Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the autoregulatory capacity of optic nerve head (ONH) tissue blood flow in response to intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations during vitrectomy in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). We hypothesized that impaired autoregulation of ONH tissue blood flow in response to intraoperative IOP fluctuations could contribute to subsequent ONH atrophy and the development of visual field defects in PDR patients following vitrectomy. Methods: We included five eyes from five patients with PDR (mean age 70.6 ± 9.0 years) undergoing 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy. ONH tissue blood flow was quantitatively assessed using intraoperative laser speckle flowgraphy. Mean blur rate in the tissue area (MT), an indicator of ONH tissue blood flow, was measured at baseline (infusion pressure 0 mmHg), during sustained elevation to 25 mmHg (at 5 and 10 min), and 1 min after return to baseline (11 min). IOP was modulated using the IOP Control system of the Constellation platform. Results: Elevation of IOP to 25 mmHg significantly reduced ONH tissue blood flow, with MT decreasing by 29% at 10 min compared with baseline (p < 0.05, Dunn's multiple comparisons test). After IOP returned to baseline, MT significantly recovered compared with the 10 min measurement (p < 0.05) and returned to levels not significantly different from baseline (p > 0.05). Conclusions: MT decreases during intraoperative IOP elevation in PDR undergoing vitrectomy, but recovers after the return to baseline pressure, suggesting preserved short-term autoregulatory capacity. Careful IOP management during vitrectomy remains important in eyes with PDR.

To examine the effects of botulinum toxin inoculation into the deep digital flexor (DDF) muscle on foot biomechanics. 6 healthy horses were injected with botulinum toxin in the DDF of 1 forelimb. The opposite forelimb was untreated. Ground reaction forces (GRF) were measured using a pressure sensor in regions of interest, including the dorsal hoof wall (toe). The location of the center of pressure (COP) was measured relative to the dorsal hoof wall during static standing and at peak stance during walking. Repeat measurements 3, 7, 14, 28, and 42 days after injection were compared to baseline (pretreatment) using Friedman tests with Dunn multiple comparisons. There was a median 122-N (IQR, 66 to 254) reduction in the peak GRF at the toe at 7 days after Botox injection. The COP was shifted palmarly by 10 mm (IQR, 8 to 16) during stationary stance and by 6 mm (IQR, 3 to 7) during ambulation at day 7 compared to baseline. These changes were no longer significantly different to control by 14 days. No significant changes were seen in untreated limbs. Treatment with botulinum toxin transiently reduced peak GRF at the toe and caused a palmar shift in COP at rest and during ambulation. These biomechanical effects of DDF botulinum toxin inoculation would be expected to reduce mechanical stress on the dorsal lamellae and could be useful for treatment of acute laminitis to help reduce distal phalangeal rotation.

Enterococcus faecalis is a key contributor to persistent endodontic infections and often shows resistance to conventional medicaments such as calcium hydroxide. Growing antimicrobial resistance has led to interest in repurposing nonantibiotic drugs such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and proton-pump inhibitors that have shown promising antimicrobial effects against E. faecalis. The study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibiofilm activity of different combinations of nonantimicrobial drugs with and without calcium hydroxide against E. faecalis. Dentin specimens were infected with E. faecalis for 14 days to allow biofilm formation, then exposed to test solutions for 7 days. Eight groups were evaluated; untreated control, calcium hydroxide, diclofenac sodium, Omeprazole, their combinations in distilled water, and their combinations with calcium hydroxide. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used for E. faecalis biofilm quantification, indicated as the percentage of green population (live cells), reduction percentage, and log10 total biovolume. Statistical analysis included Dunn's multiple comparison. The green percentage and reduction percentage were compared using Tukey's post hoc test. All treatments reduced viability, with Diclofenac sodium and Omeprazole combination showing the greatest effect, lowering viable cells to 32.82% ± 7.23% (54.97% ± 9.71% reduction percentage; P < 0.0001). Overall, the Diclofenac sodium-Omeprazole combination in distilled water was the most effective against E. faecalis biofilm, highlighting its potential in managing such persistent infections. With more extensive research, it could play a meaningful role in addressing antimicrobial resistance.

