Duplicate Words Research Articles

Analysis of duplicate words in the short story of “Love You Forever” authored by Chanthy Duensavanh

In a study, the researchers have focused on two-syllable duplicate words of the short story “Love You Forever” authored by Chanthy Duensavanh. The objective of the research is to study the structures and compliment characteristics of two-syllable duplicate words used in the story. The methodology of the research is qualitative, and the results have been reported through analysis and interpretation. Remarkably, two-syllable duplicate words used by the writer, Chanthy Duensavanh, have an appropriate meaning for various situations. The researchers have found that, for two-syllable duplicate words, a total of 55 words with 3 different construction types:16 words of a noun-type structure (equal to 29.09%). In this type, 3 various constructions were evident: the noun and noun model type, the noun and verb model type, and the noun and adjective model type. 26 words (equal to 47.27%) were constructed as verb-type structures. The verb type includes 2 model types: verb and verb model type and verb and adjective model type. Researchers have also found 13 words (equal to 23.63%) of adjective type, which includes 3 model types: adjective and noun, adjective and verb, and adjective and adjective. The structures of duplicate words of the verb type occurred more other types. Regarding the compliment characteristics, the two-syllable duplicate words in the short story “Love You Forever” had three different characteristics: those with the same meaning (a total of 29 words, or 52.72%); those with a similar or opposite meaning (a total of 26 words, or 45.45%); and those with an opposite meaning (only 1 word, or 1.81%). Duplicate words with a similar meaning were used more when compared to other compliment types.

Improving semantic coverage of data-to-text generation model using dynamic memory networks

AbstractThis paper proposes a sequence-to-sequence model for data-to-text generation, called DM-NLG, to generate a natural language text from structured nonlinguistic input. Specifically, by adding a dynamic memory module to the attention-based sequence-to-sequence model, it can store the information that leads to generate previous output words and use it to generate the next word. In this way, the decoder part of the model is aware of all previous decisions, and as a result, the generation of duplicate words or incomplete semantic concepts is prevented. To improve the generated sentences quality by the DM-NLG decoder, a postprocessing step is performed using the pretrained language models. To prove the effectiveness of the DM-NLG model, we performed experiments on five different datasets and observed that our proposed model is able to reduce the slot error rate rate by 50% and improve the BLEU by 10%, compared to the state-of-the-art models.

좋은 교사와 좋은 수업에 관한 예비 보육교사의 인식

This study tried to concentrate on good classes and good teachers as preliminary child care teachers, and conducted the research with the expectation that good educational values could be implanted in preliminary child care teachers in the future. The research participants were 24 college students. Quantitative statistical and qualitative research method were conducted to investigate the preliminary child care teachers’ perception of good teachers and good classes. As a result of analyzing by jamovi 1.6.23, the most frequent words used as good teachers were warm-heart (6.3%), love (5.4%), kindness (4.6%), listening attentively (4.6%), and respect (4.2%). A total of 47 words related to good classes were expressed, and 151 words including duplicate words were expressed. The words that appeared as a good class were pleasant (5.9%), full of laughter (5.9%), cooperative (5.9%), early young children-centered (5.3%), interesting (5.3%), and creativity (4.6%).
 As a result of analyzing the descriptive responses on the perception of good teachers, it was classified into a total of three categories. First, a teacher with good character. Second, a teacher who gives love and happiness. Third, a good interactive teacher. As a result of analyzing the descriptive responses on the perception of good classes, it was classified into a total of three categories. First, a class where safety is paramount. Second, an early young children-centered, play-centered class. Third, an interactive class.
 This study is meaningful because it was able to learn about the ideas related to the qualities and attitudes to be possessed as a preliminary child care teachers and the contents that are valued for good teaching through the preliminary child care teachers’ perception of good teacher and good classes.

Special vocabulary ofLifliandskaia ekonomiia by M. Lomonosov in comparison with Stratagema oeconomicum by S. Gubert

«Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Язык и литература» — научно-теоретический журнал, публикующий научно-исследовательские статьи и критические научные рецензии на русском и английском языках, призванные отразить актуальную проблематику современной лингвистики, литературоведения и междисциплинарных гуманитарных исследований, а также представить многообразие существующих здесь подходов и плюрализм мнений исследователей.

