Dynamic Diagrams Research Articles

Development of a visual analytics tool for polytrauma patients: Proof of concept for a new assessment tool using a multiple layer sankey diagram in a single-center database

Abstract Objective Early physiological assessment of multiply injured patients is crucial for decision-making and has relied on personal experience of trauma experts. We have developed a new visual analytics tool (Sankey diagram, Watson Trauma Health care tool) that includes known prognostic parameters for polytrauma patients to help guide assessment and treatment decisions for physicians involved in trauma care. Methods A prospectively collected trauma database of a single level I trauma center (3655 patients) was used. Inclusion criteria: age > 16 years, an Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 16, and presence of a complete data set in the database. Data collected included admission values of patient age, injury scoring, shock classification, temperature, acid-base and hemostasis parameters. All of these parameters were collected daily as longitudinal parameters. Endpoints of the clinical course we considered were sepsis, SIRS and early in-hospital mortality (<72 hours). A proof of concept of the visualization was developed over a 2-year period in a cooperation between physicians and engineers. Statistically, the most predictive parameters were selected by binary logistic regression and ROC analysis. Results A dynamic interactive multi-layer Sankey diagram, based on cohort similarities, was developed in a collaboration between a level I trauma center and IBM, from August 2017 until January 2018. It is a modular tool and allows any user to add a new patient, or work with an existing case. The visualisation used the Data-Driven Documents (D3) interactive visualisation library to create a responsive graphic. Conclusion This application summarizes the experience of 3655 polytrauma patients and might serve as a guide for clinical decisions and educative purposes, as well as new scientific questions for the polytrauma patient.

Dynamic stability analysis of delaminated composite beams in frequency domain using a unified beam theory with higher order displacement continuity

In this paper the dynamic stability behaviour of single delaminated composite beam is investigated using higher order shear deformable beam theories. The system is discretised by the finite element method and the mass, material stiffness and geometric stiffness matrices are formulated by means of higher order displacement continuity in the intact part. The natural frequencies and critical buckling forces are determined for various beam theory orders and delamination lengths and positions. Furthermore, using the multi frequency method the dynamic stability properties of the system are calculated in frequency domain. Based on the stability analysis the sufficient beam theory order and multi frequency method’s corresponding truncated matrix determinant order are determined in order to achieve the desired accuracy on the observed parameter plane. The results indicate that the dependence of the natural frequencies and buckling forces is negligible on the order of the applied beam theory. In contrast the former quantities are significantly influenced by the delamination length and position. Finally, it is shown that the dynamic stability diagrams and the boundary frequencies of parametric instability do not depend on the delamination length and position from the engineering point of view.

Technological Innovation and Value Creation of Enterprise Innovation Ecosystem Based on System Dynamics Modeling

Based on the analysis of the dynamic interrelationships of enterprise innovation factors according to system dynamics, we build a dynamic causality diagram and a flow graph model of the enterprise innovation ecosystem to study the potential business value creation paths focusing on technological innovation. The system model is simulated using data from high-tech enterprises. Our results show that the model can reasonably simulate the operation of the enterprise innovation ecosystem. Two paths to value creation are identified: (1) input-technological innovation-commercialization of results-value creation; (2) external acquisition of technology-digestion and absorption-value creation as a complementary path. Also, the technological innovation path expands and extends the industrial chain and supply chain of enterprises and better promotes the value creation of enterprises in the same supply chain. Furthermore, our results show that R&D investment and technical cooperation investment should be allocated rationally in order to improve the utility of value creation investment.

Dynamic Voronoi Diagram for Moving Disks.

Voronoi diagrams are powerful for understanding spatial properties. However, few reports have been made for moving generators despite their important applications. We present a topology-oriented event-increment (TOI-E) algorithm for constructing a Voronoi diagram of moving circular disks in the plane over the time horizon [0, t∞). The proposed TOI-E algorithm computes the event history of the Voronoi diagram over the entire time horizon in O(kF logn + kC n logn) time with O(n logn) preprocessing time and O(n + kF + kC) memory for n disk generators, kF edge flips, and kC disk collisions during the time horizon. Given an event history, the Voronoi diagram of an arbitrary moment can be constructed in O(k∗ + n) time where k∗ represents the number of events in [0, t∗). An example of the collision avoidance problem among moving disks is given by predicting future conjunctions among the disks using the proposed algorithm. Dynamic Voronoi diagrams will be very useful as a platform for the planning and management of the traffics of unmanned vehicles such as cars on street, vessels on surface, drones and airplanes in air, and satellites in geospace.

