Dynamic Solvent Extraction Research Articles

Effects of Different Factors on Concentration of Functional Components of Aronia and Saskatoon Berries.

Effects of different factors on the content of phenolics, anthocyanins, antioxidants and colour parameters in two varieties of Aronia and three varieties of Saskatoon berries were evaluated. The berries were extracted by dynamic solvent extraction using three different solvents (water, 50% ethanol (v/v) and dimethyl sulfoxide) and subsequently analysed by ultraviolet visible near infrared spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance followed by chemometric analysis. The results obtained show that, dimethyl sulfoxide was the most appropriate for berries functional components isolation, and among the studied berries, Aronia exhibited the highest contents of phenolics. Besides that, varieties of Aronia melanocarpa Viking and of Amelanchier lamarckii Ballerina were selected as the cultivars with high contents of functional components. Satisfactory differentiation of berries was achieved according to extraction solvent, fruit type, variety and production years. The results obtained reveal that, phytochemical composition of Aronia and Saskatoon berries may vary depending on genotypic factors, climate, growing conditions as well as on extraction method used for their assessment. Sample processing, genotypic and seasonal factors had significant effect on the concentration of naturally occurring compounds in berries.

Dynamic microwave-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Saussurea medusa Maxim cultured cells

An approach for automated, continuous and rapid extraction of flavonoids from Saussurea medusa Maxim dried cell cultures has been developed in a new-designed dynamic microwave-assisted extraction system. The main factors affecting the extraction process namely power of microwave irradiation, liquid/solid ratio, flow rate of solvent and irradiation time were optimized. The yield of flavonoids reached 4.97% in 60 min under the optimum microwave-assisted extraction conditions: 1200 W of radiation power, 50:1 (v/w) of the liquid/solid ratio, and 50 ml s −1 of solvent flow rate. The dynamic microwave-assisted extraction showed obvious advantages in short duration and high efficiency to extract flavonoids without causing degradation of target components from the S. medusa dried cell cultures in comparison with the dynamic solvent extraction without microwave assistance.