Dual-career Families Research Articles

Striving for balance: A review of female dermatologists’ perspective on managing a dual-career household,

As the gender gap in medicine continues to close, female dermatologists are striving to balance the competing demands of career ambitions and family responsibilities. Despite gaining a new sense of autonomy and personal fulfillment, working women report feelings of guilt, frustration, and exhaustion as they struggle to be a good doctor, partner, mother, family member, and friend. The presence of children in the household and the asymmetrical division of labor have been reported as main stressors for women in dual-career families. Finding time for self-care and maintaining a robust support system are effective strategies to mitigate these challenges.In this study, we performed a literature review to evaluate the internal and external pressures among working women in dual-career families. In addition, we provide the personal commentary of Sara Samimi and Karolyn A. Wanat, two female dermatologists living in dual-career families, to gain further insight into the difficulties of balancing personal and professional responsibilities.

맞벌이 가정의 일 · 가정양립과 행복수준에 관한 연구

This study aimed to investigate work-family balance, related factors, and the happiness level of dual career families in order to make work-family balance and work efficiency harmonious. This study was conducted in 2017 using written questionnaires completed by 630 dual career families residing in Seoul, Korea. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics 23.0 and the following statistical methods: frequency, percentiles, the mean, standard deviation, one-way ANOVA, Cronbach’s alpha, and hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis.BR The most influential factors for the happiness of dual families was found to be gender(females), higher education, income, work satisfaction, having knowledge about the governmental work-family balance policy, and higher level of work-family balance.BR To increase the happiness level of dual career families, establish the system, and creation of family-friendly company based on the consideration of significant effect of system’s awareness of married couple’s communication, working satisfaction level, and work-family balance, there is a necessity to figure out the various ways.

Peranan dan Tanggungjawab Ibu Bapa dalam Pengasuhan Anak dan Remaja


 
 
 This conceptual paper emphasizes roles and responsibilities of parents towards children particularly teenagers. Currently, Malaysia shows an increasing of teenagers’ involvement in social problems. The increasing of social problem is believed due to lack of roles and responsibilities played by parents especially for dual-career families. Besides that other problem contributed to the increasing of social problems was less communication between parents and children. Therefore, this paper also emphasizes the role of communication in effort to build a good and harmoniousrelationship between parents and teenagers and outlines the roles and responsibilities of parents towards children and families.
 
 

Both Parents Working: Challenges and Strains in Managing the Reconciliation of Career and Family Life in Dual-Career Families. Empirical Evidence from Austria

The presented empirical data analysis aims to shed light on the persistence of gender inequalities in sharing parenting responsibilities and addresses possible improvements for realising gender equality. In recent decades, family policies in the European Union have targeted the increase of men’s shares in parental leave (=paternal leave) as well as women’s participation in the labour market. Following the results of the Lisbon Treaty in 2000, many EU member states including Austria introduced non-transferable fathers’ quotas in their regulations on parental leave. Subsequently, the share of men on parental leave increased. Nevertheless, both in number and duration, men’s childcare allowance claims have remained lower than women’s claims. This paper investigates shared parental leave practices based on 36 interviews with fathers on paternal leave, and 14 follow-up interviews with parents after paternal leave. The qualitative data reveal the challenges that arise when both parents are faced with reconciling work and family during and after parental leave. Although the data showed that progress has been made in reducing gender inequality, the interviews make clear that employers’ attitudes perpetuate traditional gendered expectations of parental leave claims and still focus on images of a male breadwinner. Also, the distribution of gainful and family work reveals gender inequalities. The paper therefore discusses challenges that arise in the realisation of current gender and family policies in order to provide a basis for making changes that further enhance the opportunities for dual-career couples within the organisation of parental leave laws.

