Dual Systems Model Research Articles

Examining Deviant Peer Association in Childhood as a Predictor of Marijuana Use in Early Adolescence: The Mediating Role of Dual Systems Model Constructs

Examining Deviant Peer Association in Childhood as a Predictor of Marijuana Use in Early Adolescence: The Mediating Role of Dual Systems Model Constructs

A Study on A Psychological Perspective of The Relationship Between Screen Time and Adolescent Emotional Regulation

The rapid rise in adolescents' screen time due to widespread use of smartphones, gaming consoles, and social media has raised concerns about its effects on emotional regulation, a key component of adolescent development. This paper synthesizes existing research on the relationship between excessive screen time and emotional regulation, highlighting the psychological mechanisms involved. Emotional regulation, essential for managing emotional experiences, becomes particularly important during adolescence. However, difficulties in emotional regulation are linked to various psychological issues, including anxiety, depression, and aggressive behaviours. Excessive screen time, particularly in the context of social media, often contributes to emotional dysregulation through impulsive emotional responses, social comparison, and exposure to distressing content. Cognitive Load Theory, Social Comparison Theory, and the Dual-Systems Model are employed to explain how digital interactions challenge adolescents' emotional regulation. The paper also examines the negative psychological consequences of excessive screen use, such as mood instability, heightened anxiety, and impaired sleep, while discussing interventions like digital detoxes, parental involvement, and therapeutic strategies that can help mitigate these effects. Ultimately, this study aims to guide parents, educators, and mental health professionals in fostering healthier digital habits to support adolescents' emotional well-being.

Who Would Taste It? Exploring Decision-Making Styles and Intention to Eat Insect-Based Food among Italian University Students

Background: Although insect-based foods (IBFs) have been recently proposed as a way to face climate crisis and starvation, they encounter aversion from Western countries, which express fear, disgust, and high risk. The contribution of psychology research to food choices highlights how decisions are made, not only through reasoned attitudes and goal-directed behavior, but also through more automatic associations (dual-system models). Methods: In this paper, we investigated people’s dispositions towards IBFs by combining (a) explicit attitudes (as assessed via self-report scales), (b) automatic associations (as measured via indirect measures), and (c) intention to taste, and comparing different profiles based on (d) psychological factors, including decision-making style, food neophobia, and trust in science and scientist. A pilot sample of 175 Italian university students participated in the study. Results: The analyses of the general sample highlighted rather negative attitudes. The cluster analysis identified 4 decision-making profiles: ‘the gut feeling’, ‘the suspicious’, ‘the vicarious’, and ‘the mind’. It revealed more favorable opinions in ‘the mind’ profile, characterized by a rational decision-making style and high trust in science, and very aversive reactions from ‘the suspicious’ profile, characterized by high food neophobia and low trust in science. Conclusions: The results underline the importance of psychological factors in interpreting people’s reactions to IBF and changes in dietary habits based on the decision-making process. They suggest possible strategies to promote eco-friendly diets.

A Novel Hybrid FSO-mm Wave System for Enhanced Mobile Network Capacity and Reliability

The ever-growing demand for high-bandwidth communication in mobile networks necessitates innovative solutions that provide exceptional capacity and reliability. This paper introduces a novel dual hop hybrid system model that leverages the complementary strengths of free space optics (FSO) and millimeter-wave (mm W) communication, while incorporating a direct mm W link for added robustness. This paper analyzes the comprehensive performance of the proposed hybrid system using a single threshold selection combining. We consider a scenario where the channel state for the FSO link adheres to a Log-Normal distribution under conditions of weak turbulence. For the millimeter wave link, we assume it follows a Nakagami-m distribution, which encompasses a broad range of commonly encountered radio frequency (RF) fading distributions. The proposed system's performance is analyzed by deriving analytical expressions for average bit error rate (ABER) and outage probability (OP). The theoretical results of the proposed system, which are verified using Monte-Carlo simulations, unveil that under turbulence and adverse weather conditions, the performance of the proposed system over a standalone FSO system is improved significantly due to mm W backup link.