Background and Objectives: This study compared the effects of rosuvastatin and chitosan on the kidneys of rabbits fed a high-fat diet. Materials and Methods: In total, 28 New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were randomly divided into four groups of 7 rabbits: a control group (CG) fed a regular diet; a hyperlipidic group (HG) fed the regular diet and 20 mL of egg yolk daily; and the third (RG) and fourth (ChiG) groups fed the HG diet plus rosuvastatin and chitosan, respectively. Cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, creatinine, and urea levels were analyzed. After kidney excision, glomerular height and length were analyzed and stereological analysis was conducted. The Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn multiple comparison tests were used for statistical analysis, and a p value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The chicken egg yolk diet was successful in inducing a hypercholesterolemic state. Total cholesterol levels showed a significant reduction in rabbits treated with rosuvastatin, and chitosan and rosuvastatin significantly reduced triglyceride, VLDL, creatinine, and glucose levels. The size of the glomerulus was increased significantly in the HG rabbits. Stereological analysis showed a mean glomerular volumetric density of 8.27 ± 3.27, 4.14 ± 2.87, 10.03 ± 3.22, and 6.18 ± 3.50 vV% for CG, HG, RG, and ChiG, respectively. Conclusions: Chitosan reduced triglyceride, VLDL, creatinine, and glucose levels but was less effective than rosuvastatin. Kidney morphology was slightly altered in the animals fed a high-fat diet, and these changes were ameliorated by treatment with chitosan or rosuvastatin.

BackgroundPatients with Diabetes mellitus (DM) have higher rates of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study evaluated whether uropathogens isolated from DM patients exhibit greater antimicrobial resistance (AMR).Table 1.Demographics of patient groups and the isolated uropathogensFigure 1.Comparison of antibiotic sensitivity testing results in urinary tract infections across patient groups. Scatter plots represent (A) the count of tested antibiotics per isolate, (B) the count of resistant antibiotics per isolate, and (C) the count of resistant antibiotic classes per isolate. While (E-G) represents the same data but for E. coli isolates only. Each dot represents an individual isolate, with horizontal red bars indicating the mean and whiskers the standard deviation. Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons test was used to compare patient groups. Ns: P > 0.05; **: P ≤ 0.01; ***: P ≤ 0.001; ****: P ≤ 0.0001.MethodsA cross-sectional multicenter study included adults with UTI symptoms and a positive urine culture. Patients were categorized into uncomplicated UTI (G1, n=133), complicated UTI without (G2, n=215) or with DM (G3, n=217). Patient data, microbiology results, and associations between DM, antibiotic resistance, and bacterial isolates were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons, or Fisher's exact test as appropriate.Figure 2.Multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates in urinary tract infections. MDR isolates, defined as having acquired non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories, are depicted as black bars in each patient group. Non-MDR isolates, which show non-susceptibility to fewer than three antimicrobial categories, are shown in grey bars. The data are presented for (A) all isolates and (B) specifically for E. coli isolates.Table 2.Antibiotic-specific resistance rates in each patient group.ResultsThe median age in years (95% CI) was as follows: [G1] 34 (36.0- 41.4), [G2] 57 (52.2- 57.7), [G3] 64 (58.0- 63.1). When considering all patients, E. coli was the most frequently isolated uropathogen (54.2%), followed by Klebsiella species (18.8%). However, the complicated UTI groups G2 and G3 had a higher percentage of non- E. coli uropathogens compared to the uncomplicated UTI group (G1), since they formed 37.6 % of G1 isolates, 49.8% of G2, and 47.0% of G3 (Table 1).For E. coli isolates specifically, the number of antibiotics to which an isolate was resistant was significantly lower in G1 compared to G2 and G3, with a median of 3, 5, and 4 respectively (P value < 0.0001). No significant differences between G2 and G3 were found. The percent of multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates in G1, G2, and G3 was 39.8%, 65.7%, and 70.4%, respectively (Fisher's exact test P value < 0.0001) (Figure 1 and 2). Fisher's exact test revealed significant differences in the resistance to specific antibiotics between G2 and G3. For example, Resistance to Nitrofurantoin in E. coli, was notably higher in the G3 (36.5%) compared to G2 (10.6%) (p-value < 0.001), similarly, resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam and cefuroxime was significantly higher in G3 compared to G2 (Table 2). Among the 3 groups, the lowest resistance was to the carbapenems ertapenem (0%, 1.1%, and 5.1%, respectively), and imipenem (0%, 3.0%, and 2.4%, respectively).ConclusionThese findings suggest that the impact of DM on AMR is antibiotic-specific. Stratifying patients by risk factors like DM could improve empiric therapy outcomes and contribute to reducing AMR.DisclosuresAll Authors: No reported disclosures

