Dust Concentration Research Articles

A new factor of dynamic lighting schedule on dust production in commercial laying hen house.

A new factor of dynamic lighting schedule on dust production in commercial laying hen house.

Image-based dust quantification: a novel approach using texture and color features.

Image-based dust quantification: a novel approach using texture and color features.

Improving short-term forecasting of surface dust concentration in Northern China: Integrating machine learning with multi-numerical models

Improving short-term forecasting of surface dust concentration in Northern China: Integrating machine learning with multi-numerical models

Enhancing dust concentration monitoring in high particulate matter environments: A dual-light source particulate matter sensor approach based on Mie scattering

Enhancing dust concentration monitoring in high particulate matter environments: A dual-light source particulate matter sensor approach based on Mie scattering

Performance of a low-cost optical particle counter (Alphasense OPC-N3) in estimating size-resolved dust emission flux using eddy covariance

Abstract. The recent development of low-cost optical particle counters (OPCs) presents new opportunities for improving spatial coverage of particle concentration in the atmosphere as they are more affordable, compact, and energy efficient than traditional OPCs. In particular, these OPCs could improve our ability to quantify dust emissions in complex environments during aeolian soil erosion. The high-frequency sampling capacity (1 Hz) of some sensors may make them suitable for estimating dust emissions using the eddy-covariance method. Here, the capability of the low-cost OPC-N3 from Alphasense to estimate size-resolved dust flux using the eddy-covariance method is evaluated. During the Jordan Wind erosion And Dust Investigation (J-WADI) experiment, we tested one OPC-N3 against two traditional reference OPCs, the Promo and Fidas, from Palas GmbH. The N3 and Promo OPCs were located in close proximity to a sonic anemometer, enabling the correlation of dust concentration and vertical velocity fluctuations for estimating dust fluxes. Despite the high-temperature and dusty wind conditions of the campaign, the N3 monitored the dynamics and magnitude of dust concentration with reasonable precision. The turbulence characteristics of the dust concentration fluctuations measured by the N3, including variance, skewness, kurtosis, and energy spectrum, were similar to those from the Promo. However, the N3 flow rate exhibited variations under these outdoor conditions that affected the concentration of fine dust particles, and certain particles around 1 µm appeared to be misclassified in the upper size bin. After correcting the N3 dust concentration to address these discrepancies and after calibrating it against a reference OPC, the N3 accurately estimated the dust emission flux, with differences of less than 30 % compared to the reference OPC. Our results confirm the potential of low-cost OPCs for dust erosion research. Nonetheless, further evaluation of low-cost OPCs is still needed across different environments and weather conditions.

Properties of Interstellar Medium in the S0 Galaxy NGC 1222: Evidence for Shock-enhanced Line Emission

Abstract In this paper, we present a comprehensive study on the properties of the interstellar medium in NGC 1222, a star-forming early-type merging galaxy that forms a triple system, using optical and far-infrared spectroscopic, and multiband photometric data. The fit to the spectral energy distribution reveals a high dust content in the galaxy, with a dust-to-stellar mass ratio of M dust/M ⋆ ∼ 3.3 × 10−3 that is 40–90 times larger than the mean value of local S0 galaxies. By comparing the observed optical emission line ratios to shock models, we suggest that a merger-induced shock, which is further supported by the higher-than-average [O i] 63 μm- and [C ii] 158 μm-to-PAH ratios, plays a role in heating the gas in NGC 1222. We also show evidence for gas inflow by analyzing the kinematic properties of NGC 1222.

Research on the impact factors and optimisation of dust concentration measurement techniques employing oscillating balance method

Abstract Dust accumulation in industrial settings can cause dust explosions, endangering worker safety, operational security, and occupational health, including pneumoconiosis. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the dust concentration in real time. This study optimises an oscillating balance sensor to improve the accuracy of dust concentration monitoring. We start by using an innovative, staggered coil installation method to effectively lower the magnetic coupling interference between the coils. This technique lowers the proportion of the magnetic coupling interference signal from 51% to 17%, which greatly improves the accuracy and stability of the measurements. Second, combining simulation and experiment allows one to alter the structural dimensions and materials of the oscillating element; hence, the mass sensitivity of the sensor reaches 0.624 Hz mg−1. Finally, experiments exploring the influence of temperature on the sensor reveal that invar alloy is selected as the material of the oscillating element, while improvements to the filter membrane assembly and fixed boundary lower the overall temperature drift to 0.023 Hz K−1. The phase-locking issue brought on by external noise is efficiently managed by the optimum sensor together with the phase-locking scheme based on an analogue multiplier. Following experimental validation, the relative error of the dust concentration measurement is no more than 5%, the steady-state error is under control at ±0.1 mg m−3, and the measurement accuracy meets the performance requirements of the application in the manufacturing sector.

