Dual Storage Research Articles

Dual storage mechanism of Bi2O3/Co3O4/MWCNT composite as an anode for lithium-ion battery and lithium-ion capacitor

Bismuth oxide(Bi2O3) and cobalt oxide(Co3O4) are promising owing to their unique properties, high storage capacity, low cost, and eco-friendliness, making them ideal for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) and lithium-ion capacitors(LICs) anodes. This study presents the synthesis and thorough characterization of Bi2O3/Co3O4 and Bi2O3/Co3O4/MWCNT composites as potential LIB and LIC anode materials. The materials are synthesized using a hydrothermal process succeeded by annealing. Structural, morphological, and compositional studies were analyzed. Various tests evaluated electrochemical performance, including cyclic voltammetry(CV), confirming a dual storage mechanism like alloying and conversion reaction involved for better energy storage. Specific discharge capacities of 834 mAh/g and 1184 mAh/g were recorded for Bi2O3/Co3O4 and Bi2O3/Co3O4/MWCNT composite electrodes at a current density of 100 mA/g, respectively. The composite material exhibited notably enhanced rate capability, with 31 % and 51 % discharge capacities for Bi2O3/Co3O4 and Bi2O3/Co3O4/MWCNT, respectively. The cyclic stability assessment revealed that Bi2O3/Co3O4 and Bi2O3/Co3O4/MWCNT maintained a high coulombic efficiency of around 99 % over 250 charge–discharge cycles at a high current density of 1 A/g. The capacity retention was approximately 253 mAh/g for Bi2O3/Co3O4 and 439 mAh/g for the Bi2O3/Co3O4/MWCNT composite, indicating excellent cyclic stability and minimal energy loss during cycling. Moreover, the LICs assembly of Bi2O3/Co3O4/MWCNT//CB was investigated, revealing a power density of 200 W kg−1 alongside an energy density of 8.64 Wh kg−1. The cyclic stability assessment over 10,000 cycles exhibits a capacity retention of approximately 45 % under a high current density of 2 A/g.

Dual Storage Mechanism in Nanoscale Solid-State Lithium-Ion Supercapacitors

Dual Storage Mechanism in Nanoscale Solid-State Lithium-Ion Supercapacitors

An EOQ Model for Delayed Deteriorating Items: Analysis of Three-Stage Consumption, Dual Storage Facilities, and Variable Partial Backlogging Rates

Study’s Excerpt An Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model that accounts for items with delayed deterioration by integrating three distinct stages of consumption rates, dual storage facilities, and partially backlogged shortages was proposed. The model can minimize overall variable costs and establish the conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the optimal solution by optimizing cycle length, order quantity, and depletion timing. The model could help in inventory management of perishable goods, particularly in scenarios involving multiple storage options and consumption phases. Full Abstract This paper presents an Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model for items with delayed deterioration, incorporating three distinct stages of consumption rates, dual storage facilities, and shortages. The model assumes that the average consumption rates before and after the onset of deterioration, as well as during shortages, are constant but differ from one another. The shortages are partially backlogged and vary according to the waiting time until the next replenishment. The model aims to minimize the overall variable cost per unit of time by optimizing the cycle length, order quantity, and the timing at which the inventory in the owned warehouse is depleted. The paper establishes the necessary and sufficient conditions to ensure the existence and uniqueness of the optimal solution. A sensitivity analysis is conducted, and the findings are used to derive managerial insights.

A novel and cost-effective model for cloud energy storage based on a dual storage setup in active distribution grid with resilience consideration

The rising occurrences of natural disasters, terrorist actions, and cyber-attacks that result in extensive, long-lasting, and expensive disruptions have necessitated a shift in focus towards the resilience of electrical grids for network operators. However, the task of designing a resilient network remains complex and costly. One potential solution to bolster resilience is the deployment of battery energy storage devices on the consumer side, known as distributed energy systems (DES). Despite its effectiveness, the high construction costs and lengthy payback period associated with investing in energy storage devices have led consumers to exhibit reluctance in adopting them. Cloud energy storage (CES) is an innovative and cost-effective solution to address those challenges. In the CES platform, investors install storage facilities in the network which can be rented by consumers to fulfill their needs and they become holders of the virtual batteries. By adopting this approach, consumers are relieved from the burden of maintenance, repair, and installation. While a single CES facility offers reduced costs and increased comfort for consumers, it compromises the resilience of the grid when compared to the Distributed Energy Storage (DES) mechanism. In order to bridge this gap, this paper proposes a dual CES model which serves as an intermediate solution between DES and single CES. The dual CES model strikes a balance between the resilience of the grid and cost-effectiveness. It provides a higher level of resilience compared to a single CES and a lower level compared to DES. Additionally, the costs associated with the dual CES model fall between that of a single CES and DES. This model not only increases the profit margin for investors but also enhances the overall comfort and well-being of consumers compared to the single CES. To validate the proposed model, a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem is formulated and simulated on the IEEE 33 bus network. Three cases are considered: DES, single CES, and dual CES. The results indicate that the dual CES reduces consumers' costs by 28 %, losses by 27 %, unsupplied load costs by 45 %, and return on investment by 33 %. Moreover, it increases the stability margin time by 2 intervals and improves robustness by 47 %.