A Tutorial on Fire Domino Effect Modeling Using Bayesian Networks

High complexity and growing interdependencies of chemical and process facilities have made them increasingly vulnerable to domino effects. Domino effects, particularly fire dominoes, are spatial-temporal phenomena where not only the location of involved units, but also their temporal entailment in the accident chain matter. Spatial-temporal dependencies and uncertainties prevailing during domino effects, arising mainly from possible synergistic effects and randomness of potential events, restrict the use of conventional risk assessment techniques such as fault tree and event tree. Bayesian networks—a type of probabilistic network for reasoning under uncertainty—have proven to be a reliable and robust technique for the modeling and risk assessment of domino effects. In the present study, applications of Bayesian networks to modeling and safety assessment of domino effects in petroleum tank terminals has been demonstrated via some examples. The tutorial starts by illustrating the inefficacy of event tree analysis in domino effect modeling and then discusses the capabilities of Bayesian network and its derivatives such as dynamic Bayesian network and influence diagram. It is also discussed how noisy OR can be used to significantly reduce the complexity and number of conditional probabilities required for model establishment.

Nonlinear dynamics of modified peyrard-bishop DNA model in nosé-hoover thermostat

In this study, we investigate the viscous effect by adding solvent potential into Hamiltonian Peyrard-Bishop DNA model. The dynamics of the modified Peyrard-Bishop DNA model is also considered in time-dependent thermal friction, namely Nose-Hoover Thermostat. Equation of motion formulate by using an analytical method, then solved using a numerical method. We show the pattern of phase space diagrams of the DNA dynamics in each variation of viscous and temperature, the movement of base pairs at a specific temperature, and the thermostat’s energy fluctuation that affects DNA dynamics.

Dynamic compensation control strategy of DC bus voltage based on residual generator.

Aiming at the problem of bus voltage control in DC microgrid, a dynamic compensation control strategy based on a residual generator is designed to complete the voltage compensation of DC-DC converter. Firstly, based on the DC microgrid system architecture, the bus voltage fluctuations are analyzed theoretically, and then the DC-DC converter state-space mathematical models of the DC microgrid system are established to obtain the input-output relationship of the control system. Based on the theory of double coprime decomposition and Youla parameterization stable controller, the proposed control architecture based on the residual generator is obtained, and the output value generated by the current disturbance is compensated in reverse by applying model matching theory. The voltage loop compensation controller Q(s) is obtained by the linear matrix inequality method (LMI), and the current loop compensation controller H(s) is designed according to the dynamic structure diagram of the DC-DC converter. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) results show that the architecture can improve the dynamic performance of the DC-DC converter without changing the original system structure parameters, and suppress the DC bus voltage fluctuations caused by load switching, power fluctuations, and AC-side load imbalances, and enhance the robustness of the system.

Sponge-dwelling fauna: a review of known species from the Northwest Tropical Atlantic coral reefs.

BackgroundWithin tropical shallow-water coral reefs, marine sponges provide microhabitats for a wide range of fauna. Although there have been numerous studies and reports of symbiotic relationships amongst sponges and their associated fauna, those pieces of information are isolated and disconnected. For this reason, based on the available literature, we compiled a species-interaction dataset of coral reef marine sponge-associated fauna known to date.New informationWe introduce a dataset that includes 67 literature items that report 101 species of sponge hosts clustered in 12 Orders having a host/guest interaction with 284 guest species from six Phyla present in the Northwestern Tropical Atlantic coral reefs. This dataset consists of two types of information: 1. Machine-readable data and 2. Human-readable data. These two types of coding improve the scope of the dataset and facilitate the link between machine platforms and human-friendly displays. We also created an interactive visualisation of the species-interactions dataset and of a dynamic Chord Diagram of the host-guest species connections to generate a user-friendly link between the user and the dataset.