Quantitative Assessment of Road Dust Suspension Based on Variations in Asphalt Pavement Surface Texture

This study explores the correlation between road surface texture, including microtexture (texture depth) and macrotexture (wavelength) in asphalt pavement, and suspended dust generation on asphalt pavements. A detailed analysis of various pavement types, including Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) and porous pavement, was conducted to assess their impact on dust load and concentration. For HMA pavements, deeper texture depths led to a higher dust load and concentration, attributed to the impermeable nature of the material, which causes dust to become easily suspended in the air. Conversely, porous pavements, which have air gaps in their surface layers, showed reduced dust suspension despite a higher dust load, due to the ability of these voids to trap dust and minimize air-pumping effects from tire–road contact. The study found that a macrotexture depth (MTD) exceeding 1.7 mm stabilized dust concentration, while higher surface wavelengths and silt load (sL) values above 0.1 g/m2 significantly contributed to dust suspension. These findings suggest that optimizing road surface texture and aggregate size, considering the voids and depth, can help reduce suspended dust, providing a balance between road safety and environmental management. This research offers valuable insights for designing pavements that mitigate air pollution while maintaining functional performance.

A Raman spectroscopic method for measuring the crystalline silica content in coal dust.

A Raman spectroscopic method for measuring the crystalline silica content in coal dust.

Distribution and partitioning behavior of phthalate esters (PAEs) and non-phthalate ester plasticizers (NPPs) in a home from Northern China.

Distribution and partitioning behavior of phthalate esters (PAEs) and non-phthalate ester plasticizers (NPPs) in a home from Northern China.

Dust density enhancements and the direct formation of planetary cores in gravitationally unstable discs

ABSTRACT Planet formation via core accretion involves the growth of solids that can accumulate to form planetary cores. There are a number of barriers to the collisional growth of solids in protostellar discs, one of which is the drift, or metre, barrier. Solid particles experience a drag force that will tend to cause them to drift towards the central star in smooth, laminar discs, potentially removing particles before they grow large enough to decouple from the disc gas. Here we present 3D, shearing box simulations that explore the dynamical evolution of solids in a protostellar disc that is massive enough for the gravitational instability to manifest as spiral density waves. We expand on earlier work by considering a range of particle sizes and find that the spirals can still enhance the local solid density by more than an order of magnitude, potentially aiding grain growth. Furthermore, if solid particles have enough mass, and the particle size distribution extends to sufficiently large particle sizes, the solid component of the disc can undergo direct gravitational collapse to form bound clumps with masses typically between 1 and 10 M$_\oplus$. Thus, the concentration of dust in a self-gravitating disc could bypass the size barrier for collisional growth and directly form planetary cores early in the lifetime of the disc.

Turbulence in protoplanetary disks: A systematic analysis of dust settling in 33 disks

The level of dust vertical settling and radial dust concentration in protoplanetary disks is of critical importance for understanding the efficiency of planet formation. Here, we present the first uniform analysis of the vertical extent of millimeter dust for a representative sample of 33 protoplanetary disks, covering broad ranges of disk evolutionary stages and stellar masses. We used radiative transfer modeling of archival high-angular-resolution (≲0.1″) ALMA dust observations of inclined and ringed disks to estimate their vertical dust scale height, which was compared to estimated gas scale heights to characterize the level of vertical sedimentation. In all 23 systems for which constraints could be obtained, we find that the outer parts of the disks are vertically settled. Five disks allow for the characterization of the dust scale height both within and outside approximately half the dust disk radius, showing a lower limit on their dust heights at smaller radii. This implies that the ratio between vertical turbulence, αz, and the Stokes number, αz/St, decreases radially in these sources. For 21 rings in 15 disks, we also constrained the level of radial concentration of the dust, finding that about half of the rings are compatible with strong radial trapping. In most of these rings, vertical turbulence is found to be comparable to or weaker than radial turbulence, which is incompatible with the turbulence generated by the vertical shear instability at these locations. We further used our dust settling constraints to estimate the turbulence level under the assumption that the dust size is limited by fragmentation, finding typical upper limits around αfrag ≲ 10−3. In a few sources, we find that turbulence cannot be the main source of accretion. Finally, in the context of pebble accretion, we identify several disk regions that have upper limits on their dust concentration that would allow core formation to proceed efficiently, even at wide orbital distances outside of 50 au.

