Dynamic Elastic Properties Research Articles

Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Organic-Rich Gas Shale

Rock mechanical properties are critical for drilling, wellbore stability, and well stimulation. There are usually two laboratory methods to determine rock mechanical properties: static compression tests and acoustic velocity measurements. Rocks are heterogeneous, so there are significant differences between static elastic constants and the corresponding dynamic ones. Usually, static test results are more representative than dynamic methods but the static tests are time consuming and costly. Dynamic methods are nondestructive and less expensive, which are practical in the laboratory and field. In this paper, we compare the static and dynamic elastic properties of Eagle Ford Shale by triaxial compressive tests and ultrasonic velocity tests. Correlations between static and dynamic elastic properties are developed. Conversion from dynamic mechanical properties to static mechanical properties is established for better estimating reservoir mechanical properties. To better understand the relationship of static and dynamic mechanical properties, 30 Eagle Ford Shale samples were tested. According to the test results, the dynamic properties are considerably different from the static counterparts. For all tested samples, static Young’s modulus is lower than dynamic Young’s modulus, ranging from 55% to 90%. The difference of the static and dynamic Young’s moduli decreases with the increasing of confining pressure. The reason may be because the microcracks closed in high confining pressure. Correlations between static and dynamic Young’s modulus are developed by regression analysis, which are crucial to understand the rock mechanical properties and forecast reservoir performance when direct measurement of static mechanical properties is not available or expensive. There are no strong correlations between static and dynamic Poisson’s ratios observed for the tested samples. Two potentially major reasons for the discrepancy of the static and dynamic properties of Eagle Ford Shale are discussed. Lithology and heterogeneity may be the inherent reasons, and external causes are probably the difference in strain amplitude and frequency.

An experimental-numerical methodology for the nondestructive assessment of the dynamic elastic properties of adhesives

In the last years, lightweight design has become a priority in many industrial sectors, like as the aerospace and the automotive industry, mainly due to the strict regulations in terms of gas emission and pollution. Together with lightweight materials, the use of adhesives to join different parts permits to significantly reduce the weight of mechanical assemblies. For a proper design of the joints, the mechanical properties of adhesives should be correctly experimentally assessed. However, the experimental assessment of the adhesive mechanical properties can be complex, since they can be hardly estimated from traditional experimental tests on lap-joint or butt-joint specimens. The development of an experimental procedure for the assessment of the adhesive properties is therefore of interest. In the present paper, a methodology for the assessment of the dynamic elastic properties of adhesives, i.e., Young’s modulus and the loss factor, is proposed. The procedure is based on the Impulse Excitation Technique and Finite Element Analyses (FEA). An automated routine has been written to assess the elastic properties by minimizing the difference between the frequency response obtained experimentally and through FEA. The proposed methodology has been experimentally validated to estimate the mechanical properties of an epoxy adhesive for automotive applications.

Nondestructive determination of local material properties of laminated composites with the impulse excitation technique

An innovative experimental methodology for the nondestructive assessment of local elastic properties of composite materials is proposed in this paper. A local region of rectangular shape is isolated on the investigated laminate with a proper clamping system. The first resonant frequency of the retained region with clamped boundaries is determined through the Impulse Excitation Technique. In order to take into account the anisotropy of the composite laminate, values of the resonant frequency are measured after rotating the clamping system with respect to the composite plate. The material constants are finally obtained from the measured frequencies through an inverse optimization algorithm based on Finite Element analysis.The proposed methodology is validated on a unidirectional composite plate with known elastic properties. Boundaries of the investigated region are clamped by pressing two rectangular frames to the plate through a testing machine, thus localizing the measure of the resonant frequencies. The first resonant frequency is measured at different angles (0°, 30°, 60° and 90°) between fibers direction and main axis of the rectangular region. Dynamic elastic properties are finally assessed through the proposed inverse optimization algorithm. The small differences between the nominal and the estimated mechanical properties prove the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

Effects of cyclic cryogenic treatment on rock physical and mechanical properties of Eagle Ford shale samples - An experimental study