Ultra-low-dose computed tomography (CT) protocol for guiding cryoablation in treating a T1a renal cell carcinoma (RCC): radiation doses and treatment outcomes.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become highly prevalent worldwide, and its pathogenesis and progression mechanisms remain incompletely understood. An increased activation of innate immune cells in the liver contributes to hepatic fibrogenesis via a chronic loop of inflammation and regeneration processes. Among them are mast cells (MCs), whose role in hepatic cirrhosis secondary to MASLD remains poorly studied. Our aim was to evaluate differences in MC density in cirrhotic liver tissue among patients with MASLD and other chronic liver disease etiologies. For this, a retrospective study of MC count was performed in cirrhotic liver explants obtained from MASLD, alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). We included a control group of subjects without liver damage. Tryptase-positive MCs were identified by indirect immunofluorescence and quantified as MC density per low-power field (MC/LPF). Group differences were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's multiple comparisons, considering p < 0.05 as statistically significant. A significantly higher MC density was observed in MASLD, ALD, and AIH patients compared with the control group. The group analysis showed that ALD patients exhibited higher MC density than AIH, with no observed difference between ALD and MASLD. MC density was correlated positively with tobacco smoking and alcohol use in the full analyzed group, suggesting them as risk factors of high MC liver infiltration. We conclude that MC density is augmented in MASLD-related cirrhosis, highlighting potential links between lifestyle factors and MC-mediated hepatic inflammation. Future studies should explore the mechanisms driving this association and evaluate whether targeting MCs could help mitigate fibrosis progression.

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitör (Baicalein) on the resin-dentin bond strength in ceramic cementation. The occlusal enamel of sixteen human mandibular wisdom teeth was cut, and glass matrix ceramic (Celtra Duo) overlays were prepared. The samples were randomly divided into four groups. The control group was cemented without pretreatment using total-etch dual-curing resin cement (Variolink N). In the dimethyl sulfoxide and baicalein groups, the solution was applied to the dentin after acid etching. Subsequently, the standard cementation process was continued. In the baicalein and ultrasonic agitation group, unlike the other two groups, after etching, the baicalein solution was applied, ultrasonic agitation was performed for 10 seconds, and agitation was carried out at each stage. The samples underwent thermal aging. Microbars were obtained by cutting the samples, and microtensile tests were conducted. The bond surface and the pretreated occlusal surface were observed using a scanning electron microscope. Shapiro-Wilk test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's multiple comparison test were applied for statistical analysis. The bond strength values of the control group were significantly higher than those of the other three groups. The use of dimethyl sulfoxide and/or baicalein solutions did not improve the bond strength to the ceramic and dentin for the total-etch dual-cure resin cement.

Patients with varus hindfoot deformity show decreased knee and foot clinical scores after total knee arthroplasty.

In young adult males, bitterness perception is associated with excess body mass and metabolic dysregulation.

Role of microRNA-181a, 181b, 181c, and 181d in orthodontic tooth movement: A prospective cohort study.

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of treatment for inguinal hernia and to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of open mesh repair (OMR) and laparoscopic total extraperitoneal (TEP) and transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) techniques in primary unilateral inguinal hernia. Retrospective study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Training and Research Hospital, from January 2018 to September 2023. The authors analysed patients aged 18 years and older who were diagnosed with primary unilateral inguinal hernia and underwent surgery. Patients were divided into three groups according to the surgical techniques used: OMR, TEP, or TAPP. Demographic data, intraoperative and postoperative outcomes, postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, chronic groin pain scores, and recurrence rates were compared across the groups. The Chi-square test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the groups, followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test. This study involved 1466 patients. Of these, 943 underwent OMR, 322 underwent TEP, and 201 underwent TAPP. The mean follow-up period was 18.80 ± 7.86 months. The OMR group required a shorter operative time than other groups, whereas intraoperative complications did not differ significantly among the groups. The length of hospital stays and time to return to work were significantly longer in the OMR group. Postoperative complications did not differ among the groups. The VAS scores were higher in the OMR group on postoperative day 1 and at 1 year. Similarly, chronic pain scores for the first year were higher in the OMR group. Meanwhile, recurrence was significantly less frequent following the OMR technique. Laparoscopic techniques such as TEP and TAPP are as safe and effective as OMR for the treatment of primary unilateral inguinal hernia, with similar intraoperative and postoperative complication rates. They also offer additional advantages, including earlier discharge, quicker return to work, and improved results in terms of early postoperative pain and long-term chronic pain when compared with the OMR technique. Inguinal hernia, Open mesh repair, Total extraperitoneal, Transabdominal preperitoneal, Recurrence, Chronic pain.