한의학 경전의 중언 연구 : ≪黃帝內經·靈樞≫를 중심으로

There are 78 duplicate words in “HuangDiNeiJingLingShu"≪黃帝內經⋅靈樞≫), and among them, 濯濯, 漯漯, 蒼蒼appear three times respectively. 渾渾, 熇熇, 憺憺, 臨臨, 喝喝, 洒洒, 嚮嚮, 䀮䀮, 敦敦, 隨隨, 監監, 廉廉appear two times each. And 冥冥 腄腄 淡淡 吤吤 膨膨 惕惕 焞焞 吸吸 貞貞 沈沈 谷谷 淅淅 嗇嗇 灼灼 滄滄 溱溱 央央 輕輕 懦懦 亭亭 淳淳 逢逢 漉漉 堂堂 佗佗 遺遺 推推 栝栝 核核 肌肌 慆慆 鮫鮫 支支 頤頤 婉婉 坎坎 樞樞 兀兀 脫脫 嚴嚴 延延 頰頰 紆紆 潔潔 安安 䐜䐜 高高 湛湛 于于 小小 惧惧 欣欣 謙謙 黮黮 軒軒 儲儲 委委 顒顒 愉愉 眩眩 豆豆 紛紛 皅皅, all of them are used only once. Duplicate words have the role of predicate as 懦懦 監監 廉廉 輕輕 央央 臨臨 蒼蒼 吸吸 焞焞 惕惕 喝喝 吤吤 慆慆 肌肌 核核 推推 隨隨 遺遺 佗佗 熇熇 淳淳 亭亭 潔潔 紆紆 延延 嚴嚴 脫脫 兀兀 坎坎 敦敦 支支 頤頤 鮫鮫 愉愉 豆豆 䁢䁢 婉婉 栝栝 委委 儲儲 紛紛 顒顒 高高 安安 瀫瀫 沉沉 嚮嚮 惕惕 䀮䀮 嗇嗇 樞樞 頰頰 湛湛 于于 謙謙 軒軒 憺憺 腄腄 澹澹 䐜䐜 膨膨 渾渾 漯漯. Some are adverbial modifiers like 淅淅 憺憺 黮黮 臨臨 濯濯 貞貞 喝喝 洒洒 冥冥. There are attributives as 漉漉 渾渾 小小 熇熇 堂堂 逢逢. There are objectives such as 欣欣 懼懼 滄滄 灼灼. Still there are verbal complements like 濯濯 溱溱. The meaning of duplicate words is basically the ‘ traits of pulse, the ‘symptom of illness’ or the ‘characteristics of body and mind of patients’.

Resolution of Ellipses in Coordinate Noun Phrases

A coordinate noun phrases connects two words or phrases together via a coordinate conjunction. The duplicate words of conjunctions are mainly omitted. This structure often occurs in the science literature. And this makes it difficult to understand of the sentence. Our research is motivated by the need to reduce the costs of misunderstandings that can occur during NER. We propose a method for resolving coordinate noun phrases with simple or complex ellipses using rules and dataset. And we describe a method to automatically build dataset. This method is applicable to a general-purpose in various fields. Our dataset effectively is used to distinguish between high and low modifier attachment. We reported on a set of experimental results to evaluate the performance of our approach. The results show that our system can efficiently resolve coordinate noun phrases. And we are sure that the method can resolve ellipses in various domains.

Neural networks discover a near-identity relation to distinguish simple syntactic forms

Computer simulations show that an unstructured neural-network model [Shultz, T. R., & Bale, A. C. (2001). Infancy, 2, 501---536] covers the essential features?of infant learning of simple grammars in an artificial language [Marcus, G. F., Vijayan, S., Bandi Rao, S., & Vishton, P. M. (1999). Science, 283, 77---80], and generalizes to examples both outside and inside of the range of training sentences. Knowledge-representation analyses confirm that these networks discover that duplicate words in the sentences are nearly identical and that they use this near-identity relation to distinguish sentences that are consistent or inconsistent with a familiar grammar. Recent simulations that were claimed to show that this model did not really learn these grammars [Vilcu, M., & Hadley, R. F. (2005). Minds and Machines, 15, 359---382] confounded syntactic types with speech sounds and did not perform standard statistical tests of results.

Diagnostic messages

AbstractAn algorithm is presented for the compiler diagnostic phase by the introduction of a dictionary concept with elimination of duplicate words, synonymous words and messages, special symbols and non‐uniform spellings. The result is compared with an American Standard COBOL Compiler. This concept can be extended beyond the compilers to all systems which issue extensive messages. It will simplify modularity design and aid in standardization of output format.