Unconventional reservoirs have ultra-low permeability, and the combination of horizontal wells and multistage transverse hydraulic fracturing have unlocked economical hydrocarbon production from such formations. Fracturing fluid involves large volumes of water that is partially recovered during the flowback stage, and the rest remains in the formation damaging the matrix-fracture interface. In this paper, an alternative waterless stimulation technique has been studied. A cryogenic fluid, liquid nitrogen (LN2), was injected into cores from Eagle Ford formation. The effects of cyclic LN2 on rock physical and dynamic elastic properties were examined. Two cycles of injecting LN2 into cores at the reservoir temperature and pressurizing at different pressures (1.38, 2.76, 4.14 MPa) were implemented. Before and after each cycle, computerized tomography scan, porosity, permeability, and ultrasonic velocities tests were conducted on the samples. The results demonstrated that cyclic cryogenic treatment increases porosity and permeability and decreases ultrasonic velocities of the samples resulting from inducing new cracks and extending and widening the existing ones. Permeability enhancement, which results from the creation of high-permeable pathways allowing the gas to move rapidly across the tested samples, was noticeable (up to 2 orders of magnitude). Whilst, comparing to permeability, the porosity improvement was not significant (up to 26%) owing to the small increase in pore volume compared to the sample's bulk volume. The results showed a direct relationship between injection pressure and porosity and permeability enhancements after the completion of each cycle. Moreover, the reductions in ultrasonic velocities and dynamic elastic properties were insignificant compared to the changes in the porosity and permeability. Additionally, porosity and permeability enhancements and velocities reduction mainly occurred after completing the first cycle. This is because of lowering the thermal stress on samples, which results in reducing the possibility of creating new cracks or propagating and widening the current ones.

Petrophysical properties of deep Longmaxi Formation shales in the southern Sichuan Basin, SW China

Abstract Deep shale layer in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation, southern Sichuan Basin is the major replacement target of shale gas exploration in China. However, the prediction of “sweet-spots” in deep shale gas reservoirs lacks physical basis due to the short of systematic experimental research on the physical properties of the deep shale. Based on petrological, acoustic and hardness measurements, variation law and control factors of dynamic and static elastic properties of the deep shale samples are investigated. The study results show that the deep shale samples are similar to the middle-shallow shale in terms of mineral composition and pore type. Geochemical characteristics of organic-rich shale samples (TOC > 2%) indicate that these shale samples have a framework of microcrystalline quartz grains; the intergranular pores in these shale samples are between rigid quartz grains and have mechanical property of hard pore. The lean-organic shale samples (TOC

Experimental Investigation of Dynamic Elastic Properties of Reinforced Coconut Shell Powder/Epoxy Resin Composites

Experimental Investigation of Dynamic Elastic Properties of Reinforced Coconut Shell Powder/Epoxy Resin Composites

Influence of Weighting Materials on the Properties of Oil-Well Cement

The integrity of oil and gas wells is largely dependent on the cement job. Maintaining the properties of the cement layer throughout the life of a well is a difficult task, particularly in high-temperature and -pressure conditions such as those in deep wells. Cementing deep wells require slurries with high densities. Heavyweight cement systems are those designed with weighting materials. These materials have a higher specific gravity in comparison to cement. The purpose of this work is to investigate the influence of weighting materials on the properties of Class G oil-well cement and to make necessary recommendations for their use. The rheology, fluid loss, gas migration, and dynamic elastic properties of three cement slurries containing different weighting materials, namely, hematite, barite, and ilmenite, were studied. The results indicate that cement slurry designed with barite exhibits the best rheological behavior that would provide a perfect solution for deep wells where cement placement is a concern. The barite slurry had the lowest plastic viscosity. The plastic viscosity of the hematite and ilmenite-weighted systems was higher by 11.5 and 12.4%, respectively. The barite-based slurry also had the highest yield point of 84.3 lbf/100 ft2, whereas the yield points of hematite and barite cement were 37.9 and 29.5 lbf/100 ft2, respectively. Furthermore, the gel strengths of barite cement were the highest, with 10 s and 10 min gel strengths of 11.5 and 39.5 lbf/100 ft2, respectively. Ilmenite had the most positive impact on fluid loss control, which would be appropriate in high permeable formations. It had a fluid loss of 66 mL/30 min, lower than those of the hematite (80 mL/30 min) and barite (82 mL/30 min) systems. Furthermore, the best dynamic elastic properties were exhibited by the ilmenite system, with the smallest Young’s modulus (27.3 GPa) and the highest Poisson ratio (0.252). This would make the ilmenite to be very useful in developing heavyweight cement composites that could withstand severe external loads imposed on the casing and cement. The hematite cement was the most impermeable to gas migration, with a gas volume of 127.8 cm3, whereas the volume measured in the barite and ilmenite systems were 20.9 and 78% higher, respectively. This makes the hematite to be very useful in deep gas wells where gas migration control is important.