Spirituality, dual career family worker, demographic factors, and organizational commitment: evidence from religious affairs in Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to specify whether spirituality, age, and tenurehave an effect on organizational commitment and to determine whether themoderating variables, i.e. dual career family worker, moderates the effect ofspirituality, age, and tenure on organizational commitment. The samples ofthe study were 90 staffs and lecturers of three educational institutions under the Ministry of Religious Affairs located in Central Java. They were IAINSurakarta, IAIN Salatiga, and MTsN 1 Surakarta. The research used Moderated Regression Analysis to analyze the data. The results showed that spirituality and tenure positively affect organizational commitment and dual careerfamily worker moderated the effect of spirituality and tenure on organizational commitment. Dual career family worker in this study can be categorized as a quasi-moderation variable.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah spiritualitas, usia,dan masa jabatan berpengaruh terhadap komitmen organisasi dan untukmenentukan apakah dual career family worker sebagai variabel moderasi dapatmemoderasi pengaruh spiritualitas, usia, dan masa jabatan terhadap komitmenorganisasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan 90 karyawan dan dosen sebagai sampeldari tiga institusi pendidikan di bawah Kementerian Agama di Jawa Tengah:IAIN Surakarta, IAIN Salatiga, dan MTsN 1 Surakarta. Teknik analisis yangdigunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Analisis Regresi Moderasi. Hasilnyamenunjukkan bahwa spiritualitas dan masa jabatan secara positif mempengaruhikomitmen organisasi dan dual career family worker sebagai variabel moderasimampu memoderasi spiritualitas dan masa jabatan terhadap komitmenorganisasi. Dual career family worker dalam penelitian ini dimasukkan sebagaivariabel moderasi kuasi.

Perceived Self-Efficacy, Domestic Violence and Women's Ability to Break Industrial Glass Ceiling

The purpose of this study was to examine perceived influence of self-efficacy and domestic violence on women's ability to break industrial glass ceiling and become leaders in their chosen careers. A total of 150 women working in 3 government departments in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria comprised our study group. Participation was voluntary. Participants filled out questionnaires anonymously. Women's ability to break glass ceiling was measured using industrial glass ceiling questionnaire constructed by the researchers. The self-efficacy questionnaire and the domestic violence scales, also developed by the researchers, measured self-efficacy and practices of domestic violence by women. Results showed that self-efficacy [F(1,146) = 4.85, P < .05] and the interaction of domestic violence and self-efficacy [F(1,146) = 5.95 P < .05] significantly influenced women's ability to break industrial glass ceiling. We found that the nature of domestic violence — whether it was emotional or physical — differentially impacts women's career aspiration depending on their levels of self-efficacy. Women who reported high self-efficacy in the midst of exposure to emotional violence made the greatest effort to break industrial barriers towards career success. In the same way, women who reported low self-efficacy in an atmosphere of emotional violence were found to perform least in ability to achieve career goals. Physical violence however showed a near-inelastic effect irrespective of whether the women were high or low in self-efficacy. We therefore suggest that partners in dual career families should denounce violence and be supportive of each other in order to boost each other's (especially the wife's) self-efficacy, not only to achieve career success but also to meet the labyrinth of demands that marriage has placed on each partner.

AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF FAMILY’S THEATRICAL ROLE IN INFLUENCING CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR

INTRODUCTION:Consumer behaviour can be defined as the decision making process and physical activity involved acquiring, evaluating, using and disposing of goods and services. Consumer behavior refers to the behaviour that consumer display in searching purchasing, using, evaluating and disposing of products and services that they expect to satisfy the needs.So far as family theatrical role in influencing consumer behaviour is concerned; Family is an important consumption and spending unit. It is crucial for marketers to understand families since they frequently seek to influence the purchase decisions made by them. This involves a study of the nature of decision-making process, that is, an investigation of role structure in decision-making among the members of a family and the family specific characteristics. Role-structure in decision-making describes the manner in which influence, across elements of the decision process, is distributed among members of a decision-making unit (Anderson & Sullivan, 1993). According to Pavleen (2006), family role structure is defined as the way in which members of the unit taking decision influence the process of making decisions. The nature of influence of family members is also seen to vary by product category. While for some product purchases, husband may be most influential, for others, wife or other family members may decide about all or most dimensions of the purchase. The possibilities of dominance between spouses may take any of the following forms:? Autonomic decisions: Where decisions are made unilaterally by the spouse.? Husband-dominated decisions: Where husband has the most significant influence in purchase outcome.? Wife-dominated decisions: Where wife has the most significant influence in purchase out-come.? Syncretic decisions: Where the spouses jointly decide about the purchase.Role-specialization of wives is observed to be high for purchase of groceries, furniture, and clothing, while that of husbands is significant for the purchase of automobiles and life insurance policies. Vacations and housing decisions are seen to fall under the joint-consensus category and those of savings, investments and household appliances under the autonomic category.Families are more complex to understand as compared to individual consumers for specific roles played by family members undergo dynamic and continuous changes because of psychographic and attitudinal metamorphosis. Some families remain essentially traditional in their life styles following the traditional role patterns and relationships, while others adopt more materialistic orientations; wherein the individual family member becomes of prime importance because of his individuality. In such families, the choice of each individual needs to be considered independently and every individual priority owes due consideration before the final decision outcome. Still, some other families are left in between-trying to adopt the modern life style and at the same time confining to the traditional norms and values. The roles and relationships in such families follow an entirely different pattern. These shifts are also being increasingly caused by participation of women in the labor force. The dual-career families, within a social stratum, have relatively greater discretionary income to buy products that are otherwise sometimes out of reach, for single-earner families. Not only are the buying structures different, but also the persons involved in the purchase and use of these products differ due to various factors playing in the family, one of which is the time pressure experienced by women in such families. Children also display varying levels of involvement not only across product categories but also across family types.Influence is assumed when due to the act of a person in a particular way; another person's behaviour is affected or influenced. For an analyst on consumer behavior in a family, it is essential to know who is important for what aspects of decision making. …