3D porous SnO2/MXene as a superior anode material for Li-ion and Na-ion battery

In this paper, we synthesized the SnO2/MXene composite with unique three-dimensional(3D) porous framework by removing of polystyrene (PS) nanospheres as sacrificial templates. The SnO2 nanopaticles are evenly anchored in MXene nanosheets by electrostatic self-assembly. The composite demonstrates plenty of hierarchical pores and a greatly enlarged interfacial area, which can facilitate the permeation of electrolyte and provide more active sites for Li+/Na+ intercalation. The conductive porous structure can also promote the fast transport of electrons and ions, and maintain the structural stability of eletrode in the cycling. The SnO2/MXene composite shows increased reversible capacities and excellent cycling stability for dual storage of both Li+ and Na+. As anode material for lithium ion storage, it has long-life cycling performance of 373.7 mAh/g after 1400 cycles at 5 A/g, superior than most reported SnO2/carbide composites. For sodium ion storage, the conposite also shows a increased capacity of 236.8 mAh/g at 0.4 A/g after 100 cycles. This study provides a design strategy for preparing anode materials of advanced battery system with promising electrochemical performance.

Organic Food Traceability System using Blockchain Technology

Traditional traceability system has problems of centralized management, opaque information, untrustworthy data, and easy generation of information islands. To solve the above problems, this paper designs a traceability system based on blockchain technology for storage and query of product information in supply chain of agricultural products. Leveraging the characteristics of decentralization, tamper-proof and traceability of blockchain technology, the transparency and credibility of traceability information increased. A dual storage structure of ‘‘database + blockchain’’ on-chain and off-chain traceability information is constructed to reduce load pressure of the chain and realize efficient information query. Blockchain technology combined with cryptography is proposed to realize the safe sharing of private information in the blockchain network. In addition, we design a reputation-based smart contract to incentivize network nodes to upload traceability data. Furthermore, we provide performance analysis and practical application, the results show that our system improves the query efficiency and the security of private information, guarantees the authenticity and reliability of data in supply chain management, and meets actual application requirements.

Research on optimal allocation scheme of power system energy storage under large-scale new energy access

Abstract Renewable distributed power sources such as wind power and photovoltaic power generation are connected to the power grid, which will bring problems such as increased network loss and reduced power quality. In this paper, a two-layer optimization model for energy storage systems is proposed under large-scale new energy access, and the coupling effects of energy storage planning and operation are considered comprehensively. In the upper layer model, energy storage planning is considered, with the location and capacity of energy storage configuration being the decision variables and the planning cost of the energy storage system being the objective function. The lower layer considers the economy and stability of the grid when the energy storage system is operating, with the output of the energy storage system at each moment as the decision variable and the grid vulnerability, active network loss, and power purchase cost as the objective function. The improved IEEE33 node system has been selected for simulation verification. The results show that the proposed model calculates the optimal capacity configurations of wind power combined energy storage as 0.919 and 0.820 MWh, respectively, and the model can obtain a reasonable energy storage configuration scheme and, in comparing the economic indicators under different scenarios, can obtain the dual storage configuration as the best scheme for the simulation system.