Recent Patents on Device or System Innovation in Pneumatic Conveying

Coal is mostly stored in coal bunkers. As the amount of coal in the bunker increases, the concentration of coal dust inside the bunker also increases, making it susceptible to accidents such as fires and explosions. Additionally, the leakage of coal dust particles can cause significant environmental pollution in the surrounding area, leading to resource wastage. To improve energy efficiency, reduce material transport dust concentration, and protect the surrounding environment, the efficient, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly characteristics of pneumatic conveying systems are utilized. This is achieved through the use of anti-dust telescopic pipeline equipment (DTPE), which effectively prevents external dust particles from entering the telescopic pipeline, thus reducing mechanical wear. In environments with high coal dust concentration, a coal particle pneumatic conveying storage system based on DTPE is used to extend the service life of pneumatic conveying pipelines and effectively reduce the coal dust concentration within the storage bin. This study reviews the patents and research achievements of scholars in the field of pneumatic conveying and focuses on the anti-dust telescopic pipeline equipment (DTPE) and the coal particle pneumatic conveying storage system based on DTPE. Experiments using pneumatic conveying, screw conveyors, and belt conveyors are conducted to compare conveying time and efficiency. Dust reduction experiments are carried out in the coal bunker to verify the dust reduction effect of the coal particle pneumatic conveying storage system based on DTPE. The anti-dust telescopic pipeline equipment (DTPE) features a telescopic shell to protect the telescopic pipeline, effectively reducing mechanical wear caused by coal particles entering the gaps in the pipeline during pneumatic conveying. The coal particle pneumatic conveying storage system based on DTPE includes a cyclone dust removal system and a dynamic monitoring system, which monitors the temperature inside the bin and reduces the coal dust concentration, thereby minimizing the occurrence of safety accidents. Through experimental verification, the coal particle pneumatic conveying storage system based on DTPE is found to be suitable for environments with high coal dust concentrations. The anti-dust telescopic pipeline equipment (DTPE) and the coal particle pneumatic conveying storage system based on DTPE achieve the automated feeding, dust removal, return, and discharge of coal particles. They offer advantages such as high system automation, minimal environmental pollution, and high coal transport rates, providing design references for the pneumatic conveying of coal and other ore particle materials.

Evaluation of emission factors for resuspended tire-wear particles in urban road dust using empirical model-based methods.

Evaluation of emission factors for resuspended tire-wear particles in urban road dust using empirical model-based methods.

Intensified glacial conditions drove the long-term decrease of the hematite content of Asian dust in an icehouse world

Intensified glacial conditions drove the long-term decrease of the hematite content of Asian dust in an icehouse world

Dust in the wind of outbursting young stars

Context. Young stellar objects (YSOs) have been observed to undergo powerful accretion events known as FU Orionis outbursts (FUors). These types of episodic accretion events are now considered to be commonplace during low-mass star formation, wherein accretion onto the protostar occurs through a surrounding centrifugal disk. Increasing evidence suggests that the magnetic disk winds are crucial for driving disk accretion, as they carry both mass and momentum away from the disk. Aims. We aim to investigate the phenomenon of the ejection of magnetic disk winds during episodic accretion, with a focus on the dust contained within these winds. Methods. We conducted magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the formation and evolution of a protoplanetary disk (PPD) in the thin-disk limit. We included the evolution of dust with two populations and a realistic prescription for viscosity during outbursts, which depends on the local thermal ionization fraction. The disk evolves with the concurrent action of viscosity, self-gravity, and magnetic disk winds. Results. The simulated disk exhibits outbursting behavior in the early stages, with the duration and frequency of the bursts, their rise times, and brightness amplitudes resembling the properties observed for FUors. We find that during the outbursts, the winds are over an order of magnitude more dusty, as compared to in quiescence. However, despite this increased dust content, the winds are still dust-depleted as the dust-to-gas ratio is about an order of magnitude lower than the canonical interstellar value of 0.01. The results of our numerical experiments are in general agreement with the available observational findings, shedding light on the mechanism behind the production of dusty winds during outbursting events in YSOs.