Support for female international business travellers in dual-career families

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate experiences of female international business travellers living in dual-career families (DCFs) who also have childcare obligations. In particular, the paper explores in which way different sources of support – specifically organizational support – are perceived as important and are available to the women under research. Because of the women’s regular absences due to business trips and the fulfilment of their family role, challenges regarding childcare or household responsibilities may occur. Consequently and also according to social support theory, different types of support may be necessary to organize family and international career, and effectively perform in both environments.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examines the experiences and thoughts of these women with special regards on support issues. Data are collected from 51 semi-structured interviews with internationally travelling women in DCF situations originating from seven Western and non-Western countries. The interviews are analysed applying template analysis.FindingsResults show that, across countries, support is mainly derived from within family. Regarding institutional or organizational support, however, the reported expectations and actually offered activities differ because of local institutional and cultural variations. The examined women value different forms of organizational support, but do not necessarily expect it.Originality/valueThis paper represents the first exploratory examinations of various forms of support for female international business travellers in DCFs suggested by social support theory. It includes a culturally diverse sample and contributes to cross-cultural career research.

乳幼児をもつ親の育児感情と自分の役割配分と幸福感の関連

The hypothesis that parents with infants maintain or improve their well-being by modifying the allocation of five self-roles (parental, professional, spousal, regional, and individual) through childcare-related emotions was investigated. Participants were parents of infants (N=859), who responded to a web-based questionnaire survey. Results indicated differences between fathers and mothers, as well as between single- and dual-career families. Modifications in role allocation resulting from childcare-related emotions influenced parental well-being: parenting satisfaction improved parental role allocation in all three groups, except in dual-career fathers; parenting stress and satisfaction were associated with professional role allocation in dual-career mothers; and high parenting satisfaction and stress were positively associated with spousal role allocation in single-career fathers. The hypothesis of this study was supported in three groups, excluding dual-career fathers. The reasons for this exception are discussed. Findings also suggested that fathers' active involvement in child rearing enhanced the well-being of parents with infants.

Global boundary work tactics: managing work and family transitions in a 24–7 global context

ABSTRACTThis study addresses how today’s global managers navigate their work and family transitions through employing various boundary work tactics in a global context. Interviews with 25 global travelers or international business travelers in dual-career families uncovered how they handle global workflows and protect family time when working domestically or abroad. Patterns emerged across a typology of temporal, communicative, behavioral and physical boundary work tactics. A key contribution is that workplace flexibility in addition to technology allows global managers to maintain connectivity beyond spatial or temporal boundaries. Moreover, technology was perceived as an integral tool by global managers, with few cases of tensions reported from a blurring of boundaries. The research contributes to the nascent literature on work-life balance among global managers. It also provides evidence of how mobile and telepresence technologies are being used in performing global work. Companies are encouraged to foster flexibility among their global managers around viewing time and using communication techniques and technology to manage role transitions. Results suggest that global work approached in this manner can be sustainable as well as beneficial to the individual, his/her family, and the organization.