Understanding the relationships among adolescents’ internet dependence, reward, cognitive control processing, and learning burnout: a network perspective in China

Alterations in the reward and cognitive control systems are commonly observed among adolescents with internet dependence (ID), and this impairment is often accompanied by social dysfunctions, such as academic burnout. However, the intercorrelations among ID, reward, cognitive control processing, and learning burnout remain unclear. We recruited 1074 Chinese adolescents to investigate the complex interrelationships among these variables using network analysis. The resulting network revealed patterns that connected ID to the behavioral inhibition/activation system (BIS/BAS), self-control, and learning burnout; these results exhibited reasonable stability and test–retest consistency. Throughout the network, the node of BAS-drive was the critical influencing factor, and the node of self-control was the protection factor. In addition, several symptoms of learning burnout and ID were positively associated with sensitivity to punishment. As revealed by the network comparison test, the network constructed among internet dependent (ID) group differed from the network constructed among internet nondependent (IND) group not only in the edges between BIS and learning burnout but also in terms of the edges associated with learning burnout. In conclusion, this study provides insights into the complex mechanisms underlying ID among adolescents from the perspective of the network relationships between core influencing factors and negative consequences. It validates the dual-system model of risky behavior among adolescents and offers a foundation for early warning and interventions for ID in this context.

Does cognitive control mediate the relationship between peer presence and adolescent risk-taking? An ERP study.

Peer presence influences risk-taking behavior, particularly in adolescence. Based on the dual system model, this event-related potential study examined whether and how the presence of a peer displayed a preference for risky behavior would increase adolescents' risk-taking by disrupting their cognitive control processes in either emotional or non-emotional contexts. A sample of 106 adolescents (17-19 years of age) completed two Stoop tasks and a Balloon Analog Risk Task under three peer presence conditions. Results revealed that compared to other conditions, the presence of a risk-averse peer caused adolescents to make safer decisions through improving their conflict monitoring (more negative N200-diff), whereas a risk-preference peer's presence led adolescents to more risky decisions through disrupting their conflict resolution (more positive N450-diff) but they were only observed on the Emotional Stroop task. These findings suggest that different peer presence contexts could increase or decrease adolescents' risk-taking behaviors by influencing their cognitive control under an emotional context rather than in a non-emotional context.

Development of the Link and Match Learning Program through the Application of the Dual-System Method to Support the Industrial Revolution 4.0 in Sinergy with Freedom to Learn

This study aims to describe a Link and Match program used on dual-system models that is valid, practical, and effective to support industrial revolution 4.0 in profile freedom to learn. This type of research is development research with the ADDIE development design which includes analyze, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The data analysis technique uses a mixed method which combines qualitative and quantitative methods. The results showed that: The Link and Match program using a dual-system model is declared valid, including syllabus, RPP, e-LKPD and e-Handout whose learning process is designed to include activities that adapt to Indonesian national work competency standards (SKKNI Level II) by maximizing the use of various representation that can support the industrial revolution 4.0 with the profile of independent learning. The presentation of e-LKPD and e-Handouts has been adapted to the local wisdom competencies available in Lampung Province and the needs of students to study independently or in groups so that they can support the industrial revolution 4.0 with the profile of independent learning; The practicality of the Link and Match program using a dual-system model is reviewed based on student responses which include responses to the learning process, responses to e-LKPD and e-Handouts so that they can be used as a productive learning topic on Rubber Processing in SMK class XI semester odd; The effectiveness of the Link and Match program using a dual-system model is categorized as high which show that there is an average difference between the experimental class and the control class. The output of this development is the establishment of MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) with various DUDI in Lampung Province.

Functional alterations in overweight/obesity: focusing on the reward and executive control network.

Overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) have become prevalent issues in the global public health arena. Serving as a prominent risk factor for various chronic diseases, overweight/obesity not only poses serious threats to people's physical and mental health but also imposes significant medical and economic burdens on society as a whole. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on basic scientific research dedicated to seeking the neural evidence underlying overweight/obesity, aiming to elucidate its causes and effects by revealing functional alterations in brain networks. Among them, dysfunction in the reward network (RN) and executive control network (ECN) during both resting state and task conditions is considered pivotal in neuroscience research on overweight/obesity. Their aberrations contribute to explaining why persons with overweight/obesity exhibit heightened sensitivity to food rewards and eating disinhibition. This review centers on the reward and executive control network by analyzing and organizing the resting-state and task-based fMRI studies of functional brain network alterations in overweight/obesity. Building upon this foundation, the authors further summarize a reward-inhibition dual-system model, with a view to establishing a theoretical framework for future exploration in this field.