The spatial organization of organic/inorganic components at the cartilage-bone interface in the human growth plate remains poorly understood. This study uses time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) for the first time on human growth plate samples to provide insights into these interfaces. Three polydactyly specimens were analysed to map spatial variations of hydroxyapatite and collagen-related components. Regions of interest were statistically evaluated using Dunn's multiple comparisons and Spearman correlations. The calcified cartilage interface represents a critical transition zone, marked by a sharp decline in organic matrix components (e.g. CH₄N⁺) and a concurrent increase in mineral fragments (CaPO₂⁺, Ca⁺), particularly evident in large-area images. A significant peak in the Ca⁺/CH₄N⁺ ratio (p < 0.0001) highlighted a rapid shift from organic-rich to mineral-rich composition. Correlations between organic (CNO⁻) and mineral (PO₂⁻) markers indicated early-stage mineralization, while phosphate and mineralized bone fragments confirmed full mineralization (trabecular and cortical bone). Results were consistent with existing literature, supporting a structured, progressive mineralization pattern characteristic of endochondral ossification. This study demonstrates the first application of ToF-SIMS on human growth plate samples from polydactyly cases, highlighting the capacity of ToF-SIMS for large-scale imaging of human growth plate interfaces and its potential relevance to orthopaedic research.

This study investigated whether patients scheduled for revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are systemically exposed to arthroplasty metals, and whether systemic metal levels in these patients differ depending on the implants' levels of constraint. Whole blood samples were collected from patients scheduled for revision TKA (implant group, n = 51) and from arthroplasty-naïve controls (n = 53). Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, all TKA-relevant metals were quantified. Differences in systemic metal levels in patients with failed unconstrained implants (n = 31) and constrained (n = 20) implants were analysed. Correlations between levels of the different arthroplasty metals were assessed, using the Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's multiple comparison test, Spearman r matrix, and linear regression with Spearman correlation as appropriate. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Patients scheduled for revision TKA showed significantly higher systemic Co (p < 0.001), Cr (p < 0.001), Mo (p = 0.039), Ti (p < 0.001), Nb (p < 0.001) and Zr (p < 0.001) levels compared with controls. Failed constrained TKA implants were associated with significantly higher levels of Co (p = 0.002), Cr (p = 0.005), Ti (p = 0.047), Nb (p = 0.023) and Zr (p = 0.046) than detected in patients with failed unconstrained TKA implant. In patients awaiting revision of a constrained implant, whole blood levels of Co and Ti (p < 0.001), as well as of Zr and Ti (p < 0.001) significantly correlated, whereas no such correlations were observed in patients with failed unconstrained TKA implant. Patients with failed TKA are systemically exposed to arthroplasty metals. Correlation analyses suggest a link between the release of Co and Ti as well as of Zr and Ti in patients awaiting revision of a constrained TKA implant. Additional research is required to investigate the potential biological effects of TKA-related metals, and to establish clinically relevant systemic threshold levels. Level II, therapeutic study.

