Dye Removal Efficiency Research Articles

Optimized size and stability of composite CuO–ZnO metal oxide nanoparticles for efficient removal of Reactive Black 5 dye

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe increasing contamination of water bodies with industrial dyes necessitates efficient remediation strategies. CuO–ZnO composite nanoparticles (NPs) have shown promise as adsorbents due to their high surface area, stability, and tunable properties. This study focuses on optimizing the synthesis conditions of CuO‐ZnO NPs via a co‐precipitation method and evaluating their performance for the removal of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye.RESULTSCuO–ZnO composite NPs were synthesized with varied precursor ratios, pH values, temperatures, and reagent addition times to achieve optimal size and stability. Characterization using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, fluorescence, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, vibrating‐sample magnetometry, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis confirmed the structural, optical, and physical properties of the optimized composite. The smallest size and highest stability for a concentration ratio of 50:50 was obtained at pH 11, 80 °C, and a reagent addition time of 5 min. Composite NPs show ferromagnetic behavior. The adsorption efficiency of RB5 dye was studied under different operational parameters, revealing that maximum removal (92%) occurred at pH 2 with a contact time of 60 min. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo‐first‐order model, while equilibrium data aligned with the Freundlich isotherm, indicating multilayer adsorption. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the process.CONCLUSIONThe optimized CuO–ZnO composite NPs demonstrated high efficiency for RB5 dye removal and maintained significant reusability across multiple adsorption–desorption cycles. These findings highlight the potential of CuO–ZnO NPs as an effective and sustainable adsorbent for wastewater treatment. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Efficient Removal of Cationic Dye Using Rice Straw‐Derived Cellulose Nanocrystal‐Based Adsorptive Nanocomposite Membranes

AbstractThis work demonstrates the development of adsorptive nanocomposite membranes for the efficient removal of cationic dye from water. The bio‐based adsorptive membrane is prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polydopamine (PDA)‐modified cellulose nanocrystals (PDA@CNCs) supported on a Whatman filter paper via vacuum filtration. The structural characterizations, surface morphology, effects of different operational parameters on methylene blue (MB) dye adsorption by the PVA/PDA@CNC membranes are evaluated. The synthesized membrane with PVA to PDA@CNC feed ratio at 50/50 (PVA/PDA@CNC‐50/50) achieved 98.2% removal efficiency and 1.18 mg g−1 adsorption capacity in 48 h. under the optimized conditions. The adsorption study under shaking at 150 RPM speed further enhanced the membrane performance, exhibiting 93.2% removal efficiency within 8 h of contact time. Regeneration studies demonstrated that the PVA/PDA@CNC = 50/50 membrane maintained over 95% removal efficiency even after five adsorption‐desorption cycles. The pseudo second‐order model best described the kinetics of the adsorption process of the nanocomposite membranes. The experimental data also fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model predicting that the adsorbent has multilayer adsorption sites on its heterogeneous surface. The nanocomposite membrane also shows good removal performance for Janus Green B, thus displaying its versatility in adsorbing different cationic dyes from water.

Valorization of banana peel into activated carbon for efficient and sustainable dye removal in textile industry

Valorization of banana peel into activated carbon for efficient and sustainable dye removal in textile industry

Effective removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solution using polyethersulfone based membrane reinforced by montmorillonite

The study highlights the development and characterization of a novel polymeric membrane composed of montmorillonite (MMT) and polyethersulfone (PES) using the phase inversion process. The membrane incorporates polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a pore-forming agent and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent. The addition of MMT significantly enhances the membrane's properties, including hydrophilicity, porosity, antifouling capacity, hydraulic resistance, water uptake, and dye removal efficiency. Characterization techniques such as FT-IR spectroscopy, FE-SEM, EDX spectroscopy, water flux measurements, water uptake analysis, contact angle studies, and fouling assessments confirm the improved performance of the PES/MMT composite membrane. The presence of MMT increases the negative surface charge of the membrane, making it particularly effective in removing anionic dyes like Congo red (CR), Quinoline yellow (QY), and Methyl orange (MO). The study demonstrates that membranes with up to 5 wt% MMT exhibit high porosity (68.2%) and enhanced water flux (35 L/m2·h), achieving dye rejection rates of 99% for CR, 92% for MO, and 81% for QY. The integration of MMT into PES membranes presents a significant advancement in sustainable water purification technologies. These modified membranes demonstrate enhanced mechanical strength, improved structural stability, and an increased surface area, making them highly effective for dye adsorption. Compared to traditional materials, PES/MMT membranes exhibit superior performance in wastewater treatment and dye removal, offering a promising and eco-friendly alternative for addressing environmental challenges.