Mechanical behaviors of frozen clay under dynamic cyclic loadings with freeze-thaw cycles

This paper presents a comprehensive research about the coupled influence of freeze-thaw procedure and stress condition on cyclic mechanical properties of the frozen clay. According to cyclic test data of frozen clay at the temperature −10 °C, dynamic responses in various cases of confining pressures, cyclic loading amplitudes and freeze-thaw cycles are investigated in detail. Cyclic stress ratio is used to investigate the coupling effects of the freeze-thaw procedure, confining pressure and dynamic loading amplitude on permanent strain curves under same dynamic cycle-time. The permanent axial strain raises with increase of cyclic stress ratio. An empirical formula is presented to quantitatively characterize the coupled effects on the permanent deformation of frozen samples. Two-stage evolution features of resilient modulus in the cyclic loading process are clearly observed under all confining pressures and dynamic stress amplitudes. The inflection points of two-stage curves are rationally considered as the endpoints for the post-compaction compression stage. The axial strain value at this inflection point is defined as the yield strain under cyclic loading conditions. The yield strain point roughly occur around 3000th-3900th loading cycles. When the freeze-thaw cyclesreached at 6, the loading cycles at the inflection point (yield point) were approximate 3300. There was no obvious freeze-thaw cycle threshold for the dynamic elastic properties of frozen samples. Finally, based on the analysis for the loading cycle numbers at those yield points, the dynamic strength curves of samples under different confining pressures can be established.

Propagation of waves with a wide range of frequencies in digital core samples and dynamic strain anomaly detection: carbonate rock as a case study

SUMMARYRecent advancements in various types of seismic measurement methods, such as sonic logging, vertical seismic profiling (VSP) and surface seismic surveys, have allowed the high-quality measurement of seismic wave propagation over a broad frequency range. To elucidate the relationship between seismic wave propagation captured by various seismic methods at widely different frequencies and in highly heterogeneous zones (e.g. fractures, vuggy zones) developed in carbonate reservoirs, laboratory measurements have been conducted over a broad frequency range. However, existing laboratory methods measure the effective properties over an entire core sample. Furthermore, there are few laboratory measurements of individual fracture stiffnesses. We propose a method to indirectly estimate the local properties caused by local anomalies (e.g. fractures) in a core sample over a broad frequency range from the dynamic elastic properties of a dry core sample using synthetic seismic waveforms generated from a digital volume of the core sample. 3-D numerical simulations were conducted over a broad frequency range using a digital core model produced by X-ray computed tomography. The proposed method was applied to numerical models and two types (fractured and vuggy) of carbonate core plugs acquired in an Abu Dhabi oil field, with the frequency ranging from 200 Hz to 100 kHz in the tests. Local strain anomalies and their frequency dependencies were successfully detected in the fractured core plug. Such frequency-dependent local responses could be associated with the micromechanics of incomplete solid–solid contacts at fractures or the heterogeneity of core samples, and thus with the frequency-dependent fracture stiffness. It was also demonstrated that the heterogeneity-induced local strain in a vuggy core plug may affect the accuracy of existing low-frequency laboratory measurements.

Micro-mechanical analysis of the effects of stress cycles on the dynamic and static mechanical properties of sandstone

For heterogeneous porous sedimentary rocks, the static mechanical properties can differ a lot from the dynamic elastic properties, even within an extremely low-stress difference. We perform uniaxial load-unload tests on one porous and one tight sandstone by setting a series of minor stress cycles to explore how the static properties are associated with their dynamic properties. The experimental results suggest that the dynamic Young's modulus is characteristically higher than the static Young's modulus at almost any stress level, whereas the static Poisson's ratio expresses a lower value at low-stress level and a higher value at high-stress level in contrast to the dynamic Poisson's ratio. Both dynamic and static properties of the porous sandstone exhibit more stress-dependences than those of the tight sandstone. We analyze the nonlinearity and hysteresis of the stress-strain curves of two sandstones and draw a generalized curve with different segments to comparatively investigate the hidden micro-mechanisms behind their dynamic-static behaviors, accompanied by an axial grain contact model and a frictional slip model. Form both experimental and micro-mechanical viewpoints, the static properties determined from minor stress cycles are closer to pure elasticity, which are preferable to making correlations with the dynamic elastic properties.

