Dual Status Research Articles

A paramedical team "on the front line" of hospital care for legionnaires

The psychiatric department at the Laveran Army Training Hospital in Marseille is a referral center for legionnaires, a population at high risk of psychological trauma. As part of a multi-disciplinary team, nurses and orderlies play a major role in their care. The dual status of caregiver and soldier is an asset in providing comprehensive care for psychologically injured legionnaires. The service's civilian staff also have extensive knowledge of the military environment.

Ornithological characterisation of the natural habitats’s Lake Dayet Er Roumi (Khemisset, Morocco)

Abstract The permanent natural lake located in the Dayet Er-Roumi lake ecosystem (N 33°74’ - W 6°19’) is a Site of Biological and Ecological Interest (SIBE) that is unique in a semi-continental region. This site has a distinct sub-humid microclimate, in marked contrast to the vast semi-arid zone that surrounds it. Located 15 kilometres south of the town of Khémisset, the lake is subject to significant human pressure due to its ease of access, its importance to local communities and its significant biological value. The overall aim of this study is to analyse the Dayet Er-Roumi lake ecosystem, focusing on the site’s natural habitats and their interactions with the bird population. The study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the environmental health and biodiversity of the lake, given the significant human pressure exerted on it. The research took place during the 2020-2021 campaign, with regular weekly analyses and observations. Analysis of the ecology of bird populations and their natural environments at Lake Dayet Er-Roumi revealed a gradual deterioration in the natural habitats of the lake system. The latter includes wetland habitats such as surface water, the aquatic bed, emergents, trees and shrubs, woodlands and non-vegetative areas, as well as non-wetland habitats such as agricultural fields and residential areas. This alteration has a negative impact on the distribution of bird populations, whether sedentary or migratory. A total of 45 species were recorded during the study, but it is important to note that 4 of them have a dual status, with the following numbers: sedentary breeders (n=1), sedentary non-breeders (n=19), winterers (n=17), migratory passage birds (n=10), and occasional visitors (n=3).

Disparities in Access to Highly Rated Skilled Nursing Facilities among Medicare Beneficiaries with Opioid Use Disorder

ObjectivesTo investigate disparities in admissions to highly rated skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) between Medicare beneficiaries with and without opioid use disorder (OUD). DesignNationwide, retrospective observational cohort. Setting and ParticipantsMedicare Fee-for-Service beneficiaries aged ≥18 years admitted to SNFs following hospitalization during 2016-2020 (n = 30,922 with OUD and n = 137,454 without OUD). MethodsData used were 100% Medicare inpatient claims, nursing home administrative databases, and Nursing Home Compare. We identified hospitalized patients with and without OUD and matched them on age, sex, Part D low-income subsidy (LIS), and residential county. We compared the overall and component (quality, staffing, and health inspections) star ratings of SNFs that beneficiaries entered. Beneficiary-level regression models were conducted adjusting for race and ethnicity, Medicare-Medicaid dual status, comorbidity score, hospital length of stay, and state and year fixed effects. ResultsThe overall study sample had a mean (SD) age of 71.4 (11.4) years, 63.9% were female, and 57.4% had LIS. Among beneficiaries with OUD, 50.3% entered SNFs with above-average (4 or 5) overall rating compared with 51.3% among those without OUD. Distributions of above-average ratings among beneficiaries with and without OUD were as follows: 63.9% vs 62.2% for quality, 32.8% vs 34.9% for health inspections, and 46.2% vs 45.0% for staffing, respectively. Adjusted regression models indicated that beneficiaries with OUD were less likely to be admitted to facilities with above-average overall (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.87-0.92), health inspection (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.88-0.93), and staffing (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.89-0.94) ratings compared with beneficiaries without OUD, whereas quality (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.95-1.01) ratings did not differ. Conclusions and ImplicationsDespite mixed results on component ratings, our findings suggest a concerning disparity in the overall quality of SNFs admitting Medicare beneficiaries with OUD. Enhancing equitable access to high-quality SNF care for individuals with OUD is imperative amid rising demand and legal protections under the American Disabilities Act.

Do Medicare Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Patients' Self-Care and Mobility Outcomes Vary by Dual Eligibility Status, Race and Ethnicity, Rural Residence, Socioeconomic Status, and Living Alone?

