Dyeing Properties Of Cotton Fabrics Research Articles

The effect of knit structure on natural dyeing properties of cotton fabric

Natural dyeing of textile materials is gaining popularity all over the world since natural dyes are mostly eco-friendly, less toxic, and less allergenic as compared with synthetic dyes. Although synthetic dyes offer a broad range of color and color fastness and bright hues, they are nonbiodegradable and carcinogenic compounds and cause water pollution as well as waste disposal problems. This study presents the natural dyeing of cotton knitted fabric with three different structures using R. cordifolia root extract as a natural dye. Knitted fabrics with three different structures, interlock (350 g/m2), single jersey (145 g/m2) and rib (135 g/m2), were produced and dyed with madder (Rubia Cordifolia) in the presence of tannic acid as a mordant. The dyed samples were evaluated in terms of color measurement results (CIE L*,a*, b*, C*, h0, DE) and color fastness properties.

The effect of mercerization on water conductivity in cotton fabrics and its regulation

AbstractMercerization had been widely used in the textile industry because of its simplicity and ability to improve the luster, strength, and dyeing properties of cotton fabrics. However, the water transfer behavior of mercerized cotton fabrics had not been systematically investigated. In this work, cotton fabrics were treated with different concentrations of alkali (130 and 260 g/L) for structural characterization (scanning electron microscopy [SEM], Fourier transform infrared [FTIR]), water absorption (vertical wicking height), moisture absorption (moisture return rate), water retention, and so forth, and were compared with industrial mercerized cotton. It meant that water absorbency and water holding capacity of mercerized cotton textiles were improved by reducing surface impurity, increasing amorphous region, and increasing the number of free hydroxyl groups. It was easier for water molecules to move through the fabric as the vertical wicking height increased. Research showed that the water absorption and water transfer properties of cotton fabrics were related to the alkali concentration in the mercerized treatment, and a comparison with industrial mercerized cotton also proved this point. It also showed that the amount of tension had an effect on water transfer in the fabric, which provided further precision in regulating the mercerization process, improving the thermal comfort of mercerized fabrics, and achieving the aim of regulating the mercerization process according to market demand and environmental influences.

A single‐step pad‐steam cationisation and dyeing process for improving dyeing properties of cotton fabrics

AbstractThe cationic modification technology for cotton could greatly enhance colour strength and fixation of reactive dyes. However, it is a two‐step method when cationic modification is applied to salt‐free dyeing. Cotton fabric is initially treated with a cationic compound through exhaust or pad‐cure, acid washing and drying process, then the cationic modified cotton is dyed with reactive dye. In this study, a single‐step pad‐steam cationisation and dyeing process was proposed to shorten the process and improve dye fixation. The fixation reaction between reactive dye and cotton fabrics was conducted at the temperature range 100–140°C and relative humidity range 40–90%. The effects of quaternary ammonium salt and inorganic salt as well as alkaline agent on K/S value and dye fixation were also studied. Furthermore, the drying kinetic of the wet cotton fabric was studied in this article. The result showed that the drying process fitted well to the Page model. The effective moisture diffusivity of wet cotton under different steaming conditions were calculated. An activation energy value of 32.25 kJ/mol was determined. Compared with the conventional process, a single‐step pad‐steam cationisation and dyeing process not only shortened the process but also increased K/S value and dye fixation.

Investigation of the dyeing properties of cotton fabrics and wool yarns using Prunus persica leaf extract

In this study, the dyeing properties of cellulose fabric and wool yarn were investigated using Prunus persica (Peach) leaf extracts. For this concept, the cotton fabrics and wool yarns were subjected to pre–, meta– and post– mordanting processes in the presence of FeSO4, CuSO4 and AlK(SO4)2 mordants. The studies were carried out using medium pH. Color analyses of the dyed samples were done and the results were evaluated in terms of wash, rubbing and light fastness values. The color codes were determined with Pantone Color Quide, and K/S and L∗ a∗ b∗ values were detected with color measurement spectrophotometer, and also washing–, crocking– fastness levels were evaluated using gray scale. As a result, it was detected that wool yarns exhibited better dyeing potential than cotton fabrics and highest color strength values were obtained using pre–mordanting method. For wool yarns, high color strength were achieved in the presence of AlK(SO4)2 mordant.