The stress dependence anisotropic elastic properties of shale

The stress dependence anisotropic elastic properties of shale is experimentally evident. It is well explained by the homogenization theory for a medium containing imperfect contact areas (ICA) of which the elastic properties are functions of the effective confining stress. For practical purpose, a minimum number of parameters related to the ICA is considered and calibrated on experimental data. It is observed that the trends of the five transversely isotropic elastic stiffnesses versus the effective confining stress can be well captured by four microscopic parameters: (1) a parameter that characterizes the orientation distribution of the contacts; (2) a ratio between the normal and in-plane compliances of the contacts; (3) the magnitude of the contact compliance at the stress-free condition; and (4) a curvature parameter that defines the dimensionless evolution of the contact compliance versus the effective confining stress. More importantly, these parameters can be fixed for different groups of materials: e.g. wet shale, dry shale, kerogen-rich shale, etc. therefore, a strong predictive capacity of the proposed method is approved. It is then used to predict the effective stiffnesses of shale at a high stress range using the measured data at a low stress range. It can also be used to explain the difference between the elastic properties of in-situ shale and shale samples at a stress-free or a modified stress condition in laboratory. Taking into account the stress dependence contact effect can also offers a capacity to analyze the relationship between its dynamic and static elastic properties.

Low Static Shear Modulus Along Foliation and Its Influence on the Elastic and Strength Anisotropy of Poorman Schist Rocks, Homestake Mine, South Dakota

We investigate the influence of foliation orientation and fine-scale folding on the static and dynamic elastic properties and unconfined strength of the Poorman schist. Measurements from triaxial and uniaxial laboratory experiments reveal a significant amount of variability in the static and dynamic Young’s modulus depending on the sample orientation relative to the foliation plane. Dynamic P-wave modulus and S-wave modulus are stiffer in the direction parallel to the foliation plane as expected for transversely isotropic mediums with average Thomsen parameters values 0.133 and 0.119 for epsilon and gamma, respectively. Static Young’s modulus varies significantly between 21 and 117 GPa, and a peculiar trend is observed where some foliated sample groups show an anomalous decrease in the static Young’s modulus when the symmetry axis (x3-axis) is oriented obliquely to the direction of loading. Utilizing stress and strain relationships for transversely isotropic medium, we derive the analytical expression for Young’s modulus as a function of the elastic moduli E1, E3, ν31, and G13 and sample orientation to fit the static Young’s modulus measurements. Regression of the equation to the Young’s modulus data reveals that the decrease in static Young’s modulus at oblique symmetry axis orientations is directly influenced by a low shear modulus, G13, which we attribute to shear sliding along foliation planes during static deformation that occurs as soon as the foliation is subject to shear stress. We argue that such difference between dynamic and static anisotropy is a characteristic of near-zero porosity anisotropic rocks. The uniaxial compressive strength also shows significant variability ranging from 21.9 to 194.6 MPa across the five sample locations and is the lowest when the symmetry axis is oriented 45° or 60° from the direction of loading, also a result of shear sliding along foliation planes during static deformation.

Correlation of Geomechanical and Dynamic Elastic Properties with the P-Wave Velocity of Lower Gondwana Coal Measure Rocks of India

Abstract Ground behavior during surface and subsurface coal mining activity is primarily governed by the geomechanical and elastic properties of the encountered rocks. A quick estimation of these p...