Fault Diagnosis for Power Cables Based on Convolutional Neural Network With Chaotic System and Discrete Wavelet Transform

In this paper, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and a chaotic system were combined with a convolutional neural network (CNN) and applied to the diagnosis of insulation faults in XLPE (cross-linked polyacetylene) power cables. First, four different types of insulation faults in power cables were constructed, including the normal state of the cable, the short outer semi-conducting layer, impurities in the insulation layer, and insulation layer damage, and a high-speed capture card (NI PXI-5105) was adopted to measure the partial discharge (PD) signal, which was then filtered through discrete wavelet transform. Then, based on the Lorenz chaotic system, a dynamic error scatter diagram was established as the feature of each fault state. Finally, the dynamic error scatter diagram was processed by CNN to recognize four different types of faults in the power cable. The test results show that the method proposed in this paper can quickly recognize the fault state of power cables and has excellent performance in terms of recognition accuracy, which reaches 97.5%. Therefore, the proposed method can effectively detect the fault signal changes of power cables and identify the fault state of power cables in real time.

Measuring the Service Capacity of Public Facilities Based on a Dynamic Voronoi Diagram

The supply–demand relationship of urban public service facilities is the key to measuring a city’s service level and quality, and a balanced supply–demand relationship is an important indicator that reflects the optimal allocation of resources. To address the problem presented by the unbalanced distribution of educational resources, this paper proposes a dynamic Voronoi diagram algorithm with conditional constraints (CCDV). The CCDV method uses the Voronoi diagram to divide the plane so that the distance from any position in each polygon to the point is shorter than the distance from the polygon to the other points. In addition, it can overcome the disadvantage presented by the Voronoi diagram’s inability to use the nonspatial attributes of the point set to precisely constrain the boundary range; the CCDV method can dynamically plan and allocate according to the school’s capacity and the number of students in the coverage area to maintain a balance between supply and demand and achieve the optimal distribution effect. By taking the division of school districts in the Bao’an District, Shenzhen, as an example, the method is used to obtain a school district that matches the capacity of each school, and the relative error between supply and demand fluctuates only from −0.1~0.15. According to the spatial distribution relationship between schools and residential areas in the division results, the schools in the Bao’an District currently have an unbalanced distribution in some areas. A comparison with the existing school district division results shows that the school district division method proposed in this paper has advantages. Through a comprehensive analysis of the accessibility of public facilities and of the balance of supply and demand, it is shown that school districts based on the CCDV method can provide a reference for the optimal layout of schools and school districts.

Optimal firefighting to prevent domino effects: Methodologies based on dynamic influence diagram and mathematical programming

Fire is one of the most costly accidents in process plants due to the inflicted damage and the required firefighting resources. If the firefighting resources are sufficient, firefighting will include the suppression and cooling of all the burning units and exposed units, respectively. However, when the resources are inadequate, optimal firefighting strategies to answer “which burning units to suppress first and which exposed units to cool first?” would be essential to delay the fire spread until more resources become available.The present study demonstrates the application of two decision support techniques to optimal firefighting under uncertainty and limited resources: (i) Dynamic influence diagram, as an extension of dynamic Bayesian network, and (ii) mathematical programming. Both techniques are illustrated to be effective in identifying optimal firefighting strategies. However, unlike the dynamic influence diagram, the mathematical programming is demonstrated not to suffer from an exponential growth of decision alternatives, making it a more efficient technique in the case of large process plants and complicated fire spread scenarios.