Abstract Background and Aims p-Cresyl sulfate (PCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) are protein-bound uremic toxins that are closely linked to endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The structure of the endothelium is compromised in CKD, especially due to the disruption of cell-cell junctions. One of the affected proteins is VE-cadherin, the main component of the endothelium's adherens junctions and crucial for maintaining vascular integrity. Post-translational regulation of VE-cadherin is crucial for its function and stability, with phosphorylation at the Tyr658 site playing a key role in weakening cell junctions and increasing endothelial permeability. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the disruption of cell-cell junctions are not yet fully understood in the uremic environment. This study aims to evaluate the effects of PCS and IS on VE-cadherin expression and its Tyr658 phosphorylation site, a crucial regulator of endothelial intercellular junctions. Method Human endothelial cells (EA.hy926, ATCC CRL-2922) were exposed to PCS (23 mg/L) and IS (37.07 mg/L) at uremic concentrations for 24 hours. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay. The protein levels of total VE-cadherin and its Tyr658 phosphorylated fraction were evaluated by western blotting and immunofluorescence assay. Results IS significantly reduced (ANOVA and Dunn's multiple comparisons test: P &amp;lt; 0.0001) the cell viability of endothelial cells compared to the control (untreated cells). No significant changes in total VE-cadherin protein levels were observed across the different treatments. However, our data demonstrated a significant increase (Kruskal-Wallis test: P = 0.0029; Dunn's multiple comparisons test: P = 0.0014) in the fraction of phospho-VE-cadherin at the Tyr658 site in endothelial cells exposed to IS compared to the control (Fig. 1A). The immunofluorescence assay also showed greater immunolabeling of phospho-VE-cadherin in cells treated with IS (Fig. 1B). Conclusion Our data demonstrated that IS induced the phosphorylation of VE-cadherin at the Tyr658 site, a signaling event closely associated with a reduction in barrier function by the endothelium. These alterations may lead to increased endothelial permeability and, ultimately, to the development of atherosclerotic lesions and other cardiovascular diseases.

To evaluate the feasibility of combining Compressed SENSE (CS) with a newly developed deep learning-based algorithm (CS-AI) using a Convolutional Neural Network to accelerate balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP)-sequences for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 30 healthy volunteers were examined prospectively with a 3T MRI scanner. We acquired CINE bSSFP sequences for short axis (SA, multi-breath-hold) and four-chamber (4CH)-view of the heart. For each sequence, four different CS accelerations and CS-AI reconstructions with three different denoising parameters, CS-AI medium, CS-AI strong, and CS-AI complete, were used. Cardiac left ventricular (LV) function (i.e., ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and LV mass) was analyzed using the SA sequences in every CS factor and each AI level. Two readers, blinded to the acceleration and denoising levels, evaluated all sequences regarding image quality and artifacts using a 5-point Likert scale. Friedman and Dunn's multiple comparison tests were used for qualitative evaluation, ANOVA and Tukey Kramer test for quantitative metrics. Scan time could be decreased up to 57% for the SA-Sequences and up to 56% for the 4CH-Sequences compared to the clinically established sequences consisting of SA-CS3 and 4CH-CS2,5 (SA-CS3: 112s vs. SA-CS6: 48s; 4CH-CS2,5: 9s vs. 4CH-CS5: 4s, p<0.001). LV-functional analysis was not compromised by using accelerated MRI sequences combined with CS-AI reconstructions (all p>0.05). The image quality loss and artifact increase accompanying increasing acceleration levels could be entirely compensated by CS-AI post-processing, with the best results for image quality using the combination of the highest CS factor with strong AI (SA-CINE: Coef.:1.31, 95%CI:1.05-1.58; 4CH-CINE: Coef.:1.18, 95%CI:1.05-1.58; both p<0.001), and with complete AI regarding the artifact score (SA-CINE: Coef.:1.33, 95%CI:1.06-1.60; 4CH-CINE: Coef.:1.31, 95%CI:0.86-1.77; both p<0.001). Combining CS sequences with AI-based image reconstruction for denoising significantly decreases scan time in cardiac imaging while upholding LV functional analysis accuracy and delivering stable outcomes for image quality and artifact reduction. This integration presents a promising advancement in cardiac MRI, promising improved efficiency without compromising diagnostic quality.

ABSTRACTBackgroundOtitis externa (OE) with secondary bacterial or yeast infection is a common problem in small animal practice. Cold physical plasma (CPP) has been reported to have antimicrobial activity in vitro.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThis randomised, blinded, prospective study assessed the influence of additional CPP treatment on the recovery of canine OE with secondary infection.AnimalsTwenty‐one dogs with bilateral clinical OE and cytological evidence of infection were included.Materials and MethodsAn ear flush was performed with saline solution in all dogs. Additionally, one ear of each dog, chosen in a prospective randomised fashion, was treated with CPP for 30 s. Afterwards, both ears were treated with a depot ear medication containing betamethasone, terbinafine and florfenicol. Seven days later, the depot medication was administered again as recommended by the manufacturer. On Day (D) 0, D7 and D21, a clinical otic score and a validated semiquantitative cytological score were compared with a Friedman test and Dunn's multiple comparison test.ResultsEars treated additionally with CPP showed lower otic scores after 21 days compared to nontreated ears, although this difference was not significant (p = 0.08). Cytological scores improved over 21 days with cocci in CPP‐treated (p = 0.003) and nontreated ears (p = 0.02). With yeast, there was significant improvement in CPP‐treated (p = 0.0002) ears in contrast to nontreated ears. With rods, the improvement was not statistically significant in either group.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceCPP treatment seems to be a promising option as an additional treatment after ear flushing.