To examine whether inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) patients' risk-adjusted functional outcomes varied with five social drivers of health: Medicare-Medicaid dual eligibility status, race and ethnicity, rural residence, socioeconomic status (SES), and living alone. This cohort study examined unadjusted and adjusted mobility and self-care change scores during IRF stays for 428,710 Medicare patients with and without social drivers of health. Regression models isolated the mean marginal effect of each of the five social factors on mobility and self-care change scores after adjusting for covariates. Patients with full dual status had slightly lower risk-adjusted mobility and self-care improvement (-4.5% and -3.3%, respectively) compared to patients without dual status. Patients who identified as Black, Asian and Native Hawaiian had self-care marginal effects that were slightly lower (-4.8%, -4.1% and -3.7%, respectively) than patients who were White. Patients living in lower SES neighborhoods and patients who lived alone had slightly higher mobility and self-care improvement scores. Risk-adjusted marginal differences in improvement scores for patients with and without these social factors were small and did not meet the meaningfully different criteria. Overall, IRF patients' risk-adjusted functional outcomes did not vary meaningfully by dual eligibility status, race or ethnicity, rural residence, SES or living alone.

Home Health Quality among Hospitalized Older Adults with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia: Association with Race/Ethnicity and Dual Eligibility before and during the COVID Pandemic

ObjectivesDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, home health agencies (HHAs) discharges following acute hospitalizations increased. This study examined whether racial and ethnic minoritized and socioeconomically disadvantaged patients (ie, Medicare-Medicaid dual-eligible) were differentially discharged to below-average quality HHAs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We focused on post-acute patients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), who are generally frail and have high care needs. DesignCohort study. Setting and ParticipantsWe linked 2019 to 2021 Medicare data with Area Deprivation Index (ADI), Home Health Compare, and COVID-19 infection data. We included Medicare beneficiaries with ADRD who were hospitalized for non-COVID-19 conditions and discharged to HHAs between January 2019 and November 2021. The final analytical sample included 426,766 qualified hospitalization events. MethodsThe outcome variable was whether a patient received care from a below-average quality HHA, defined by an average Quality of Patient Care Star Rating lower than 3.0. Key independent variables included individual race, ethnicity, and Medicare-Medicaid dual status. Linear probability models with county fixed effects were estimated, sequentially adjusting for the individual- and community-level covariates. Sensitivity analysis using various definitions of below-average quality HHAs was conducted. ResultsBefore the pandemic, Black and Hispanic individuals had significantly higher probabilities of discharge to below-average quality HHAs compared with white individuals (3.4 and 3.9 percentage points, respectively). Dual-eligible individuals were also 2.5 percentage points more likely to be discharged to below-average quality HHAs. During the pandemic, disparities in being discharged to below-average quality HHAs persisted among racial and ethnic minoritized patients and increased among duals. Findings were consistent with and without adjusting for individual covariates and across different definitions of below-average quality HHA. Conclusions and ImplicationsPersistent disparities were observed in being discharged to below-average quality HHAs by race, ethnicity, and dual status. Further research is needed to identify factors contributing to these ongoing inequalities.

범행현장에서의 특별사법경찰관의 절차상 의무와 영상촬영의 적법성에 대한 검토

Unlike ordinary judicial police officers, special judicial police officers have the dual status of being enforcement officers for administrative criminal law violations and special judicial police officers for criminal proceedings, and it is a peculiarity that whether an investigation falls under administrative or criminal proceedings depends on the specific case at the time of initiation of the investigation, and the applicable law at each stage. Therefore, the applicable law and procedural obligations may vary depending on the nature of each specific act, and the special investigative police officer should fully consider this when making a judgment on the admissibility of evidence collected by the special investigative police officer. In addition, our precedents have recognized the legality of video recording by investigative agencies as a method of evidence collection at the scene of a crime, emphasizing that it is a substantial method of recording in a public place, and [the subject judgment] ruled to the same effect. In the reality that there is a growing need to regulate the verification behavior of investigative agencies according to the new compromise theory beyond the conflict between arbitrary and compulsory investigation theories, the point of precedent is extremely appropriate.

‘But why is a Ghanaian studying Liberia?’ Leveraging positionality for online data collection during the COVID-19 pandemic

This paper explores the significance of my positionality as a Ghanaian interested in a Liberian identity question and examines how it influenced the dialogical process of research design and online data collection. Emphasising the fluidity of the insider/outsider binary, the study unveils its potential to cultivate positive online interview experiences, augmenting the overall depth and quality of interview data. Notably, my dual status as an outsider, owing to Ghanaian nationality and pandemic-induced physical distance, and as an insider, being a racialised Black African like some participants, significantly influenced unique relationships with study participants, facilitating access and contributing to an enriched data collection experience.