A hybrid framework for estimating photovoltaic dust content based on UAV hyperspectral images

A hybrid framework for estimating photovoltaic dust content based on UAV hyperspectral images

Analytical Approach to Enhancing Efficiency of Silt Loading Collection in EPA Vacuum Sweep Method Using K-Means Clustering

This study explores the application of K-means clustering to optimize the selection of sampling locations for suspended silt loading (sL) on asphalt pavements, addressing the limitations of traditional random sampling methods in the EPA method. The objective was to identify reliable sampling points for road dust concentration measurement, with a focus on improving the accuracy of data collection using the vacuum sweep method. The elbow method was used to determine the optimal number of clusters, revealing that three clusters were ideal for 25 m intervals and five for 100 m intervals. The clustering analysis identified specific sampling locations within the 25 m and 100 m road sections, such as 1.5–4.5 m and 12–18 m, and 15–18 m, 39–42 m, 57 m, 69 m, and 87 m, respectively, which adequately captured sL characteristics. The silhouette score of 0.6247 confirmed the effectiveness of the clustering method in distinguishing distinct groups with similar sL characteristics. The comparison of clustered versus non-clustered sections across 15 pavement segments showed an error rate of approximately 6%. Properly selecting sampling points ensures more accurate dust concentration data, which is crucial for effective road maintenance and environmental management. The findings highlight that optimizing the sampling process can significantly enhance the precision of dust monitoring, especially in areas with varying sL characteristics.

Assessment of the chemical resistance of concrete with an additive based on granite dust and acrylic latex

The object of the study is the chemical resistance of concrete modified with granite dust and acrylic latex. The materials used in the study were concrete samples with a variable composition of additive components, which were subsequently exposed to an aggressive environment. The problem, which the research is aimed at solving, is the tendency of concrete structures to fail under prolonged exposure to acidic conditions, which significantly reduces their service life. This research aims to address this issue by incorporating modifying additives that improve concrete’s resistance to chemical attack. The experimental program involved testing concrete specimens with different concentrations of granite dust (1–4 % by cement mass) and acrylic latex (0.1–0.4 % by water mass) in a 10 % sulfuric acid solution for up to 360 days. Strength loss was assessed at regular intervals, and chemical resistance coefficients were calculated to evaluate durability. Additionally, long-term degradation predictions were made using logarithmic models. The results show that the optimal composition – 4 % granite dust and 0.4 % acrylic latex –significantly improves chemical resistance, with specimens retaining up to 49 % of their initial strength after 100 years of exposure. The enhancement is attributed to the densification effect of granite dust, which reduces permeability, and the hydrophobizing properties of acrylic latex, which minimize acid penetration. Compared to unmodified concrete, the proposed composition demonstrates lower strength loss and higher durability under aggressive conditions. The proposed modified composition offers a reliable solution for extending the service life of reinforced concrete structures exposed to chemical degradation

Paparan Debu Total Pada Pekerja Produksi Terhadap Penyakit Akibat Kerja di PT Wijaya Karya Beton Tbk. Pasuruan

Dust exposure in the concrete industry is one of the major occupational health risk factors, particularly related to respiratory disorders among workers. Total dust containing fine particles can enter the respiratory system and lead to various health issues, ranging from mild irritation to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) over the long term. This study aims to analyze the level of total dust exposure among production workers at PT Wijaya Karya Beton Tbk. and evaluate the effectiveness of the control measures implemented. The research method involved measuring total dust concentrations in several production areas and comparing the results with the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) established in the Indonesian Ministry of Manpower Regulation No. 5 of 2018. The findings indicate that the measured total dust levels remain below the allowable limit (<10 mg/m³). However, preventive actions are still necessary to ensure a healthy and safe work environment. Control efforts such as natural ventilation, water spraying, and the use of protective masks have been implemented by the company. Nevertheless, regular monitoring and further evaluation are required to enhance the effectiveness of worker protection. This study highlights the importance of consistently applying occupational safety and health (OSH) systems and emphasizes the need for education and training for workers regarding dust exposure risks and appropriate preventive measures.