Information from digital and human sources: A comparison of chatbot and clinician responses to orthodontic questions.

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the microleakage caused by different adhesive systems and composites in class V cavities prepared with traditional method and Er:YAG laser. Material and Methods: 48 permanent molars without decay and restoration were removed and kept in distilled water after residual tissue were removed. Eight groups were formed with six teeth in each group; Group-1: Bur preparation (Bp)+ CLEARFIL Universal Bond Quick (UBQ)+CLEARFIL MAJESTY ES-2 Classic (ME2); Group-2: (Bp)+Bisco Universal PrimerTM (UP)+(ME2); Group-3: (Bp)+(UBQ)+Ceram X SphereTECTM (CX); Group-4: (Bp)+(UP)+(CX); Group-5: Laser preparation (Lp)+(UBQ)+(ME2); Group-6: (Lp)+(UP)+(ME2); Group-7: (Lp)+(UBQ)+(CX); Group-8: (Lp)+(UP)+(CX). All teeth were thermocycled 1500 times (5–550C). Then it was kept in 0.5% basic fuchsin for 24 hours . The dye penetration at the adhesive system-dentin interface in longitudinal sectioned class V cavities was evaluated under stereo microscopy according to the score table prepared by two observers. The adhesive material-dentin interfaces and the structure of the hybrid layer were examined by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Statistical analyzes were tested with Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis One-Way Analysis of Variance and Dunn's multiple comparison (p&amp;lt;0.05). Results: Microleakage scores on the cervical surfaces were higher than the occlusal surfaces in all groups. In addition, it was determined that the cavity preparation method did not create a statistically significant difference between the microleakage values on the occlusal surfaces of the restorations (p&amp;gt;0.05). It was observed that the adhesion method did not present a statistically significant result in terms of microleakage (p&amp;gt;0.05). Conclusion: Clearfil Majesty ES 2 composite was observed to be more successful in terms of microleakage. Clearfil Majesty ES 2 composite can be preferred for restoration of class V cavities. More laboratory and clinical studies are needed to determine the performance of adhesive systems in cavities prepared with laser.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of medicinal plants on Candida albicans. Theoretical Framework: Candida albicans is a yeast present in the human microbiota considered as an opportunistic pathogen, which in times of low resistance can invade tissues, organs and even cause systemic diseases. The resistance of C. albicans to antifungals has caused recurrences, requiring the search for therapeutic alternatives, such as the use of herbal medicines. Method: Infusions of Cymbopogom citratus, Citrus limon, Eucalipitus citriodora, Caryophyllus aromaticus and Origanum vulgare on Candida albicans strain were used. Minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations were used in the study. Descriptive statistics was used with the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test approach with Dunn's post-hoc multiple comparison test, with 0.05 significance. Results and Discussion: All infusions demonstrated antifungal efficacy against C. albicans, though effectiveness varied significantly by plant species and exposure time. While Citrus limon (lowest MIC: 5%) required extended exposure for complete eradication, Eucalyptus citriodora exhibited rapid initial action. These findings align with prior studies on essential oils but uniquely highlight infusions as accessible alternatives. Synergy studies are warranted to optimize therapeutic potential. Research Implications: Infusions of these plants could serve as low-cost, low-toxicity therapies for candidiasis, especially in resource-limited settings. Future work should validate efficacy in vivo and explore synergistic combinations. Supports Brazil’s policy promoting sustainable use of biodiversity in public health. Originality/Value: First comparative study of infusions (traditional preparation) against C. albicans, revealing time-dependent fungicidal kinetics. Demonstrates that infusions, not just essential oils, have clinical relevance, bridging traditional medicine with evidence-based practice.