Assisted living residents with dementia: Disparities in mental health services pre and during COVID-19.

Little is known about mental health among Medicare beneficiaries with Alzheimer's disease or related dementias (ADRD) who reside in assisted living (AL) communities. The COVID-19 pandemic may have curtailed ambulatory care access for these residents, but telehealth may have expanded it. We examined in-person and telehealth use of ambulatory mental health visits among AL residents with ADRD, pre and during the COVID pandemic, focusing on race/ethnicity and Medicare/Medicaid dual status. A CY2018 cohort of AL residents with ADRD was identified. Outcome was any quarterly in-person or telemedicine mental health visit based on national CY2019-2020 Medicare claims. Key independent variables were individual race/ethnicity and dual status and the AL-level proportion of dual residents. We estimated a linear probability model with random effects and robust standard errors. Quarterly indicators captured service use before and after the onset of the pandemic. The study included 102,758 fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries with ADRD in 13,400 ALs. One in five residents had any mental health visits prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Black residents, and those with dual Medicare/Medicaid eligibility, were significantly less likely to use mental health services prior to and during the pandemic. There were no significant differences in visits via telemedicine by race/ethnicity or individual dual status. Residents in AL communities with a higher proportion of duals had a lower likelihood of visits before and during the pandemic. Mental health service use among AL residents with ADRD was low and declining prior to the pandemic. Telehealth allowed for mental health visits to continue during the pandemic, albeit at a lower level. Residents in ALs with a higher proportion of duals were less likely to have in-person or telehealth visits. The results suggest that some ALs may find it difficult to assure mental health service provision to this vulnerable population.

Post-acute care transitions during COVID-19: Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic differences in older adults with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia.

Differences in the post-acute care (PAC) destinations among racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups have been documented before the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the pandemic's impact on these differences remains unknown. We examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on PAC destinations and its variation by individual race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status among community-dwelling older adults with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD). We linked 2019-2021 national data (Medicare claims, Minimum Data Set, Master Beneficiary Summary File) and several publicly available datasets, including Provider of Services File, Area Deprivation Index, Area Health Resource File, and COVID-19 infection data. PAC discharge destinations included skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), home health agencies (HHA), and homes without services. Key variables of interest included individual race, ethnicity, and Medicare-Medicaid dual status. The analytic cohort included 830,656 community-dwelling Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries with ADRD who were hospitalized between 2019 and 2021. Regression models with hospital random effects and state-fixed effects were estimated, stratified by the time periods, and adjusted for the individual, hospital, and county-level covariates. SNF discharges decreased while home and HHA discharges increased during the pandemic. The trend was more prominent among racial and ethnic minoritized groups and even more so among dual-eligible beneficiaries. For instance, the reduction in the probabilities of SNF admissions between the pre-pandemic period and the 2nd year of COVID was 4.6 (White non-duals), 18.5 (White duals), 8.7 (Black non-duals), and 20.1 (Black duals) percentage-point, respectively. We also found that non-duals were more likely to replace SNF with HHA services, while duals were more likely to be discharged home without HHA. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted PAC destinations for individuals with ADRD, especially among socioeconomically disadvantaged and racial and ethnic minoritized populations. Future research is needed to understand if and how these transitions may have affected health outcomes.

Racial Discourses in Aegean Prehistory c. 1900: The Case of the Cupbearer Fresco at Knossos

This article traces characterizations of the Cupbearer fresco, named after the large vessel the figure holds and uncovered at the site of Knossos in 1900, in light of the research agendas about the ‘races’ of the prehistoric Aegean and traditions of racial science current in late Victorian Britain. The head of the Cupbearer was compared to Classical Greek art, modern Cretan populations, and cranial remains from prehistoric contexts. Drawing from academic publications, articles in the press, and reports of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, the author situates the discourse surrounding the Cupbearer in the context of scholars seeking the origins of ‘European’ civilization in prehistory, and the creation of racial typologies, especially using cranial measurements and photography. The Cupbearer gained a dual status as a racial portrait comparable to past and present human populations, but also as a work of art that prefigured the later achievements of Classical Greece.