Demokratyzacja relacji małżeńskich i rodzicielskich we współczesnych rodzinach

A contemporary family is a space of constant changes concerning both its structure and function as well as the roles and relations of its members. One of the processes, that takes place in it, according to A. Giddens, it is the process of democratization, which corresponds to the process of democratization in the public sphere. It concerns equality of family members, their mutual respect, autonomy of each of them, lack of violence, and decision-making based on negotiation and dialogue. These processes also occur in Polish families. The aim of this article is to present the contexts of democratization of marital and parental relations based on the analysis of the everyday life of dual-career families, in which both professionally active women and men engaged in their fatherhood go beyond stereotypical family roles. The conceptions of egalitarian relations between spouses and egalitarian parenthood were analyzed in detail.

Married, mom and manager – how can this be combined with an international career?

The purpose of this paper is to examine the experiences of females combining global careers, in particular, frequent international business travel and a dual-career family. With the increasing popularity of alternate forms of expatriation, females have the opportunity to follow a global career while being in a dual-career partnership and having children. Previous research has suggested that alternatives to long-term expatriation, such as international business travel, are considered more family friendly. Integrating family and international business travel, however, still poses many challenges to women. This paper examines the ways in which they handle this challenging situation according to social capital theory. It presents initial exploratory insights stemming from interview data including 25 female international business travelers living in dual-career families from four Western and non-Western countries on four different continents. These interviews, which were analyzed using template analysis, show common ways and similar experiences and understanding of integrating family and career life as female non-traditional expatriates across cultures. Differences remain, however, because of conditions in the local environment.

Dual Career Family and Emotional Development of Adolescents

The dual career family is now obviously a global phenomenon. Women are fully part of the work force and majority of them are now combining the home front with their careers. This new development has a chain of effects on the emotional development of adolescents from such families. The study investigated the relationship between dual career family, the reasons for it, the attitude of house helps and emotional development of the adolescents. A total number of 99 adolescents were sampled from children of dual career families while 94 adolescents were sampled from the children of dual earners family. The subjects were randomly selected from Akure and Akungba respectively. The questionnaire consists of 31 items. Three hypotheses were formulated to be tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that adolescents from dual career families are not significantly different in their emotional development from adolescents from dual career families, with t-cal of 0.164 at 0.05 level of significance. This implies that the psychological and emotional needs of the adolescents may not be hindered because their parents are working. Also, the findings revealed that house helps may not be causing emotional disturbances to the adolescents from both homes because of the nature of their parents’ job with tcal of 0.218.The finding also revealed there is no significant difference in the type of antisocial behaviour involved in by adolescents from both homes with t-cal of 0.036. Adequate recommendations were made based on the findings of the study. Original Research Article Ajidahun; BJESBS, 8(3): 159-166, 2015; Article no.BJESBS.2015.109 160

An overview of health concerns among elderly population

Background: Urbanisation, nuclearisation of family, migration, and dual career families are making care of the elderly more and more of a personal and social problem in India. Objective: Assess the concerns about health issues among elderly people. Methodology: Community based cross-sectional study. Results: 64.4% of the elders were treated well and about 22.9% were treated very well during illness. 86.3% were consulted during illness. Son was the care taker in 55.6% of study subjects. 70.6% of elderly were consulted to allopathic practitioners / Govt Hospitals. Conclusion: It is the responsibility of family to look after elderly in respectful manner, especially during illness. The government should frame policies and provide social and economical security to elders.

Taming travel for work-life balance in global careers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand how global managers from the generation born 1965 to 1980 (“Generation X”) manage demands of international business travel with desires for family involvement. A portrait evolves of how travel within a global career might be optimized for both business and family life. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative methodology was used as little research has focussed on alternative forms of global work or work-family issues in a global context. The author conducted in-depth interviews with 25 Gen X global managers in dual-career families (“Global Gen Xers”) pursuing global careers from the USA and Canada. Findings – The author uncovered how Global Gen Xers experienced “work-life balance” through executing personal discretion over travel and substituting in technology. The construct of travel discretion reveals these approaches. Mutual flexibility on the part of global managers and organizations tamed the demanding nature of work spanning divergent locations and time zones. Research limitations/implications – The findings represent experiences from a self-select group of global Gen X managers interviewed at one point in their careers. The author did not obtain reflections from their families on work-family functioning. Practical implications – The findings encourage companies to foster flexibility among their global managers around travel decisions. The author can consider how and when international travel can be replaced through technology in order to control costs and sustain global workforces. Originality/value – This study provides one of the first examinations of work-life balance among younger global managers. It also highlights experiences of those not on expatriate assignments, but performing global work through international travel and technology.