Dual Challenge-Response Systems of a Three-Dimensional "Bionic" Fluorescent Physically Unclonable Function Label.

Inspired by the light and dark variations observed in natural cloud clusters under sunlight, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) "bionic" fluorescent physically unclonable function (PUF) label. The minimalist preparation process eliminates the need for expensive traditional instruments, thus offering new insight into the widespread adoption of 3D PUF labels. The Eu(CCA)3(H2O)2 powder, which is the first to propose its secondary building unit, was chosen as the fluorescent material. Its 3D morphology is preserved in the resin to mimic cloud-like structures. Furthermore, the luminescent properties are elucidated through experimental tests and first-principles calculations. To overcome the coding capacity limitation of traditional two-dimensional (2D) fluorescent PUF labels, a dual challenge-response system model is proposed. The shallow and deep models provide anticounterfeiting information from macro and micro perspectives, respectively. This successfully increases the encoding capacity from 210×10 to 2100×10000 for a 10 × 10 pixel binary code. Therefore, 3D "bionic" fluorescent PUF labels strike a balance between the simple usage of PUF labels and enhanced label security.

Solar Panel Sun-Rays Tracking and Cleaning System for Improvement in Power Efficiency

There is an increasing need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and find more environmentally friendly ways to power the planet. An estimated 4 billion years will pass before the sun stops shining, making it a renewable natural power source. A sustainable method of generating electricity from the sun's energy is offered by solar power systems. In comparison with single axis solar tracker, a dual axis solar tracker tracks the sun at every instance hereby increasing the efficiency by 30-35%. In this system we have a solar panel which tracks the position of the sun and always try to remain perpendicular to sun rays. It will track the sun in all four directions i.e east-west and north-south. This paper focus more on Design of Dual tracking system, which includes installation of GPS and RTC system, stored energy usage for application , periodic cleaning in order to maintain efficiency of panel and comparative analysis of stored energy. Alternative, less expensive options have been suggested because the solar tracking equipment is expensive to manufacture.The goal of this effort is to create a solar dual tracking system model that includes solar panel cleaning as well.

Implikasi Pemberlakuan Sistem Perbankan Ganda Terhadap Penerapan Norma Hukum Islam Di Dalam Perbankan Syariah Di Indonesia

The Financial System is regulated in Law Number 4 of 2023 concerning the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector (P2SK). Dual banking system is the implementation of the banking system simultaneously, namely conventional banks and Islamic banks simultaneously. The implementation of the Dual banking system is based on Law No. 7 of 1992 concerning Banking, in which it regulates shortcuts about the system and is perfected by Law No. 10 of 1998. As a result of the implementation of the "dual banking system model", legal problems arise, especially in the intermediation function of Islamic banks as financial institutions that have differences in the variation of fund distribution to the public, with the intermediation function of conventional banks as financial institutions that can only channel funds to the public in the form of credit. The implications of implementing this dual banking system are the gateway to implementing Islamic economic legal norms in every Islamic bank product and business. To ensure compliance with sharia principles, DSN MUI issues fatwas. The MUI DSN fatwa was then formalized through PBI and POJKut selanjutnya diformalkan melalui PBI maupun POJK.

Characteristics and Correlates of Meaning in Life Profiles among Chinese Rural Adolescents

The meaning in life (MIL) in adolescence is crucial in the developmental process of life. Anchored in the Integrated Model of Meaning Making and the Dual-Systems Model of Meaning, the present study aimed to explore the MIL profiles among Chinese rural adolescents and their characteristics, as well as the role of depression, well-being, character strengths, and academic encouragement in differentiating the MIL profiles. A sample of 579 adolescents from rural China (Mean age = 15.33, SD = 1.69, aged from 12 to 19, female = 56.47%) participated in the survey. Latent profile analysis examined six dimensions of MIL: search for meaning, presence of meaning, need for meaning, meaning confusion, meaning anxiety, and meaning avoidance. Four profiles with different meaning characteristics were revealed: Meaning Oriented profile (18.48%), Bewildered profile (17.62%), Perfunctory profile (51.47%), and Indifferent profile (12.44%). The Meaning Oriented profile had the highest well-being scores and the lowest depression scores compared to the other three profiles. Adolescents with higher character strengths or academic encouragement were less likely to be in the other three profiles than in the Meaning-Oriented profile. The current findings suggest the need for targeted intervention strategies for adolescents with different MIL profiles.