Motherhood, Mental Incompetence, and the Denial of Reproductive Autonomy in the Early Years of Israeli Statehood

Abstract As the State of Israel defined citizenship rights for its Jewish population after independence in 1948, it also began to articulate the rights of those affected by disabilities of the mind—i.e., psychiatric, cognitive, and learning disabilities—by issuing, for example, the “Law for the Management of Institutes” (1952) and the “Law for the Treatment of the Mentally Ill” (1955). Due to haphazard state-building and insufficient funding, however, this process was slow and uneven. In the meantime, people with mental and cognitive disabilities often remained vulnerable to abuse and sexual violence in domestic and institutional spaces and suffered from a lack of proper care and accommodation. Operating on the assumption that disability of the mind could be transmitted from generation to generation, some medical professionals contemplated sterilization as a way to prevent the reproduction of mental disability in the children of affected parents, but the lingering trauma caused by the Holocaust and Nazi racial hygiene hindered their plan. This article examines a 1954 case involving a cognitively disabled woman who was brought to court for neglecting her children. Due to her delinquent parenting, she was slated to undergo sterilization, but her legal incompetence raised a host of ethical questions that tested the psychiatrists’ and judicial authorities’ assumptions about cognitive competence, civic fitness, and reproductive autonomy. By examining contemporary press reports of the legal proceedings, their larger context, and their consequences, this article shows how the woman remained hostage to male-dominated power structures that devalued her dual status as a mother and as a cognitively impaired citizen. While this case study shows how easily overridden were the liberties and protections of those affected by disabilities of the mind, it can also be viewed as a situation that impelled the Israeli public to contemplate the rights of the cognitively disabled, foreshadowing later movements aimed at expanding the boundaries of society to include members of many degrees of ability.

Social Structure Analysis in Management of South Sumatra Inland Waters

Abstract The social structure of inland fisheries communities tends to place powerful elites in important positions, while local fishermen are subordinate actors. Patronage is a form of social relationship that describes the unequal social structure between these actors. This research aimed to analyze social structure in the inland waters of South Sumatra in the practice of the Lebak Lebung and River Auction (L3S) in OKI District. To achieve this goal, a constructivist paradigm with qualitative research methods was employed, and the sample comprised 39 informants selected as subjects. The data analysis was conducted in three distinct stages, namely data reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the regulation of open access for all parties in the local government regime after 1982 created an institutionalized social relations structure where the government, investors, traders, middlemen, and non-fishing actors dominated compared to the fishermen. The participants in this social landscape strived to accumulate capital to enhance their competitiveness within the L3S domain. A patronage system was implemented with middlemen assuming the role of patron and the fishermen acting as their clients. The current institutional social structure has created an unfair distribution of resource benefits for fishing workers. The novelty theories were found in the working relations of the inland waters community of South Sumatra, namely stratified distribution of rights, dual status, multi-stage patronage, and the positive function of patronage for chief fisherman. Further research should be conducted to research policy revitalization and develop strategic inland water management models. Highlight Research The author mentioned 3 highlights from their results research: Auction system in inland waters in South Sumatra presents an unfair distribution for fishermen. Structure of the working relationship formed is an asymmetric patron-client relationship but with novel theories such as the stratified distribution of rights model, dual status, multi-stage patronage, and the positive function of patronage. An imbalance in local access to auction objects due to their weak ability to accumulate capital.

Нападение на свободу науки

The case study conducted by the authors, based on an analysis of 49 recent cases of dismissal/demotion of professors at German universities, gives them reason to revisit the actualized problem of restricting or manipulating academic freedoms in favor of asserting a mainstream political agenda. If a university is, first of all, a state institution, and its professors are civil servants, then how is it possible today to defend the university’s right to positive differences and the professors’ right to an alternative point of view, defending innovative ideas or non—traditional views? This question both repeats and varies the problematization of the dual status of science, which was exemplary formulated in Max Weber’s report Science as a Vocation (1917). The task of science is to provide individuals and society with knowledge that is otherwise inaccessible. And this task is now clearly a topic of discussion both in teaching and in scientific research. Continuing Weber’s line of critical reflection, the authors summarize their research by stating that today we have reached a science that no longer provides individuals and society with a framework within which actions that are also morally justified can be reflected and justified. Instead, we are dealing with science, which is shaped by politics. Scientists and teachers who are unable or unwilling to sacrifice the freedom of science in favor of the political mainstream and adjust their research and training courses to externally imposed values are labeled as “controversial” or “ideologically obstinate” and themselves become the objects of both internal university investigations and media campaigns aimed at depriving their activities of scientific status.