Facile Synthesis and Characterization of SrCO3/MgO/CaO/CaCO3 Novel Nanocomposite for Efficient Removal of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Media

Crystal violet dye poses significant environmental and human health risks due to its toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulative nature. It contributes to potential carcinogenicity, cytotoxicity, and systemic toxicity upon human exposure. To address this issue, a novel SrCO3/MgO/CaO/CaCO3 nanocomposite was synthesized using the Pechini sol-gel method, producing AE500 and AE700 at 500 and 700 °C, respectively, for the efficient removal of crystal violet dye from aqueous media. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of crystalline phases, with average crystallite sizes of 64.53 nm for AE500 and 75.34 nm for AE700. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) revealed elemental compositions with variations in carbon, oxygen, magnesium, calcium, and strontium percentages influenced by synthesis temperature. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showed morphological differences, where AE500 had irregular polyhedral structures, while AE700 exhibited more compact spherical formations, with average grain sizes of 99.98 and 132.23 nm, respectively. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) confirmed the structural integrity and nano-scale morphology, showing aggregated irregularly shaped particles in AE500, while AE700 displayed well-defined polyhedral and nearly spherical nanoparticles. The calculated average particle diameters were 21.67 nm for AE500 and 41.19 nm for AE700, demonstrating an increase in particle size with temperature. Adsorption studies demonstrated maximum capacities of 230.41 mg/g for AE500 and 189.39 mg/g for AE700. The adsorption process was exothermic, spontaneous, and physical, following the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm, indicating monolayer adsorption onto a homogenous surface.

Enhancing Water Desalination and Dye Removal Efficiency through the Integration of a Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Intermediate Layer in Polyamide Thin-Film Nanofibrous Composite Membranes

Enhancing Water Desalination and Dye Removal Efficiency through the Integration of a Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Intermediate Layer in Polyamide Thin-Film Nanofibrous Composite Membranes

Efficient dye removal via self-supported Bi2MoO6/CF: PMS activation mechanism and photodegradation pathway

Efficient dye removal via self-supported Bi2MoO6/CF: PMS activation mechanism and photodegradation pathway

Silver nanowires/chitosan-derived porous carbon sheets nanocomposite for the efficient removal of crystal violet and methylene blue dyes from wastewater

Silver nanowires/chitosan-derived porous carbon sheets nanocomposite for the efficient removal of crystal violet and methylene blue dyes from wastewater

Hairy chitin nanocrystals: Sustainable adsorbents for efficient removal of organic dyes.

Hairy chitin nanocrystals: Sustainable adsorbents for efficient removal of organic dyes.

Electrospun nanofiber chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol loaded with metal organic framework nanofiber for efficient adsorption and removal of industrial dyes from waste water: Adsorption isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic, and optimization via Box-Behnken design.

Electrospun nanofiber chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol loaded with metal organic framework nanofiber for efficient adsorption and removal of industrial dyes from waste water: Adsorption isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic, and optimization via Box-Behnken design.

Multifunctional quaternary ammonium-modified TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers and MIL-100 with encapsulated laccase for efficient removal of anionic arund cationic dyes in wastewater.

Multifunctional quaternary ammonium-modified TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers and MIL-100 with encapsulated laccase for efficient removal of anionic arund cationic dyes in wastewater.

Advancements in water remediation: Harnessing PAni-based carbon composites for efficient dyes removal

Advancements in water remediation: Harnessing PAni-based carbon composites for efficient dyes removal

A comparative analysis of single-step and multi-step methods for producing magnetic activated carbon from palm kernel shells: Adsorption of methyl orange dye

Abstract Synthetic dyes in wastewater present a challenging problem that requires special attention due to the high environmental risks, and magnetic adsorbents appear as promising alternatives to solve it. Magnetic activated carbons (MAC) were prepared by comparing single- and multi-step methods. Palm kernel shells were used as precursors, activated with ZnCl2, and then magnetized by adding a solution containing Fe3+ ions (FeCl3). Iron compound inclusion aims to enhance the effectiveness of activated carbon as an adsorbent for liquid waste. Fourier transform infra-red characterization showed that the functional groups detected on the activated carbon and MAC were O–H, C═O, C═C, C≡N, and C–O. The effect of preparation methods and dye concentration (10–30 mg·L−1) on adsorption and kinetics were investigated. Characterization showed that MAC prepared through multi-step pyrolysis (M-MAC) has larger pores, achieving an adsorption capacity of up to 6.953 mg·g−1 with a 28% dye removal efficiency, making it superior in adsorption performance. Furthermore, the adsorption data fitted well with the Redlich–Peterson isotherm model with R 2 = 0.9788 for M-MAC, while the adsorption kinetics agreed well with both the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. Moreover, NaOH successfully recovered MAC with desorption efficiencies of up to 98.34%.

Enhanced dye removal performance of yellow stone waste powder via cadmium iron oxide coating and study of its mechanism.