Major Depressive Disorder as a Driver of Dual Systems Model Development During Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Among Justice-Involved Youth: Is Salience Age-Graded?

The dual systems model is a psychological framework centered on differential development of sensation-seeking and impulse control during adolescence and emerging adulthood with implications for understanding antisocial behavior. However, there is a dearth of research which has examined mental illness as a driver of differential development of these constructs. This study examined major depressive disorder as a risk factor for elevated sensation-seeking and diminished impulse control and tested to determine whether the salience differed by age. The Pathways to Desistance data were analyzed. Mixed effects models examined the direct effect of major depressive disorder on dual systems outcomes and test for moderation by age. Findings indicated that major depressive disorder at baseline was associated with increased sensation-seeking and diminished impulse control. Relationships did not differ in salience based on age. Results suggest that treatment effective for addressing depression may have relevance for mitigating the impact of the disorder on cognition.

The Dual Systems Model-Impulsivity and Narcissism as the Reflexive System and Self-Regulation as the Reflective System-of Smartphone Addiction.

The exploration of underlying mechanisms leading to the development of smartphone addiction has been limited, with only a few studies incorporating theories to provide explanations. Drawing upon the Dual Systems Model, this study tested the hypothesis that the reflective system of self-regulation would mediate the relation between the reflexive system of impulsivity and narcissism, and smartphone addiction in a sample of 298 undergraduate students. Participants completed a self-administrated web-based questionnaire containing measures of impulsivity (the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale), narcissism (the Narcissistic Personality Inventory), self-regulation (the Self-Regulation Scale), and smartphone addiction (the Smartphone Addiction Inventory). The findings from structural equation modeling revealed that self-regulation served as a significant mediator between impulsivity and smartphone addiction, as well as between narcissism and smartphone addiction. These findings offer insights that can contribute to the development of interventions and strategies that target impulsivity and narcissism by enhancing self-regulation skills.

Proposal of a Dual System Model for the Consensus Building Process in the Problem Formulation Process in Groups

Proposal of a Dual System Model for the Consensus Building Process in the Problem Formulation Process in Groups

A novel dual cloud server privacy-preserving scheme in spatial crowdsourcing

As a service for the public, the issue of location leakage in spatial crowdsourcing has attracted extensive attention from researchers and institutions in recent years. Facing this challenge, several encryption-based schemes have been proposed to protect participants' location information from untrusted cloud servers. However, these schemes mainly target insider threats but ignore the collusion problem between dishonest users and cloud servers. In this paper, we define the problem of Brute-Force Attack under collusion between dishonest users and cloud servers and find that there is no solution that can both guarantee efficient task assignment and address this attack. To fill this gap, we propose a novel dual cloud server privacy-preserving scheme. First, utilizing the GeoHash encoding algorithm, we design a grid-based index tree structure and a task assignment method called Locate-then-Find to achieve faster-than-linear assignment efficiency. Considering that traditional system models fail to address the problem of Brute-Force Attack while ensuring efficiency, we then design a dual cloud server system model, and propose a multi-user Two-Step Location Encryption scheme to protect participants' locations. In our model, both high efficiency and high security are promised. Security analysis demonstrates that our scheme is provably secure in the random oracle model and resistant to the Brute-Force Attack. In the experimental analysis, we first evaluate the resistance of existing grid-based schemes against the Brute-Force Attack, and subsequently demonstrate the performance of our scheme on a real-world dataset. The final comparison experiments show that our scheme exhibits superior performance under the same security conditions.

Dual-systems models of the genetic architecture of impulsive personality traits: neurogenetic evidence of distinct but related factors.