RECEIPT OF GENDER-AFFIRMING SURGERY AMONG MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES

Abstract While transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people may never seek treatment related to their gender identity, many require access to gender-affirming treatments, including surgery. Starting in 2014, Medicare began covering gender-affirming surgery (GAS) on a case-by-case basis. In this study, we use national Medicare data to compare receipt of GAS by beneficiary characteristics. We classified TGD beneficiaries using an algorithm that combines diagnosis and procedure codes. Our study compared characteristics for all TGD identified beneficiaries and those who received GAS using a population-averaged logistic model using a generalized estimating equation (GEE) adjusting for dual status, age group, race/ethnicity, original reason for entitlement, and CMS region. Our sample accounted for 49,945 observations for 11,162 individuals, with a total of 290 identified records of GAS. In our adjusted analysis, we found that TGD beneficiaries in certain parts of the country had lower odds of GAS compared to their counterparts. Compared to CMS Region 1 (which includes Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont), those living in Region 3 (Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia), Region 4 (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee), and Region 6 (Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas) had a significantly lower odds of receiving GAS. Access to gender-affirming care may be influenced by CMS regional contractors, as well as state-by-state variation in Medicaid coverage for gender-affirming care. Further research is needed to explain why beneficiaries may have lower access to GAS to inform policy recommendations.

Coming of age in recovery: The prevalence and correlates of substance use recovery status among adolescents and emerging adults.

To date, no epidemiological survey has estimated the prevalence of adolescents identifying as being in recovery. This is necessary for planning and identifying the needs of youth with current and remitted substance use disorders. This study estimated the prevalence of recovery status in a large statewide epidemiological survey administered between January and March 2020. Participants were high school students in 9th through 12th grades throughout Illinois. Youth were asked if they were in recovery and if they had resolved problems with substances. Youth who reported recovery and problem resolving dual status (DS), recovery only (RO), and problem resolution only (PRO) were compared to propensity score matched control groups who reported neither status (neither/nor; NN). Outcomes included alcohol use, binge alcohol use, cannabis use, and prescription drug use in the past 30 days. Prevalence estimates were 884 (1.4%) for DS, 1546 (2.5%) for PRO, and 1,811 (2.9%) for RO. Relative to propensity matched control samples, all three groups had significantly lower odds of prescription drug use. The PRO group had lower odds of past month cannabis use. There were no significant differences for either alcohol outcome. Prevalence estimates of youth in recovery are slightly lower than those of adults in recovery, and estimates should be replicated. Youth in recovery and those resolving problems have numerous behavioral health needs, and relative to matched controls, have even odds for past 30-day alcohol use. These findings compel us to further define recovery for adolescents and emerging adults to allow for improving treatments and epidemiological research.

Assessing the Feasibility of Eco-Industrial Parks in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Thang Long II Industrial Park in Vietnam

Eco-industrial parks (EIPs) exemplify sustainable industrial development by maximizing resource efficiency through waste material reuse. However, their global implementation encounters challenges. This paper introduces two key contributions to the EIP literature. Firstly, it presents a simple, interdisciplinary framework for assessing the feasibility of transitioning to or establishing new EIPs. Secondly, it applies this framework to evaluate EIP development in Vietnam, focusing on Thang Long Industrial Park II (TLIPII) as a case study and drawing implications for other developing nations. TLIPII is remarkable for its adherence to national environmental standards, with a dual status of partial occupancy and ongoing infrastructure development. This study suggests the potential for a partial EIP transition in the occupied area and establishing a new EIP in the remaining portion. Yet substantial challenges persist due to institutional barriers like the absence of incentive policies, specific implementation guidance, and environmental regulations. TLIPIIs case underscores crucial success factors for EIP development: active stakeholder engagement, a comprehensive EIP management framework, clear stakeholder responsibilities, and the involvement of local-level actors. It also highlights the importance of flexible environmental regulations, incentives, robust stakeholder engagement, and well-defined policy frameworks. These lessons from TLIPII can inform actionable policy recommendations for other developing countries. By applying these insights, these nations can chart a roadmap for sustainable industrialization while addressing the challenges and opportunities of the EIP model.