Using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System to Predict Rate of Penetration from Dynamic Elastic Properties

Rate of penetration plays a vital role in field development process because the drilling operation is expensive and include the cost of equipment and materials used during the penetration of rock and efforts of the crew in order to complete the well without major problems. It’s important to finish the well as soon as possible to reduce the expenditures. So, knowing the rate of penetration in the area that is going to be drilled will help in speculation of the cost and that will lead to optimize drilling outgoings. In this research, an intelligent model was built using artificial intelligence to achieve this goal. The model was built using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system to predict the rate of penetration in Mishrif formation in Nasiriya oil field for the selected wells. The mean square error for the results obtained from the ANFIS model was 0.015. The model was trained and simulated using MATLAB and Simulink platform. Laboratory measurements were conducted on core samples selected from two wells. Ultrasonic device was used to measure the transit time of compressional and shear waves and to compare these results with log records. Ten wells in Nasiriya oil field had been selected based on the availability of the data. Dynamic elastic properties of Mishrif formation in the selected wells were determined by using Interactive Petrophysics (IP V3.5) software and based on the las files and log records provided. The average rate of penetration of the studied wells was determined and listed against depth with the average dynamic elastic properties and fed into the fuzzy system. The average values of bulk modulus for the ten wells ranged between (20.57) and (27.57) . For shear modulus, the range was from (8.63) to (12.95) GPa. Also, the Poisson’s ratio values varied from (0.297) to (0.307). For the first group of wells (NS-1, NS-3, NS-4, NS-5, and NS-18), the ROP values were taken from the drilling reports and the lowest ROP was at the bottom of the formation with a value of (3.965) m/hrs while the highest ROP at the top of the formation with a value (4.073) m/hrs. The ROP values predicted by the ANFIS for this group were (3.181) m/hrs and (4.865) m/hrs for the lowest and highest values respectively. For the second group of wells (NS-9, NS-15, NS-16, NS-19, and NS-21), the highest ROP obtained from drilling reports was (4.032) m/hrs while the lowest value was (3.96) m/hrs. For the predicted values by ANFIS model were (2.35) m/hrs and (4.3) m/hrs for the lowest and highest ROP values respectively.

Using Artificial Neural Network to Predict Rate of Penetration from Dynamic Elastic Properties in Nasiriya Oil Field

The time spent in drilling ahead is usually a significant portion of total well cost. Drilling is an expensive operation including the cost of equipment and material used during the penetration of rock plus crew efforts in order to finish the well without serious problems. Knowing the rate of penetration should help in speculation of the cost and lead to optimize drilling outgoings. Ten wells in the Nasiriya oil field have been selected based on the availability of the data. Dynamic elastic properties of Mishrif formation in the selected wells were determined by using Interactive Petrophysics (IP V3.5) software based on the las files and log record provided. The average rate of penetration and average dynamic elastic properties for the studied wells was determined and listed with depth. Laboratory measurements were conducted on core samples selected from two wells from the studied wells. Ultrasonic device was used to measure the transit time of compressional and shear waves and to compare these results with log records. The reason behind that is to check the accuracy of the Greenberg-Castagna equation that was used to estimate the shear wave in order to calculate dynamic elastic properties. The model was built using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to predict the rate of penetration in Mishrif formation in the Nasiriya oil field for the selected wells. The results obtained from the model were compared with the provided rate of penetration from the field and the Mean Square Error (MSE) of the model was 3.58 *10-5.

Thermally Tunable Dynamic and Static Elastic Properties of Hydrogel Due to Volumetric Phase Transition.

The temperature dependence of the mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol-based poly n-isopropyl acrylamide (PVA-PNIPAm) hydrogel was studied from the static and dynamic bulk modulus of the material. The effect of the temperature-induced volumetric phase transition on Young’s Modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and the density of PVA-PNIPAm was experimentally measured and compared with a non-thermo-responsive Alginate hydrogel as a reference. An increase in the temperature from 27.5 to 32 °C results in the conventional temperature-dependent de-swelling of the PVA-PNIPAm hydrogel volume of up to 70% at the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). However, with the increase in temperature, the PVA-PNIPAm hydrogel showed a drastic increase in Young’s Modulus and density of PVA-PNIPAm and a corresponding decrease in the Poisson’s ratio and the static bulk modulus around the LCST temperature. The dynamic bulk modulus of the PVA-PNIPAm hydrogel is highly frequency-dependent before the LCST and highly temperature-sensitive after the LCST. The dynamic elastic properties of the thermo-responsive PVA-PNIPAm hydrogel were compared and observed to be significantly different from the thermally insensitive Alginate hydrogel.

