profitable for him to imbibe ideas directly from his teacher? No general answer can be given to this question, since so much must depend on the personalities of both the student and the teacher; but if it be accepted that science is the study of real phenomena, it must follow that the practical work done by the student must be sufficiently extensive to give him a clear idea of the phenomena which he investigates. Not only the nature of the experiments, but the order in which they are performed, is of importance. Most of the difficulty experienced by students in becoming acquainted with the dynamical properties of solids and fluids is due to the practice of studying the laws of statics exhaustively before the laws of motion have been mastered; much of the time now spent in the experimental study of statics might be devoted with advantage to the performance of simple experiments designed to illustrate the laws of dynamics. In a systematic course of study an accurate and comprehensive knowledge of mechanical principles should be gained as early as possible, for most of the exact sciences cannot be mastered without such a knowledge. (1) Mechanics and Heat: a Text-book for Colleges and Technical Schools. By W. S. Franklin Barry Macnutt. Pp. x + 409. (New York: The Macmillan Co.; London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd., 1910.) Price 7s. 6d. (2) A Text-book of Physics. By H. E. Hurst R. T. Lattey. Pp. x + 638. (London: Constable and Co., Ltd., 1910.) Price 8s. 6d. net.