Salt free dyeing properties of cotton fabrics grafted with ε-polylysine(ε-PL)

ABSTRACT Cotton fabric was chemically modified with ε-Poly-L-lysine (ε-PL), which contains abundant imino groups and primary amino groups. ε-PL was grafted onto cotton fabric by a reaction between aldehyde groups of oxidized cellulose and amino groups of ε-PL. FT-IR of grafted cotton fabrics was researched and it demonstrated the covalent bonds combination between ε-PL and cellulose fibers. Zeta potential of cotton fabrics grafted with ε-PL was positive when pH was lower than 7.5. Dyeing properties of modified cotton fabrics were investigated. Exhaustion rate and fixation rate of reactive dyes on modified cotton fabrics with a salt-free dyeing process were higher than those of unmodified cotton fabrics with a conventional dyeing process. Compared with that of the unmodified cotton fabrics, the washing fastness, rubbing fastness, and leveling properties of the modified cotton fabrics were also good. The dyeing behavior of Procion Red H-E3B on modified cotton fabric was examined and found to follow a Langmuir-type adsorption curve. It is concluded that ε-PL could be used as a salt-free auxiliary in reactive dyeing on cotton fabrics.

The effect of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on wetting and absorbance properties of cotton fabric

In textile dyeing and printing, fabric wettability plays a major role for good surface finish. Woven cotton fabrics contains starch, accumulated from sizing agents used for yarns which needs to be removed before coloration and finishing processes. The conventional method of removing the starch and making the cotton fabric ready for further steps is a wet chemical treatment that uses desizing, scouring, and bleaching agents in the process which has drawbacks of consumption of large amount of water and energy and pollution from effluents. The need for an environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and energy-efficient desizing method is in the interest of the industry. During this study, the effect of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on the enhancement of wettability and dyeing properties of cotton fabric was studied.

Eco-friendly approaches for dyeing multiple type of fabrics with cationic reactive dyes

The water pollution and water consumption have become two big challenges to the sustainable development in the textile dyeing industry. In this work, a series of multifunctional cationic reactive dyes were synthesized to reduce the consumption of auxiliary chemicals and fresh water in dyeing process. The obtained cationic reactive dyes based on azobenzene were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The dyeing properties of cotton fabrics in the case of low-salt dyeing at various temperature and salt concentration were discussed in terms of dye exhaustion and fastness properties. The results show that, despite a small quantity of electrolyte being present in the dye bath, a high percentage of dye exhaustion and good fastness properties can be obtained. Three cationic reactive dyes were used to coloration of acrylic, wool, silk, and nylon6 fabrics at different dye concentration. The results show that the similar K/S value on these fabrics can be achieved. The cationic reactive dyes as the multifunctional dyes instead of traditional dyes could be applied in one-bath one-step dyeing for acrylic/wool blend fabrics. The dyed blend fabrics can obtain good levelling properties and fastness properties. The application of cationic reactive dyes in low-salt dyeing of cotton fabrics is a cleaner method that can reduce the consumption of auxiliary chemicals. Compared to conventional process, the one-bath one-step dyeing of blend fabrics with cationic reactive dyes does not require a large amount of water and energy, indicating that cationic reactive dyes have potential application in the cleaner production of textile industry.

Effect of Cellulose Coating on Properties of Cotton Fabric

Cellulose solution was used for coating and it was prepared by dissolving pulp cellulose in Urea-Thiourea-NaOH-Water solvent system. Reactive Red 240 dye was used for dyeing the coated as well as control cotton fabric. The effect of cellulose coating on the dyeing properties of cotton fabric was studied by measuring K/S values of the coated substrate at various concentrations of cellulose and dye. K/S value decreased after coating cellulose on the surface of cotton fabric. The lightness of cotton fabric increased after cellulose coating. SEM micrographs revealed that coated cellulose was attached to cotton fibers. Tensile strength increased after cellulose coating.

