Dyebath Exhaustion Research Articles

N-arylmaleimide based monomeric and polymeric dyes for cellulose triacetate fiber

A series of monomeric dyes has been prepared by diazotization of 2,6-dibromo-4-nitroaniline and coupled with various N-arylmaleimides. The monomeric dyes were characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectra. The polymeric dyes have been prepared by free radical polymerization of monomeric dyes. They were characterized by IR spectral studies, intrinsic viscosity, molecular weight by vapor pressure osmometry, thermogravimetry analysis and elemental analysis. The purity of all the dyes were checked by thin layer chromatography and they have also been applied on cellulose triacetate fiber as a disperse dye. All the dyes were found to give various color hues with good to very good depth and levelness on the fiber. The percentage dye bath exhaustion and fixation on fiber have been found to be good to very good. The monomeric dyes showed very good fastness properties, and their corresponding polymeric dyes showed excellent fastness to light, washing, perspiration, solvent resistance and sublimation.

MONOMERIC AND POLYMERIC DISPERSE DYES BASED ON HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND FOR HYDROPHOBIC FABRIC

A series of monomeric dyes have been prepared by diazotization of 2-aminothiadiazole and coupled with various N-arylmaleimides. The polymeric dyes have been prepared by free radical polymerization of monomeric dyes and they are characterized by intrinsic viscosity, molecular weight by vapor pressure osmometry, thermogravimetry analysis, IR, visible spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The monomeric dyes have also been characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectra. The purity of all the dyes have been checked by thin layer chromatography and also applied on polyester fiber as a disperse dye. Color and dyeability of the polymeric dyes have been discussed by comparing them with their corresponding monomeric dyes. The percentage dyebath exhaustion and fixation on fiber have been found to be from good to very good. The dyeing of monomeric dyes showed very good color fastness properties and their corresponding polymeric dyes showed excellent fastness to light, washing, perspiration, solvent resistance, and sublimation.

Monoazo disperse dyes derived from 11H-7-amino-2-chloro-isoindolo[2,1-a] benzimidazole-11-one

A series of new heterocyclic disperse dyes were prepared by diazotising 11H-7-amino-2-chloro-isoindolo[2,1-a]benzimidazole-11-one and coupling with various mono- and di-N-substituted aniline derivatives. The resultant dyes were characterised using standard spectroscopic methods and their dyeing performance on nylon 66 and polyester fabrics was assessed. Results of the latter studies indicated that dye bath exhaustion was moderate to good and the dyed fabrics had good to very good fastness properties.

Dyeing performance of disperse dyes based on 2-aminothiazole for cellulose triacetate and nylon fibers

A series of monoazo disperse dyes based on 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole was prepared using variousN,N-dialkylaniline derivatives as the coupling component. The dyes were characterized by IR spectral studies, visible absorption spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The dyeing performance of these dyes was assessed on cellulose triacetate and nylon fibers. These dyes were found to give a wide range of colour shades varying from bright red to royal blue with very good depth, brightness and levelness on fibers. The dyed fibers showed good to very good light fastness and very good to excellent fastness to washing, perspiration, rubbing and sublimation. The dyebath exhaustion and fixation on the fibers were found to be very good.

Studies of novel monomeric and polymeric azo disperse dyes

AbstractA series of polymeric dyes were synthesized by free‐radical addition polymerization of monomeric dyes that were derived from diazotized 2‐amino‐3,5‐bis‐(ethoxycarbonyl)‐4‐methylthiophene by coupling with various N‐arylmaleimides. All the polymeric dyes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and visible spectroscopy, viscometry, and TGA. Color and dyeability of the polymeric dyes are discussed by comparing them with those of the corresponding monomeric dyes. All the dyes have been found to give various color shades with good to very good depth and levelness on the fiber. The dyeing of the monomeric dyes shows good fastness to light and very good to excellent fastness to washing, perspiration, sublimation, and solvents. The corresponding polymeric dyes show excellent fastness properties. The percentage dyebath exhaustion and fixation on the fiber have been found to be good to very good (60–90%). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1380–1389, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10276

Fused heterocycle 11-amino-13H-acenaphtho[1,2-e] pyridazino[3,2-b]quinazoline-13-one based monoazo disperse dyes

A series of new heterocyclic monoazo disperse dyes have been prepared by coupling 11-amino-13H-acenaphtho[1,2-e]pyridazino[3,2-b]quinazoline-13-one with various mono and di-N substituted derivatives of aniline. All the disperse dyes were characterized by their percentage yield, melting point, UV–visible spectroscopy, elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and dyeing performance on Nylon 66 and polyester fibres. The percentage dye bath exhaustion on different fibres have been found to be reasonably good and acceptable. The dyed fibres show fairly good to good fastness to light and very good to excellent fastness to washing, rubbing, perspiration and sublimation.