Dynamic Euclidean Geometry: pseudo-Toulmin modeling transformations and instrumental learning trajectories

The present paper attempts to bridge the world of DGS technology with the world Euclid bequeathed to us in his Elements. Competence in the DGS environment depends on the competence of the cognitive analysis as students seek to decode their ideas using the tools provided by the software. The dynamic notions (e.g., dynamic point, dynamic segment, instrumental decoding, hybrid-dynamic objects, active/ “alive” representations etc.), are taken as given and form the specific /particular theoretical basis for the constructive processes. Dynamic Euclidean constructions will be considered using pseudo-Toulmin’ diagrams. These considerations provide a theoretical basis for the idea that, in order to solve a mathematical construction problem in Dynamic Euclidean Geometry, we have to build up the interdependencies of tools in various sequential steps (based on theorems and definitions and the competence in using tools) which can be linked to the level of our conceptualization. The central idea is the following: Do the tools of Dynamic Euclidean Geometry determine a new kind of Geometry? Is Dynamic Euclidean Geometry a new kind of geometry? Does it have its own axiomatic system or its own undefined terms? In the paper, the notion of an instrumental learning path/trajectory is introduced as the interdependence/intra-dependence between dynamic tools, diagrams and mathematical objects during an instrumental decoding process. Keywords: Dynamic geometry , Euclid “Elements”, instrumental learning trajectories, Dynamic Euclidean Geometry DOI: 10.7176/JEP/12-9-09 Publication date: March 31 st 2021

Design and fabrication of a transmission mechanism arm for rotational molding

Compared with blow molding and thermoforming technology, rotary die technology has many advantages for manufacturing hollow plastic products. The purpose of this paper is to compute and design the transmission crank mechanism of the rotary die machine. The authors chose a reasonable solution to design the experimental model to produce flower pots with dimensions of 1000 x 400 x 400 mm. The principle diagram and the dynamic diagram of the machine are presented. Computation and design of main clusters and hand fabrication of the rotary die machine are investigated. The model of the transmission crank mechanism is fabricated to verify the validity of the proposed model.

Effect of second phase particles on the dynamic recrystallization in Ni-W alloys during thermal compression

The existence of second phase particles may raise the deformation heterogeneity in the alloys, providing favorable sites of recrystallization nucleation in thermal deformation. The influence of large W second phase p articles (>1 µm) on the dynamic recrystallization in Ni-42W alloys (with 42 wt% W) is studied in this paper by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The Ni-42W alloys are composed by NiW matrix and W particles. The W particles are of two kinds of shapes including ellipsoidal shape with a diameter of 3–10 µm and rod-like shape with 3 µm in width and 5–15 µm in length. The phenomenon of particles stimulated nucleation is observed in the Ni-42W alloys during thermal deformation. The recrystallized grains are located not only at the areas with high-angle grain boundaries but also at the deformation heterogeneities around W particles. A divergent distribution of deformation heterogeneities is formed around the ellipsoidal W particles and the distortion degree near the adjacent ellipsoidal particles can be accumulated. Large distortion exists at the tips of the rod-like particles. The deformation is weak at the middle region between rod-like particles with parallel alignment, which is not conducive to recrystallization nucleation. Based on the EBSD results, the dynamic recrystallization evolution diagram is established for Ni-42W alloys with large second phase particles.

Multi-filter dynamic graph convolutional networks for skeleton-based action recognition

Abstract Action recognition plays an important role in video understanding, and the dynamic changes of human bones provide important information for it. In order to solve the problem that the source point can only obtain the characteristics of adjacent nodes and the static structure of the skeleton diagram can not meet the adaptive requirements, this paper proposes an Inception structure and dynamic skeleton diagram based on the convolutional neural network, namely, the multi-filter dynamic graph convolutional neural network. The method can not only enable the source point to obtain the characteristics of distant nodes, but also can use the dynamic skeleton diagram structure to generate different body associations for different actions, which improves the adaptability and accuracy of the model and achieves better results.

Dynamics and reliability analysis of the D-knotter winding rope system

The knotter is the core component of the rectangular bale baler. In view of the short service life, low reliability, and easy fracture during the working process, this paper takes the D-knotter’s winding rope system as the research object, lumped mass method and Lagrangain method were adopted to set up dynamic model and equations of winding rope system, Built a dynamic simulation block diagram. The dynamic response analysis of the winding rope system verified the accuracy of the dynamic differential equation and determined the fatigue analysis method. The Six Sigma reliability analysis module was used to analyze the reliability of the winding rope system, the reliability of the winding rope system at different rotational speeds was calculated, putted forward some optimizing measures for fatigue life of winding rope system, the result indicated that the fatigue life of winding rope system after optimization were greatly improved.