Simulation-based analysis of thermochemical heat storage feasibility in third-generation district heating systems: Case study of Enschede, Netherlands

In this article a dual heat storage system comprising thermochemical heat storage (TCS) and hot water storage for managing the mismatch between heat generation and demand in district heating systems (DHs) is evaluated. TCS is known as technology suitable for long-term heat storage due to its high energy density and negligible heat losses over a longer period. However, the integration of TCS in DHs is significantly influenced by the operating conditions of DHs. Here we evaluate the feasibility of integrating TCS into DHs in the Enschede region of the Netherlands. DHs models are established to simulate heat generation, demand, and storage, and a control strategy is designed to manage storage coordination. The obtained results show that the dual storage system outperforms the single hot water storage system in reducing peak load generation. Depending on the TCS's operational condition, annual energy generation from peak load in dual storage systems could drop by 30–60 % compared to the single hot water storage system. It is achieved mainly by managing the energy capacity remaining in the storage system. The technical feasibility and benefits of implementing a TCS system in DHs with a dual storage system are shown to be more energy efficient.

Dual storage mechanism of charge adsorption desorption and Faraday redox reaction enables aqueous symmetric supercapacitor with 1.4 V output voltage

Preparation of heterostructure electrode materials with dual storage mechanisms of charge adsorption desorption (electric double-layer capacitance) and Faraday redox reaction (pseudo-capacitance) remains a great challenge for supercapacitors with wide operating voltage and high energy density. Herein, the heterostructure ZnO nanoparticles decorated NiFe/CNTs/rGO (ZnO-FeNi/CG) was rational designed and synthesized via a straightforward two-step hydrothermal process for supercapacitor application. The rational designed flower-like heterostructure ZnO-FeNi/CG reveals outstanding specific capacitance of 1265F/g at 1 A/g and 88.5 % capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles even at 30 A/g in three-electrode test. Benefiting from the designed unique heterostructure and the effective anti-catalytic strategy, the Faradaic redox reactions of ZnO-FeNi/CG electrode were well coordinated by HER and OER, so that water splitting process was greatly suppressed under high operating voltage in aqueous alkaline electrolytes. Thus, the fabricated symmetric supercapacitor based on the dual storage mechanisms of electric double-layer capacitance and pseudo-capacitance displays 1.4 V output voltage, ultrahigh capacitance of 227F/g (1 A/g), and exceptional energy density of 62 Wh kg−1 at power density of 1400 W kg−1 as well as extraordinary capacitance retention 84.7 % for 10,000 cycles, outperforming the previous spinel-type metal oxides/carbon-based supercapacitors in aqueous alkaline electrolytes. The dual storage mechanism of charge adsorption desorption and Faraday redox reaction can provide a pathway to design next-generation aqueous symmetric supercapacitors with wide output voltage and ultrahigh energy density for advanced energy storage systems.

Predictive Analysis to Prevent Fraud and Reduce Risk for Preserved Food Processing Industry

Abstract: This paper presents a blockchain-based traceability system for storing and retrieving product information in the agricultural supply chain, aiming to address issues such as centralized management, lack of transparency, untrustworthy data, and fragmented information. By leveraging blockchain technology's decentralized, tamper-proof, and traceable nature, the system enhances the transparency and credibility of traceability information. To alleviate the burden on the blockchain and enable efficient information retrieval, a dual storage structure comprising both an on-chain and off-chain component is employed to store traceability data. Moreover, the combination of blockchain technology and cryptography ensures the secure sharing of private information within the blockchain network. A reputation-based smart contract is devised to incentivize network nodes to contribute traceability data. The system's performance analysis and practical application demonstrate its ability to enhance query efficiency, safeguard private information, ensure data authenticity and reliability in supply chain management, and meet real-world application requirements.

A traceable and revocable multi-authority attribute-based access control scheme for mineral industry data secure storage in blockchain

With the rapid advancements of the mineral industry, the data generated by this industry chain have increased dramatically. To reduce the growing pressure of data storage and security risks, we design a credible on-chain and off-chain collaborative dual storage system that integrates blockchain technology and Interplanetary file system (IPFS), also construct a traceable and revocable multi-authority ciphertext-policy attributed-based encryption (CP-ABE) algorithm to meet the demand of privacy protection and dynamic fine-grained access control. Furthermore, the multi-authority layered authorization with a central authority model distributes system overhead while enabling the platform can be regulated. More importantly, our scheme achieves accurate trace of the malicious users by white-box traceability and capable of implementing indirect immediate user and attribute revocation without requiring key or ciphertext updates. Finally, the proposed scheme is indistinguishably secure under chosen-plaintext attack (IND-CPA) in the standard model. And the performance analysis demonstrates that our scheme is feature-rich, practical and efficient.