Disperse dyes based on 2-methyl-3-[3’-amino-phthalimido]-4(3H)-quinazilinone

A series of new heterocyclic disperse dyes has been prepared by subsequent diazotization of 2-methyl-3-[3?-aminophthalimido]-4(3H)-quinazolinone and coupling with various mono- and di-N-substituted derivatives of aniline. All the disperse dyes were characterized by their percentage yield, melting point, UV-visible spectrum, elemental analysis, infrared spectrum and dyeing performance on nylon 66 and polyester fibres. The percentage dye bath exhaustion on different fibres was found to be reasonably good and acceptable. The dyed fibres showed fair to fairly good to good fastness to light and very good to excellent fastness to washing, rubbing, perspiration and sublimation.

Synthesis and application of novel heterocyclic dyes based on 11-amino-13H-acenaphtho[1,2-e]pyridazino[3,2-b]-quinazoline-13-one

A new fused heterocyclic compound, 11-amino-13H-acenaphtho[1,2-e]pyridazino [3,2-b]quinazolin-13-one was synthesized and used to prepare a novel series of heterocyclic mono azo dyes by coupling with various naphthols. All the mono azo dyes were characterized by their melting point, elemental analysis, UV-visible spectrum, infrared spectrum and dyeing performance on nylon and polyester fibres. The percentage dye bath exhaustion on different fibres was found to be reasonably good and acceptable. The dyed fibres show fair to good fastness to light and very good to excellent fastness to washing, rubbing, perspiration and sublimation.

Synthesis of Novel Azo Dyes Containing the Thiophene Moiety

A series of disperse dyes have been synthesized by diazotation of 2-aminothiophene derivative and coupling with various N-arylmaleimides. The dyes were characterized by IR spectral studies, visible absorption spectra, and elemental analysis. The dyeing performance of these dyes was assessed on nylon fabric. These dyes were found to give yellowish brown to reddish violet shades on dyeing with very good depth, levelness, and brightness on fabric. The percentage dyebath exhaustion and fixation on fabric was found to be very good. The dyed fabric showed poor light fastness and good to excellent fastness to washing, rubbing, perspiration, and sublimation.

Monoazo disperse dyes based on 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives

A series of monoazo disperse dyes based on 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole was prepared by coupling with various N-arylmaleimides. The dyeing performance of these dyes was assessed on nylon fabric. The dyes were found to give yellow to brown colour shades on dyeing with good depth and levelness on nylon fabric. The dyebath exhaustion fixation and fastness properties of the dyes were also determined. The dyed fabric showed moderate to good light fastness and very good to excellent fastness to washing, rubbing, perspiration and sublimation. The IR and visible range spectral properties of the dyes were also determined.

Thiadiazole-Based Monomeric and Polymeric Dyes for Cellulose Triacetate Fiber

A series of monomeric dyes was prepared by diazotization of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole and coupled with various N-arylmaleimides. The polymeric dyes were prepared by free radical polymerization of monomeric dyes and characterized by IR, intrinsic viscosity, molecular weight by vapor pressure osmometry, thermogravimetry analysis, and elemental analysis. The monomeric dyes were also characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectra. The purity of all the dyes were checked by thin layer chromatography and by application on cellulose triacetate fiber as disperse dyes. All the dyes were found to give various color shades with good-to-very good depth and levelness on fiber. The percentage dyebath exhaustion and fixation on fiber was found to be good-to-very good. The dyeing of monomeric dyes showed very good fastness properties, and their corresponding polymeric dyes showed excellent fastness to light, washing, perspiration, solvent resistance, and sublimation.

Synthesis of 2-Azobenzo[b]thiophene Derivatives and Their Application on Nylon Fibre

A series of novel monoazo disperse dyes derived from the coupling of diazotized 2-aminobenzo[b]thiophene derivatives with N-arylmaleimides is described. The monoazo disperse dyes applied to nylon fabric and their dyeing performance has been assessed. These dyes have been found to give light yellow to reddish pink color shades with very good depth and levelness on nylon fabric. The dyed fabric shows moderate light fastness and excellent washing, rubbing, perspiration, and sublimation fastness. The percentage dyebath exhaustion on nylon fabric has been found to be good and acceptable.

Synthesis and Dyeing Performance of Some Novel Heterocyclic Azo Disperse Dyes

The synthesis of some novel heterocyclic azo disperse dyes derived from 5-acetyl-2-amino-4-methylthiazole (1) using various N-alkyl derivatives of aniline (2a-e) and their dyeing performance as disperse dyes have been assessed on polyester and nylon fabrics. The spectral properties of these dyes were measured. The dyed fabrics show moderate to good light fastness, very good rubbing, perspiration, washing fastness and excellent sublimation fastness. These dyes have been found to give bright orange-red colour hues with very good depth and levelness on fabrics. The dyebath exhaustion on fabrics has been found to be very good.