Improving the Mechanical and Durability Performance of No-Cement Self-Compacting Concrete by Fly Ash

The eco-binder with optimized fractions of ternary solid waste materials of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS/slag), class F fly ash (FFA), and circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) fly ash was successfully used to manufacture no-cement self-compacting/self-consolidating concrete (NC-SCC). In the current study, the enhancement of mechanical and durability properties of NC-SCC with FFA was evaluated using the experimental testing of compressive strength, water absorption, sorptivity, dynamic elastic properties, and ultrasonic pulse velocity. Experimental results showed that addition of FFA at 30 wt% as partial replacement of slag was considered as the optimum value to produce the NC-SCC with the highest mechanical properties including compressive strength, dynamic moduli, and superior durability properties due to the lowest water absorption and volume of permeable voids computed from the test on initial and secondary rate of capillary absorption. Microstructural performance detected by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) obviously supported that the structure of interfacial transition zone between binder and aggregate of the NC-SCC with optimized FFA addition seemed to be strengthened by the extra hydration products contributed to the FFA particles.

A flexible homogenization method for the effective elastic properties of cement pastes with w/c effect

In this paper, the dynamic and static elastic properties of cement pastes with a large range of water to cement (w/c) ratios were modeled for the whole hydration range from 0 to 1. A flexible homogenization scheme is developed for transferring from one w/c ratio to another. This scheme considers a reference matrix that changes flexibly with respect to the microstructure change. It allows predicting the elastic properties of a paste by considering data of a reference paste of which the hydration condition and the microstructure are close to the considering paste. The model is calibrated and validated against a large variety of relevant data given in literature.

The Effect of Effective Pressure on the Relationship Between Static and Dynamic Young’s Moduli and Poisson’s Ratio of Naparima Hill Formation Mudstones

Static elastic properties, derived from stress–strain data, and dynamic elastic properties, derived from P- and S-wave velocities, are significantly different for rocks. Most rocks are deformed nearly statically (due to tectonic forces and reservoir compaction during production of the reservoir) but static measurements are not as readily available as dynamic measurements. Hence, empirical relationships between the static and dynamic elastic properties are needed to convert the dynamic elastic properties to static values. In this study, the static and dynamic Young’s moduli and Poisson’s ratio were measured simultaneously for dry and fluid-saturated mudstone samples. The samples were axially loaded only within the elastic region to determine the static elasticity. The samples were from four different lithofacies within the Naparima Hill Formation, Trinidad, West Indies. Experiments were carried out at effective pressures up to 130 MPa to determine if the relationship, if any, is influenced by effective pressure. The results show that the dynamic Young’s modulus is greater than the static Young’s moduli. Saturation of the samples causes a decrease in the Young’s modulus and an increase in Poisson’s ratio. Saturation also increases the difference between the static and dynamic Young’s moduli and Poisson’s ratio. A linear relationship with high correlation (R2 greater than 0.9) was established between the static and dynamic Young’s moduli. The gradient of the linear relationship increases, while the intercept decreases, with increasing effective pressure and axial loading. No clear trend was observed between the static and dynamic Poisson’s ratio.

Microstructural and Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) Behavior of Ti6Al4V-A Comparative Study.

In this study, an investigation is carried out to evaluate and compare the material and physical properties of Grade 5 Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V G5) samples of three different impeller manufacturers. The study aims to identify the efficient impeller core material from different Ti6Al4V G5 manufacturers. Ultrasonic fatigue test for Ti6Al4V samples of 100 horsepower (hp) centrifugal compressor impeller parts is performed before and after heat treatment. The effect of microstructure on Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) behavior of Ti6Al4V is also analyzed and discussed in detail. Optical Microscopy (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observation are carried out to investigate the microstructure of different Ti6Al4V material samples. The dynamic elastic properties are measured by the Impulse Excitation Technique (IET) at room temperature. The fracture behavior of the tensile specimens is analyzed by SEM. Post-heat-treatment analysis of Ti6Al4V is also carried out and presented which affects the grain size of the material sample and thus considerable effect in the mechanical properties. Chemical composition investigation of Ti6Al4V using SEM and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) also included in this study.