Optimal Energy Management and Storage Sizing for Electric Vehicles With Dual Storage

Battery degradation reduces the performance and lifetime of electric vehicles (EVs). Using energy storage devices with different characteristics alongside the battery can minimize degradation while satisfying driving demands. However, this introduces the additional complexities of sizing multiple storage devices and controlling them in real time. In this brief, we first provide a computationally tractable method to manage power-sharing between dual energy storages using approximate linear programming (ALP), an approximation of infinite horizon dynamic programming (DP). We formulate a procedure to determine the optimal sizes of the two storages based on the solution to the energy management problem to account for the tradeoff between vehicle range, storage size, and weight. We validate our approaches on a numerical case study. Numerical results show that our controller shares power efficiently between the storages, and our sizing procedure provides a design with minimal cost.

Portable solar-powered dual storage integrated system: A versatile solution for emergency

Increasing climate change-caused natural disasters calls for mobile self-powered backup solutions for rescue and survival. However, existing portable solar systems rely on single storage with high risk of suspension in emergency and prolonged cloudy period. This work presents a portable solar-dual storage system, which enables essential loads to function continuously regardless of weather. The system operates with a supercapacitor to buffer fluctuating solar power in the Direct mode, a battery-supercapacitor integration to enable extended low light load usage in the Off-grid mode, and a developed mode selector controller for overall energy management. Optimum size of the supercapacitor was determined to buffer the load and quickly recharge within the average low light period of 5–12 min. The simulated solar irradiance from 400-1000 W/m2 was utilized to verify automatic selection between two independent modes: direct and off-grid. Furthermore, outdoor behavior of the system has been investigated on a representative sunny, cloudy, and mixed day. Moreover, different combinations of DC and AC loads including an 80 W notebook with a power larger than the solar panel (20 W) have been demonstrated to function steadily for a few hours outdoor. This system’s signatures include manual mode selection possibility by users and automatic switching ability to a direct mode for when the battery is completely discharged or malfunction for continuous operation of the loads. This portable solar-powered system can be used in variety of scenarios and provides clean solar energy to essential electrical appliances for lighting, communication etc., thus increasing the chance of survival during emergency.

Molecular engineering of interplanar spacing via π-conjugated phenothiazine linkages for high-power 2D covalent organic framework batteries

<h2>Summary</h2> Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D-COFs) represent an attractive platform for organic electrodes, yet they suffer from inferior power capability caused by poor Li⁺ intercalation in densely π-π stacked interlayers. Herein, featuring nonplanar π-conjugated heteroaromatic linkages, phenothiazine with "butterfly" conformation is integrated as a structural scaffold to instantly tune packing topology and interplanar distance. Corrugated 2D-COF maintaining aromaticity and crystallinity is formed with good electroactivity, enlarged d-spacing, and accessibility to interior Li⁺-interactive sites, which results in remarkable capacity of 220–773 mAh g⁻¹ at high rates ranging from 100 to 3,200 mA g⁻¹ with a good cycle life, bridging the performance gap between power and energy. Mechanistic studies reveal a dual storage mechanism with dominating capacitive storage promoted by π-Li⁺ interactions, as well as enhanced redox activity of carbonyls for better chemical accessibility. These findings elucidate inherent effects of molecular-level d-spacing regulation enabled by heteroaromatics, presenting a new design concept of interlayer engineering for organic porous energy storage materials.

Improving Agricultural Product Traceability Using Blockchain.

Most traditional agricultural traceability systems are centralized, which could result in the low reliability of traceability results, enterprise privacy data leakage vulnerabilities, and the generation of information islands. To solve the above problems, we propose a trusted agricultural product traceability system based on the Ethereum blockchain in this paper. We designed a dual storage model of “Blockchain+IPFS (InterPlanetary File System)” to reduce the storage pressure of the blockchain and realize efficient information queries. Additionally, we propose a data privacy protection solution based on some cryptographic primitives and the Merkle Tree that can avoid enterprise privacy and sensitive data leakage. Furthermore, we implemented the proposed system using the Ethereum blockchain platform and provided the cost, performance, and security analysis, as well as compared it with the existing solutions. The results showed that the proposed system is both efficient and feasible and can meet the practical application requirements.