Polymeric dyes based on thiadiazole derivatives

A series of polymeric dyes were synthesized by free radical addition polymerization of monomeric dyes. The 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole was diazotized and coupled with various N-arylmaleimides to give monomeric dyes. All the polymeric dyes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, visible absorption spectroscopy, viscometry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Color and dyeing properties of the polymeric dyes were discussed by comparing them with those of the corresponding monomeric dyes. The dyeing performance of these dyes was assessed on nylon fiber. These dyes were found to give various color shades with good to very good depth and levelness on the fiber. The dyeing of the monomeric dyes showed moderate fastness to light and good to excellent fastness to washing, perspiration and sublimation and their corresponding polymeric dyes showed excellent fastness properties. The dyebath exhaustion and fixation on nylon fiber has been found to be good.

Thiazole based disperse dyes for nylon and polyester fibers

Nine disperse dyes have been synthesized by diazotization of 2-amino-4-(p-nitrophenyl)-5-nitrothiazole and coupled to substituted N-alkylanilines. Spectral properties in the IR and visible range of the dyes obtained were investigated. The dyeing performance of these dyes was assessed on nylon and polyester fibers. These dyes were found to give reddish brown to bluish violet shades on dyeing with very good depth, brightness and levelness on nylon and polyester fibers. The dyed fibers showed fairly good light fastness, very good to excellent fastness to wash, rubbing, perspiration and excellent fastness to sublimation. The dyebath exhaustion and fixation on the fiber were found to be very good.

PH control in the dyeing of polyamide with acid dyes

In this study, we report a number of pH control systems for the dyeing of polyamide fibres in a closed dyeing procedure. These include a phosphate buffer system and four pH sliding systems (ammonium sulphate and three hydrolysable organic esters). The dyeing properties of these systems are compared with their ability to control the pH. In comparison with sodium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium sulphate, hydrolysable organic esters showed a much more effective pH sliding and, consequently, showed higher dyebath exhaustion and colour yields. They also showed very low conductivity, typically less than 0.5 mS. However, no difference in the levelness of the dyed samples among the five acid donors studied was observed and no difference in colour fastness of the dyed fabrics under various pH control systems was detected.

Synthesis and Characterization of Monomeric and Polymeric Disperse Dyes for Hydrophobic Fibres

Some monomeric disperse dyes based on 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole have been synthesized by coupling with derivatives of N-phenylacrylamide. Polymeric dyes have been prepared by free radical polymerization of monomeric dyes and were characterized by IR spectra, Intrinsic viscosity, molecular weight by Vapour Pressure Osmometry, thermogravimetry analysis, bleeding test and elemental analysis. The monomeric dves have been also characterized by IR spectral studies and elemental analysis. The purity of dyes was checked by thin layer chromatography. All the dyes were applied as disperse dyes on nylon and polyester fibres. These dyes have been found to give a wide range of colour shades with very good depth and levelness on each fibre. The percentage dye bath exhaustion on different fibres have been found to be good to very good. The dyed fibres showed good to excellent fastness to light on nylon and polyester fibres. The washing, rubbing, perspiration and sublimation fastness properties of the dyed fibres has been found to be very good to excellent.

Synthesis and application of 2-aminothiadiazole disperse dyes for nylon fabrics

Some disperse dyes based on 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole have been prepared by coupling with various N-arylacrylamides. The dyes were characterized by IR spectral studies and elemental analysis. All the dyes were applied as disperse dyes on nylon fabric. These dyes have been found to give a wide range of color shades with very good depth and levelness on fabrics. The percentage dye bath exhaustion and fixation on the fabric have been found to be very good. The dyied fabrics showed moderate to good light fastness and very good to excellent washing, rubbing, persperation and sublimation fastness properties.

Dyeing of hydrophobic fabrics with disperse dyes

A series of disperse dyes has been synthesized by diazotisation of 2,6-dibromo-4-nitroaniline and coupled with various N-arylmaleimides. The dyes were characterized by IR spectral studies, visible absorption spectroscopy and elemental analysis. All the dyes were applied as disperse dyes on nylon, cellulose triacetate and polyester fabrics. These dyeswere found to give yellowish orange to deep brown shades with very good depth, levelness and brightness on different fabrics. The percentage dye bath exhaustion and fixation on fabrics were found to be very good. The light, washing, rubbing, perspiration and sublimation fastness properties of the dyed fabrics were found to be good to excellent.

Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Monomeric and Polymeric Dispersed Dyes based on Thiophene Derivatives.

A series of novel monomeric dyes has been prepared by diazotization of 2-amino-3-carbethoxy-4, 5-dimethylthiophene and coupled with various N-arylmaleimides. The polymeric dyes were prepared by free radical polymerization of monomeric dyes. The resultant polymeric dyes were characterized by IR spectra, intrinsic viscosity, elemental analysis, number average molecular weight by VPO and thermogravimetry analysis. The monomeric dyes have been also characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectra. The purity of all the dyes were checked by thin layer chromatography and they have been applied on cellulose triacetate fibre as a disperse dye. Colour and dyeability of the polymeric dyes are discussed by comparing them with those of the corresponding monomeric dyes. The dyed fiber showed various colour shades with good to very good depth and levelness. The percentage dyebath exhaustion and fixation of the dyes on the fibre have been found to be good to very good. The light, washing, perspiration, sublimation and solvent fastness properties of the dyed fibre has been found to be very good to excellent.