The rapid growth of the global population has led to an increased demand for various industrial products, resulting in a significant escalation of synthetic dye usage in industries. The persistence of stable dyes poses a severe environmental threat. Conventional wastewater treatment methods face limitations, emphasizing the need for efficient and cost-effective solutions to tackle the high organic pollution, toxicity, and aesthetic issues caused by dye contamination. An abundantly available yellow stone powder (YSP) in its original and calcinized yellow stone powder (CYSP) was used effectively in dye removal. A good dye removal capacity was observed at optimized conditions. At optimized pH 5, dose of 0.005g/10mL, dye concentration of 50ppm and temperature of 40°C, the obtained adsorption capacities were 97.8 and 98.5mg/g for the original and CYSP, respectively. To enhance dye removal capacity further, CYSP and iron cadmium oxide composite (CYSP-FeCdO composite) having magnetic properties and porous structure was prepared. The study emphasized the need to adopt low-cost, sustainable adsorbents for efficient acid green dye removal, addressing the critical issue of industrial water pollution. The findings pave the way for environmentally responsible measures to prevent water pollution, promote a healthy environment, and protect valuable water resources.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERZATION OF METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK FOR THE REMOVAL OF CONGO RED DYE FROM WATER

This article discusses the synthesis and structural characteristics of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), specifically ZIF-8 and ZIF-67, and their potential applications in the removal of toxic organic pollutants from water. These materials belong to the class of porous coordination polymers, which have attracted attention due to their unique crystalline structure, high specific surface area, and potential for tunable porosity and functional groups. Special emphasis is placed on studying the adsorption properties of ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 using the removal of the toxic anionic dye Congo red from aqueous solutions as an example, allowing an evaluation of their effectiveness as adsorbents. Research has shown that both materials exhibit high adsorption capacities, amounting to 74.15 mg/g for ZIF-8 and 81.27 mg/g for ZIF-67, attributed to the ability of dye molecules to penetrate the porous structure of the frameworks. The adsorption of Congo red corresponds to the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating predominantly monolayer interactions with the adsorbent surface. Kinetic analysis showed that ZIF-67 achieves 53.8% dye removal efficiency in 24 hours, while ZIF-8 achieves 46.6%, confirming the significant potential of these materials in chemical and environmental engineering for effective wastewater treatment.

Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Analcime/Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Silicate Nanocomposite for Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Media

Methylene blue dye, commonly used in various industries, poses significant risks to both human health and the environment due to its persistence, toxicity, and potential to disrupt aquatic ecosystems. Exposure can cause severe health conditions such as methemoglobinemia, while its stability and solubility allow it to persist in natural water systems, reducing oxygen levels and harming aquatic life. In this study, novel analcime/sodium magnesium aluminum silicon silicate nanocomposites (Z1 and Z2) were synthesized via a controlled hydrothermal method, where Z1 and Z2 were synthesized in the absence and presence of polyethylene glycol as a template, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of crystalline phases of analcime and sodium magnesium aluminum silicon silicate. The average crystallite size of the Z1 nanocomposite is 75.30 nm, whereas the Z2 nanocomposite exhibits a smaller average crystallite size of 60.27 nm due to the template effect. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) revealed that Z2 exhibited more uniform and well-dispersed particles compared to Z1. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the elemental composition, showing higher sodium content and optimized incorporation of aluminum and silicon in Z2. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) demonstrated that Z2 had well-defined spherical particles, indicating improved structural control. The maximum adsorption capacities were 230.95 mg/g for Z1 and 290.69 mg/g for Z2. The adsorption process was exothermic, spontaneous, and chemical in nature, following the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm, confirming monolayer adsorption on homogeneous surfaces.

Zinc Bismuthate Nanoparticles Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets for Fast and Efficient Removal of Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 Dye from Water

Zinc Bismuthate Nanoparticles Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets for Fast and Efficient Removal of Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 Dye from Water

Adsorption of methylene blue dye in the thiol-norbornene crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel surface: a molecular dynamics study.

Methylene blue, a widely used dye in various industries, poses significant environmental and health risks when released into water bodies. The experimental methods, while effective for studying the adsorption of dye on a macroscopic level, lack the atomic-level insights necessary to fully understand the process which can be studied using molecular dynamics simulations. This study investigates the adsorption mechanism of methylene blue on thiol-norbornene crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel surfaces using MD simulations for the first time. This adsorption behavior is characterized by analyzing hydrogen bonding, radial distribution function (RDF), mean square displacements, and dye removal efficiency. The hydrogen bonding analysis shows consistent stability of the hydrogel network across different pH conditions. The RDF analysis indicates dissociation of the methylene blue molecule, with the cationic part adsorbing onto PVA's hydroxyl groups and the chloride ion exhibits preferential association with the ions in the pH medium. The mean square displacement result suggests a lower diffusion of methylene blue in pH 12.0 which can enhance the rate of adsorption. These findings provide crucial insights into the molecular-level interactions governing dye adsorption on crosslinked PVA hydrogels.

Development of a Semi-IPN xerogel composite from eggshell, hydroxyapatite, and chitosan for efficient dye removal in aqueous media

Development of a Semi-IPN xerogel composite from eggshell, hydroxyapatite, and chitosan for efficient dye removal in aqueous media

Synthesis of MnO2@2DrGO hybrid nanocomposite for efficient removal of hazardous textile dyes from water

Synthesis of MnO2@2DrGO hybrid nanocomposite for efficient removal of hazardous textile dyes from water