Dual Battery Storage Technique for Remote, Location-Based Solar PV System and Standalone Applications

Nowadays, the usage of renewable energy resources (RER) is growing rapidly, but at the same time, the effective utilization of RER is also a challenging task. For the better usage of RER and the reduction of loss, the dual battery storage is proposed. The main aim of this work is to focus on the design and implementation of a reliable and renewable power generating system under a robust situation, along with a battery storage system. The perturb and observe (P&amp;O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique has been applied to improve the solar photovoltaic power production. In addition, the dual battery storage system is being introduced to improve the life cycle of the primary storage system. The proposed dual storage system is highly preferable for remote, location-based application systems, space applications and military operations. In the dual battery storage system, the batteries are working effectively with a good lifespan, when compared with the existing methods. To determine the state of charge (SOC) and depth of discharge (DOC), those batteries’ input charging and discharging levels were monitored closely. MATLAB Simulink (R2013) is used for simulation; finally, a real-time, three-phase inverter was designed and validated. Under this dual battery storage mode, the life time of battery is improved.

Dual storage and release of molecular oxygen in comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko

One of the biggest surprises of the Rosetta mission was the detection of O2 in the coma of 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko in remarkably high abundances. The measured levels of O2 in the coma are generally assumed to reflect the overall abundance and chemical origin of cometary O2 in the nucleus. Along with its strong association with H2O and weak association with CO and CO2, these measurements led to the consensus that the source and release of cometary O2 are linked to H2O. We analysed ROSINA observations and found a previously unrecognized change in the correlations of O2 with H2O, CO2 and CO that contradicts the prevailing notion that the release of O2 is linked to H2O at all times. These findings can be explained by the presence of two distinct reservoirs of O2: a pristine source in the deeper nucleus layers dating back to before nucleus formation, and an H2O-trapped secondary reservoir formed during the thermal evolution of the nucleus. These results imply that O2 must have been incorporated into the nucleus in a solid and distinct phase during accretion in significantly lower abundances than previously assumed.

LIHL: Design of a Novel Loop Interlocked Hardened Latch

A single event causing a double-node upset is likely to occur in nanometric complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS). Contemporary hardened latch designs are insufficient in meeting high reliability, low power consumption, and low delay. This paper presents a novel soft error hardened latch, known as a loop interlocked hardened latch (LIHL). This latch consists of four modified cross-coupled elements, based on dual interlocked storage cell (DICE) latch. The use of these elements hardens the proposed LIHL to soft errors. The simulation results showed that the LIHL has single-event double upset (SEDU) self-recoverability and single-event transient (SET) pulse filterability. This latch also reduces power dissipation and propagation delay, compared to other SEDU or SET-tolerant latches.

A Trusted Blockchain-Based Traceability System for Fruit and Vegetable Agricultural Products

Traditional traceability system has problems of centralized management, opaque information, untrustworthy data, and easy generation of information islands. To solve the above problems, this paper designs a traceability system based on blockchain technology for storage and query of product information in supply chain of agricultural products. Leveraging the characteristics of decentralization, tamper-proof and traceability of blockchain technology, the transparency and credibility of traceability information increased. A dual storage structure of “database + blockchain” on-chain and off-chain traceability information is constructed to reduce load pressure of the chain and realize efficient information query. Blockchain technology combined with cryptography is proposed to realize the safe sharing of private information in the blockchain network. In addition, we design a reputation-based smart contract to incentivize network nodes to upload traceability data. Furthermore, we provide performance analysis and practical application, the results show that our system improves the query efficiency and the security of private information, guarantees the authenticity and reliability of data in supply chain management, and meets actual application requirements.

Fuzzy control of dual storage system of an electric drive vehicle considering battery degradation

In this manuscript, fuzzy logic energy management strategy for dual storage system inclu\-ding supercapacitors and battery is proposed in order to prolong battery lifespan and enhance the range of electric drive vehicle (EDV). First an EDV model and three drive cycles (NEDC, UDDS, and NREL) are established in Matlab/Simulink. Then a fuzzy inference system is designed considering three inputs: power demand, state of charge (SOC) of battery and SOC of supercapacitors. An output, which refers to split ratio between supercapacitors and battery power, is determined. Fuzzy rules are constituted in order to decrease not only high level battery current but also number of charge/discharge cycle of battery which are the main factors of battery deterioration. For a performance verification of the proposed method, three drive cycles with different characteristics are considered. Obtained results are compared to two other strategies; one of them is battery only system and the other one is dual storage system managed by logic threshold method. It is shown that the proposed method delivers better and robust performance to prolong battery lifespan.