Dual-systems models, positing an interaction between two distinct and competing systems (i.e. top-down self-control, and bottom-up reward- or emotion-based drive), provide a parsimonious framework for investigating the interplay between cortical and subcortical brain regions relevant to impulsive personality traits (IPTs) and their associations with psychopathology. Despite recent developments in multivariate analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), molecular genetic investigations of these models have not been conducted. Using IPT GWAS, we conducted confirmatory genomic structural equation models (GenomicSEM) to empirically evaluate dual-systems models of the genetic architecture of IPTs. Genetic correlations between dual-systems factors and relevant cortical and subcortical neuroimaging phenotypes (regional/structural volume, cortical surface area, cortical thickness) were estimated and compared. GenomicSEM dual-systems models underscored important sources of shared and unique genetic variance between top-down and bottom-up constructs. Specifically, a dual-systems genomic model consisting of sensation seeking and lack of self-control factors demonstrated distinct but related sources of genetic influences (rg = 0.60). Genetic correlation analyses provided evidence of differential associations between dual-systems factors and cortical neuroimaging phenotypes (e.g. lack of self-control negatively associated with cortical thickness, sensation seeking positively associated with cortical surface area). No significant associations were observed with subcortical phenotypes. Dual-systems models of the genetic architecture of IPTs tested were consistent with study hypotheses, but associations with relevant neuroimaging phenotypes were mixed (e.g. no associations with subcortical volumes). Findings demonstrate the utility of dual-systems models for studying IPT genetic influences, but also highlight potential limitations as a framework for interpreting IPTs as endophenotypes for psychopathology.

Understanding the Impact of Deviant Peer Association on Dual Systems Model Development: Testing the Moderating Role of ADHD.

Recent research has indicated that deviant peers may play a role in cognitive development. This is particularly the case for the dual systems model, a key framework for understanding engagement in antisocial behavior during adolescence and emerging adulthood. However, limited research has examined how preexisting mental health concerns may moderate these relationships. This study used the Pathways to Desistance data to examine attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a moderator of the relationships between deviant peer association and dual systems model constructs. Generalized estimating equations were used to test these relationships. Results indicated that deviant peer association and the presence of ADHD both predicted increased sensation-seeking and lower impulse control. ADHD significantly moderated the relationship between deviant peer association and impulse control, indicating a weaker impact of deviant peer association on impulse control among participants with ADHD. No significant interaction was observed for the relationship between deviant peer association and sensation-seeking.

The Acceleration Model of Returning State Financial Losses Due to Corruption in Indonesia

Recovery of state financial losses due to corruption is still an issue in Indonesia. Currently, this problem is resolved only through a conventional criminal justice process oriented towards punishment so that the recovery of state financial losses does not achieve maximum results. This study aims to analyze the appropriate model for accelerating the recovery of state losses due to corruption. This research is a juridical-philosophical research based on secondary data in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, using a statutory, philosophical, and conceptual approach. The data collection technique utilized a literature study and then analyzed qualitatively. This study concludes that a solution is needed as an alternative settlement of corruption cases through agreements based on the dual track system model of restorative justice, but constitutionally justified, according to legal theory, especially criminal law, and philosophically according to the theory of restorative justice. The solution is to accelerate the return of corrupt state finances through agreements with the restorative justice approach of the dual track system model, which is an effort based on democratic values, justice, benefit, fair legal certainty, and respect for the constitutional rights of the Indonesian people, aiming at people's welfare so that constitutionally not contrary to Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution.

Two heads are better than one: Dual systems obtain better performance in facial comparison

Forensic facial image comparison based on recognition algorithms has been widely applied in forensic science. Previous researches have been concentrating on the cases of using single system during comparison, while how to use multiple systems has not yet been studied. In this paper, a dual-systems model (including SeetaFace and FaceNet) for facial comparison was constructed, and Bayesian networks were utilized as the basic frame. In order to prove its superiority, a large-scale experiment (on the dataset CelebA) has been carried on to evaluate the score-based likelihood ratio. We used three likelihood ratio evaluation tools (Empirical Cross-Entropy, Cost Likelihood Ratio, Limit Tippett Plots) to assess the performance of the model. The Wasserstein distance was also used to evaluate the detailed likelihood ratio performance. The experimental results show that the likelihood ratio performance of our dual-systems model is better than single system. Besides, our method of model building and evaluation can also be used in the condition of triple or more systems.