Challenges Affecting Parental Involvement in Competence-Based Curriculum Implementation in Tanga

In Tanzania, parents hold dual status in educational matters; they are stakeholders and they are important actors in curriculum implementation. The researcher subscribed to a qualitative approach, which involved a case study design to examine the challenges affecting parental involvement in the implementation of a competence-based curriculum in primary schools. The study used two instruments: a documentary review and an interview. The interview involved four parents whose children study in different primary schools in Tanga. The documentary review entailed reading various academic articles that contained information about parental involvement in education matters of their children. The findings indicated that parental involvement is affected by economic constraints and time constraints, among others. In conclusion, challenges such as financial constraints, less encouragement, perceptions, and insufficient awareness of parents’ roles in the implementation of CBC, specifically in primary schools, have led to unsuccessful home- and school-based parental involvement. Finally, the researcher recommends that school staff and the MoEST should provide education to parents on the significance of parental involvement and encourage parental involvement by educating parents on the importance of CBC implementation. Also, schools should offer a variety of ways through which parents can participate in the implementation of CBC

Rangkap Status Muzaki Dan Mustahik Pada Pendistribusian Zakat

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelusur lebih jauh rangkap status antara muzaki atau orang yang diwajibkan berzakat dengan mustahik yaitu orang yang berhak diberi harta zakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan sosiologi-hukum yakni pendekatan yang berhubungan dengan gejala sosial yang This study aims to explore further the dual status between muzaki or people who are obliged to pay zakat and mustahik, namely people who are entitled to be given zakat assets. This study uses a qualitative method, the research approach used in this study is a socio-legal approach, namely an approach related to social phenomena that occur in society which is then studied from a legal perspective related to these social phenomena. The results of this study indicate that there is a dual status that occurs in society related to the distribution of zakat itself. This dual status results in unequal welfare of the mustahik. Of course, if this continues without any bright spot, it will become an unresolved fiqh issue and further distance from the target of improving people's welfare because it cannot provide legal certainty for them. This requires special attention from Muslim scholars, or academics to complete or rectify the thirst for knowledge of the community, especially for the amil so that they can act properly, because the amil have not found the answers they need to answer this question. So that there is a common understanding and perception in dealing with this issue. This dual status is closely related to the perfection of worship for Muslims in terms of paying zakat assets because it is related to the validity of their worship.

Black girl magic: Empowerment stories of black dual status girls

Youth formally involved in the child welfare and juvenile justice systems, referred to as dual status youth-face unique challenges in their systems involvement. There is a steady increase of Black dual status girls. Black dual status girls experience compounding racially gendered discrimination and inequities in these systems, including occurrences of sexual abuse in out-of-home placements and harsher juvenile punishments for minor delinquent acts. These gruesome realities can be overwhelming for Black girls leaving them tasked to navigate toward positive outcomes independently or with limited positive support. Still, Black girls demonstrate a strong ability to overcome discriminatory adversities, through a relentless dismissal of narratives of racialized and gendered stereotypes; and using their empowered voices to recount personal stories of their lived experiences of dual system involvement. Theoretical frameworks for understanding the empowerment of Black dual status girls have focused on deficits, and disregarding the powerful intersectional, gendered systemic racism they endure. Thus, this study proposes a conceptual framework to view the protective factors and positive racialized and gendered identity of Black dual-status females. The approach in this study is to integrate Critical Race Theory (CRT) and Black feminism. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, six Black women, 18–36 years old (M = 25) with previous dual system involvement were interviewed with their responses explored in a retrospective analysis. The participants described obstacles related to their dual system involvement and their outcomes of living powerful and successful lives in adulthood. Key themes from findings are: 1) unveiling structural and gendered experiences of Black dual status girls; 2) trauma and triumph: navigating adversity through resistance, critical interrogation of oppressive systems, and engaging in collective responsibility; and 3) Black girl magic: celebrating the strengths and empowerment demonstrated by Black women and girls through centering their voices, raising the collective consciousness, and emphasizing collective responsibility. Illuminating the voices of Black empowered girls in this study is critical in interrupting racial and gender discrimination in these systems and will contribute to how anti-oppressive practices for Black girls are reimagined.

Shaping the Elite of Attalid Pergamon: A Reappraisal of the Epigraphic Dossiers Concerning Priesthoods

The history of Hellenistic Pergamon is deeply affected by the dual status of a polis that also functioned as a dynastic residence. This overlap between civic and royal institutions significantly impacted the political life of the city. This paper contributes to the ongoing debate about honorific habits and the consolidation of the civic elite of Pergamon by focusing on the triangular interactions between the Attalids, their court, and the polis’ institutions in the period from Eumenes I to Attalos III. To do so, several dossiers concerning the priesthoods and religious liturgies of Attalid Pergamon will be reassessed by paying attention to their tenure, appointment, privileges, and the social groups that held these charges.