Spatialities of Work and Home in a Dual-Career Context of Highly Skilled Arab Women in Finland

Abstract This study develops an understanding of the spatialities of the household and workplace by focusing on the post-mobility experiences of highly skilled Arab women living in Finland. These women belong to an ethnic minority and have a dual career, i.e., they have both a professional career at work and a career in taking care of family responsibilities at home. The study calls attention to the importance of family and work as the essential spaces where both opportunities for and barriers against social inclusion exist side by side as these migrant women live in a culturally different society and take part in the competitive labor market. While many studies have dealt with questions of dual-career families from feminist and gender perspectives, this study adopts a relational approach and focuses on the significance of the social spaces of home and work, the importance of micro-individual agency, the meso-structural factors, and the macro-contextual events that affect their dual career between family and work. The study uses a qualitative case study design and these women's narrated life-stories. The research data are collected from semi-structured interviews. The spatiality of work and family life are discussed through an exploratory and interpretive approach. The results of the study underline the necessity of further research on highly skilled ethnic minorities in Finland, as a deeper understanding of their presence in Finnish society and the labor market is required.

MOTHER AND CARRIER: PHENOMENOLOGY STUDY OF DUAL-CARRIER FAMILY

Mother with dual-career family has a dual role to be performed at the same time. Therefore, as a mother with double plays in a dilemma between family and career interests. Data collection using snow-ball technique to 12 informants and informant election using theoretical sampling. The process of data analysis include braketing, horizonalizing, meaning units to get the description textural, imaginative variation to get the description structural, and blends (composite) into a meaning universal. The results showed that although mothers working face a dilemma in attempting to balance career and family, but for the mother's own career is needs to embodiment her self-and actualization strengthen existence. Their role models, the permission of the husband and the state of children, its potential and the desire to improve family economy, as well as the opportunity to rise to Higher career in work place makes mothers works feel need to work but still retains her role as mother and wife. Keywords : Mother , careers , dual - carrier family and self-actualization Copyright © 2014 by Kafa`ah All right reserved DOI : 10.15548/jk.v4i1.93

Influence of Work-Family Conflict and Perceived Social Support on Marital Satisfaction of Individuals with Dual-Career Family in Oyo, Nigeria

Aims: This study examined the influence of Work-Family Conflict (WFC) and Perceived Social Support (PSS) on marital satisfaction of individuals with dual-career family. Study Design: The study adopted a correlational research approach Place and Duration of Study: The study took place at the Department of Educational Psychology, Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria, between May and August, 2012. Methodology: Participants in the study include one hundred and fifty-eight married individuals who were dual-earners selected through a purposive random sampling technique in Oyo area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Three research instruments were employed to elicit response from the participants namely: Index of Marital Satisfaction; Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and Work-Family Conflict Scale. Three research questions were raised. Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple regression models were used for analysis of data generated.

The History and Current Status of Dual-Career Families in Malaysia

Dual-career families in Malaysia began with the influx of women into the workplace. The involvement of women in the labor market became more apparent after independence. In 1985, the Government of Malaysia formulated the National Policy on Women as a guide for women’s participation in the development process. The stature of women became a primary objective of the 6th Malaysia Plan (1991-1995), where a special fund for the development of women became a significant and integral step towards empowering women in Malaysia. In fact, the number of dual-career families in Malaysia is expected to rise due to the increase in female labor force participation rate. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to understand the phenomenon of dual-career families in Malaysia. This paper will focus on the participation of women in the labor force before independence, after independence and an update of its current situation.

Balancing Act? Cultural Representations of Work–Family Balance in the News Media

This research develops a conceptual framework for interpreting the significance of cultural representations of balance in work and family life as it is presented in two newspapers that function as primary news mediums. While numerous studies have been conducted on dual career families, recent sociological analyses have not focused directly on news media representations of these families and how presented representations shape assumptions about work, family, and balance. In an effort to address this gap, our research involves a content analysis of articles on dual-career families in two publications, the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal. Articles published from 1990 through 2005 have been analyzed to assess the construction of work–family balance, the underlying values associated with these constructions, and how these frames continue to problematize specific family forms and fail to systematically problematize work structures and organizations.