Dyeing and stiffness characteristics of cellulose-coated cotton fabric

In this study, the effect of cellulose coating on dyeing and other properties of cotton fabric was investigated. Three different reactive dyes were used for dyeing coated cotton fabric. The effect of cellulose coating on the dyeing properties of cotton fabric was studied by determining the K/S values of coated substrate at different concentrations of cellulose and dye. The K/S value decreased by 40–60 % with increasing coating concentration of cellulose from 0 to 5 %. The results show that the stiffness was increased from 0.16 to 2.50 N/m by coating of cellulose on the surface of cotton fabric. The stiffness was permanent as confirmed by ten multiple washings. Mechanical properties remained excellent. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the amount of cellulose II increased slightly after solvent treatment. Fastness properties of cellulose-coated cotton fabrics against rubbing, washing, and perspiration were good.

Durable Press Finishing of Cotton Fabrics Dyed with Henna (<i>Lawsonia inermis</i> Linn.) Leaves Extract

Cotton fabrics were treated with 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and then dyed with a natural dye extracted from henna (Lawsonia inermisLinn.) leaves. The effect of BTCA concentration on the dyeing properties of cotton fabrics was studied by measuring the K/S values of the treated dyed cotton fabrics. The wrinkle recovery angles of the treated dyed cotton fabrics were assessed. The results proved that the BTCA treated cotton fabrics showed increase dye uptake of cotton fabrics. Concentration of BTCA enhances the durable press and tensile strength of the dyed cotton fabrics. Fastness properties of these to wash, rub and light have also been discussed.

Antimicrobial properties of treated cotton fabrics with non-toxic biopolymers and their dyeing with safflower and walnut hulls

Novel results were obtained by selection of chitosan treatment parameters on cotton fabrics to obtain antimicrobial properties against E. coli, gram-negative bacteria. Taguchi experimental design was used in this study and microbial reduction rate was considered as the response. The signal-to-noise and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to find the optimum levels to indicate the impact of treatment parameters on antimicrobial properties. The antimicrobial behavior of the fabric against bacterium as a function of each parameter was plotted. A verification test was also performed to prove the validity of Taguchi technique for this study after the determination of parameters’ optimum levels. Also the effect of chitosan and the mordanting on the dyeing properties of cotton fabrics with natural dyes such as walnut hull and safflower was investigated by measuring the color strength (K/S values) of the treated and untreated substrates at various concentrations. The results revealed that the K/S of dyed chitosan-treated cottons increased compared to untreated samples. In addition, antimicrobial properties of natural-dyed treated and untreated fabrics were determined. Walnut hull and safflower have shown antimicrobial properties. Although dyeing the chitosan-treated fabric reduced its antimicrobial effects but the results showed that chitosan-treated cotton fabrics had excellent antimicrobial properties against E. coli. Applying Taguchi experimental design for treating cotton fabrics with chitosan and utilizing these native natural dyes have never been used elsewhere.

Effect of Laundering by Detergent Containing Bleaches on Cotton Fabric

In order to understand the effect of laundering by detergent containing bleaches on cotton fabrics, two detergents with and without bleaches were used during laundering, and the changes in structures and properties of cotton fabrics were investigated after laundering. The structure of the cotton before and after laundering was evaluated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field scanning electron microscopy (FSEM). Meanwhile, the tensile strength, copper number and dyeing properties of cotton fabric have been studied for evaluating the chemical damage. The results showed that the damage of fabric laundering by detergents containing bleaches is more serious than that by detergents without bleaches. FTIR and copper number results revealed that the C-6 hydroxyl groups of the glucose repeating unit of cellulose were oxidized. XRD, FSEM and dyeing results indicated that the cotton fabrics have been damaged during laundering with detergents containing bleaches.