Experimental study of the processes of dynamic energy absorption of sand-lime brick

The data obtained as a result of dynamic tests of sand-lime brick samples were used to estimate its energy intensity. The experiments were carried out according the Kolsky method using a split Hopkinson bar. The graphs of the specific energy absorption of sand-lime brick were obtained at different deformation rates as a result of the numerical integration of dynamic deformation diagrams. In addition, dependences characterizing the growth of energy characteristics with an increase of the strain rate are plotted. Comparison of the studied properties of sand-lime brick with same properties of other brittle media is carried out.

Effect of Fibers Configuration on Nonlinear Vibration of Anisotropic Dielectric Elastomer Membrane

To describe the specific behavior of soft biological tissues that can be regarded as incompressible, a strain energy function for fiber-reinforcement materials based on two isotropic and anisotropic deformation invariants is developed and investigated. The anisotropic properties of simple composite materials were initially studied and now extensive hyperelastic modeling is used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of a dielectric elastomer membrane that experiences finite strains and is reinforced by one family of fiber. It should be noted that the presence of fibers in the rubber matrix will strengthen the structure, but here the presence of fibers will greatly reduce the electric field required to activate the dielectric elastomer and thus be stimulated with a lower voltage. It even helps to reduce the issue of instability that is a common thing in dielectric elastomers. Therefore, the effect of fiber angle orientation in an anisotropic dielectric elastomer under combined loads of biaxial tensile forces and an electric field with a focus on the damping effects is completely studied for different cases. Based on the Gent model, phase diagrams, dynamic response diagrams, and resonance frequency diagrams are also plotted for several values of fibers directions and damping coefficients.

Digital Representations without Physical Analogues: a Study of Body-Based Interactions with an Apparently Unbounded Spatial Diagram

In this study, we report on the design and use of an apparently unbounded spatial diagram to explore shearing, an area-preserving transformation. Apparently unbounded spatial diagrams are realizations of geometric objects, such as lines, that appear to extend indefinitely. They can be rendered in virtual reality displays where users who are visually immersed in a virtual world can interact with them through natural body movements (e.g. walking, grasping, head-turning). We developed an immersive environment that contained a dynamic spatial diagram of a triangle whose vertices were points on two apparently unbounded parallel lines. The diagram offered orthogonal and non-orthogonal perspectives on the parallel lines, mediated by walking and head-turning. Pairs of learners engaged in open-ended inquiry with the diagram. We analyzed their interactions with it and each other to distill mathematical arguments. The participants relied upon spatiographic observations of the diagram, as they might rely upon such observations of large-scale objects (e.g. buildings), in order to make arguments about how shearing affected the triangle. We discuss how natural bodily interactions with large-scale spatial diagrams can create new opportunities for learning and teaching.

Benign or disordered development? Assessment and simulation of security of highly aggregated tourist crowds in China.

Arising with increasing security issues in highly aggregated tourist crowds (HATCs), widespread attention has been dedicated to security status. Assessing and forecasting the security status of HATCs in various situations related to tourist destinations is an important strategy of security management. Thus, this study constructed a system dynamic flow diagram for the security evaluation of HATCs. The relevant data were collected on perceptions of crowded tourists through questionnaires at Tianyou Peak during China's National Day (Golden Week Holiday). Additionally, efforts were made to conduct online surveys at Shanghai Disney Park and Shilin Night Market in Taipei, since crowding always occurs in these two areas. Empirical results based on Vensim software suggest that HATC status is the result of the coupling of various influencing factors and the result of the benign coupling of the three subsystems: multi-source pressure, state variation, and management response. HATC security presents a changing trend of “increase-decrease-recovery”. Differences exist in the changes of HATC security status in different spaces and at different time nodes. The findings also indicated that HATCs that appear in the daytime are more stable than HATCs that appear at special time nodes. This study highlighted that the security management of HATCs should focus on systematization, differentiation, and precision management.