대나무 추출물의 염색성과 기능성 (제1보) -대나무 추출물의 특성과 면직물에 대한 염색성-

The dyeing properties of cotton fabrics with bamboo colorants were studied by investigating the analysis of bamboo colorants, the effect of dyeing conditions (dye concentrations, dyeing temperatures and times on dye uptakes), effect of mordants, and color change. The various colorfastness of dyed fabrics were evaluated for practical use; in addition, the antimicrobial ability, ultraviolet-cut ability, and deodorant ability were also estimated. In the UV-Visible spectrum, the wavelength of the maximum absorption for bamboo stems and leaves extracts was found to be 280nm and 295nm, respectively; in addition, bamboo colorants produced a yellow color. From the FT-IR and GC-MS results, it was assumed that the chromophoric substance from bamboo extracts was composed of flavones substances with tricin. An increased dyeing concentration resulted in a larger dye uptake and a Freundlich absorption isotherm was obtained. A larger dye uptake occurred as the dyeing time and temperature increased. The post-mordanting was more effective than pre-mordanting. Mordants, Fe and N.Fe, were effective for an increased dye uptake. The color of fabrics mordanted with Cu and N.Cu changed to GY. Regardless of mordanting, the colorfastness on the washing of dyed fabrics showed a low rating compared to other fastness. Mordanting adversely affected the lightfastness of dyed fabric. The dyed fabric showed very good antimicrobial abilities of 99.9%. In addition, the ultraviolet-cut ability and deodorant ability improved in cotton fabric dyed with bamboo extracts.

차가버섯 추출염액을 이용한 면직물의 염색성과 항균효과

The dyeing properties of cotton fabric with Inonotus obliquus are studied by investigating the effect of dyeing conditions on dye uptakes such as, the concentration of Inonotus obliquus, dyeing temperature, time, and pH values. In addition, the effects of mordants on dye uptakes and antibacterial activities are also investigated. The results are summarized as follows: The dye uptakes of dyed fabrics were increased gradually with an increasing concentration of Inonotus obliquus. K/S values were the highest when the dyeing temperature and time were at <TEX>$60^{\circ}C$</TEX> and 60 minutes, respectively. As for the changes of pH values of dyeing solution, K/S values recorded the highest at pH3-pH5. Antibacterial activities of Inonotus obliquus dyeing solution showed a significant effect in dyed cotton fabric with mordanting.

The Application of Water-soluble and Reactive Chitosan on Antimicrobial Activity and Salt-free Dyeing of Reactive Dyes

A novel chitosan derivative, O-acrylamidomethyl-HTCC (NMA-HTCC) was synthesized in two steps. First, N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl] chitosan chloride (HTCC) was prepared by introducing 2,3-epoxy propane trimethlyl ammonium chloride(GTA) on the amino groups of chitosan. HTCC was further modified by reacting with N-methylolacrylamide (NMA) on the primary alcohol groups (C-6) on the chitosan. The effect of modified chitosan on the dyeing properties of cotton fabric was studied by measuring the dye uptake and K/S values of the treated substrates with different treating processes under salt-free conditions. The antimicrobial activity of modified chitosan against Escherichia coli and the durability of antimicrobial activity was assessed using percentage reduction rate of the bacterium with different treating processes. The results indicate that modified chitosan treated cotton fabric shows increased dye uptake, K/S values and fastness, and its antimicrobial activity and durability are much better than chitosan treated cotton fabric.

Effects of cationic fixing agents on the direct dyeing properties of cotton fabrics

One mono-reactive and two bis-reactive 2,3-epoxypropyl derivatives of quaternary ammonium chloride have been synthesised and characterised using different spectroscopic techniques. The effects of these compounds as fixing agents have been evaluated on the direct dyeing properties of cotton fabrics. The results indicated that pretreatment of cotton fabrics with these cationic agents enhanced the colour strength and fastness properties of direct dyeings over the untreated dyeings without using high electrolyte concentrations. However, bis-reactive derivatives have proved to be more effective than the mono-reactive derivative. Amongst bis-reactive derivatives, the compound with lower steric hindrance has shown superior results.