Dual-band Microstrip Patch Antenna Research Articles

Design and optimization of pi-slotted dual-band rectangular microstrip patch antenna using surface response methodology for 5G applications

Modern wireless network antenna technologies are designed to meet the ever-increasing needs of emerging applications. Hence this paper investigates potential antenna impedance bandwidth performance enhancement techniques based on optimizing independent geometrical parameters of pi-shaped slotted dual-band rectangular microstrip patch antenna (DBRMSPA). The antenna considered in the optimization process is with a slotted patch which improves impedance bandwidth of the antenna. And independent factors are geometrical parameters that influence the antenna's impedance bandwidth (BW) and operating frequency (Fr). The factors are substrate height (Hs), patch length (L), and slot (s2) length (Ls), and the experiment is designed using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) suite 2019 to generate a dataset by varying these parameters in a specific range. Then based on the dataset, response surface methodology (RSM) is applied to develop mathematical models that relate the responses Fr and BW with independent variables. Using analysis of variance (ANOVA), the effects of varying independent factors on both responses and model validation were investigated. Then constrained numerical optimization is applied to determine optimum design parameters. The optimized parameters, substrate height, patch length, and slot (s2) length (Ls) are 0.648 mm, 3.048 mm, and 1.325 mm, respectively. The optimized dual-band antenna, designed with optimized parameters, achieved a target impedance bandwidth (≥4 GHz), 7.2 GHz and 4.17 GHz at 28 GHz and 38 GHz, respectively. Similarly, the antenna's radiation efficiency at 28 GHz and 38 GHz is 75.457% and 88.6237%, respectively. The proposed antenna also gives a gain of 6 dBi at 28 GHz and 4.15 dBi at 38 GHz. And VSWR is less than 2 throughout its impedance bandwidth. All of these results were generated using the CST EM solver and validated using the Ansys High Frequency Simulation Software (HFSS) with good agreement. As a result, the proposed potential performance enhancement techniques provide an antenna with a wide impedance bandwidth suitable for 5G mobile communication applications.

A metasurface enabled dual band antenna exhibiting dual polarizations with reduced beam squint and cross polarization

A compact, dual-band metasurface-based microstrip patch antenna with both linear and circular polarization (CP) for multiband communication is reported in this work. The ingredients in the antenna design consist of a combination of metasurface and metamaterial inspired structures that are demonstrated as an effective technique to correct the beam squint problem and reduce the cross-polarized radiation, usually experienced by thick substrate-based broadband CP antennas. A fractal boundary metasurface is introduced to achieve CP over a small frequency band. Eight Electric-LC resonators are symmetrically placed in the same plane of the radiating patch to widen the CP bandwidth, correct the beam squint, reduce the cross-polarized radiation, and realize a subwavelength resonance of λ0/5.15 order. The measured impedance bandwidths (|S11| < −10 dB) of the proposed antenna are 7.8% (3.7–4.0 GHz) and 27.58% (5.05–6.65 GHz) in the lower and upper-frequency band, respectively. The measured 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) is 24.8% (5070–6510 MHz) at 5.8 GHz. The fabricated prototype has an overall size of 55 × 55 × 4.08 mm (0.696λ0 × 0.696λ0 × 0.051λ0 at 3.8 GHz or 1.063λ0 × 1.063λ0 × 0.078λ0 at 5.8 GHz) with a realized peak gain of 4 dBi in the lower band and 7.1 dBic in the upper band. The measured results are consistent with the simulation results.

Design of Dual-Band Microstrip Antenna with U-Shaped Slot

In some applications, it is required to have dual band characteristics instead of single band. This characteristic can be obtained by embedding a U-slot in the patch and hence the radiating patch includes a pair of step – slots. In this paper, we propose a dual band microstrip patch antenna with a U- shaped slot fed by coaxial feeding technique. The proposal antennas designed, simulated and optimized using Ansoft HFSS Vs 15. The simulation results are presented in terms of return loss, VSWR, input impedance, gain and radiation pattern. The dimensions are optimized to achieve the exact operating frequencies using resonating frequency control mechanisms. The results showed that the U-Shaped slot microstrip antennas efficiently operated at 2.4Ghz and 4.6Ghz.

2.4 GHz and 5 GHz Dual Band Wi-Fi Antenna Design for IoT Based Smart Media Application

Internet of Things (IoT) based application requires integration with the wireless communication technology to make the application data readily available. In this article, a dual band microstrip patch antenna operating at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequencies is designed for use in Wi-Fi applications. The main purpose is to design a compact, easy to manufacture, cheap and high-performance microstrip patch antenna. The antenna is printed on the substrate of FR4 with two C-shaped strips and a microstrip feed line on the front side. There is L-shaped slot in the ground plane on the bottom side. The overall geometric size of the antenna is 29x26x1.6mm3. The antenna bandwidth is 140MHz and 552MHz at 2.45GHz and 5GHz respectively.

Bandwidth enhancement of dual-band bi-directional microstrip antenna using complementary split ring resonator with defected structure for 3/5 GHz applications

&lt;span&gt;This paper presents a bandwidth enhancement of a dual-band bi-directional rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The novelty of this work lies in the modification of conventional rectangular microstip patch antenna by using the combination of two techniques: a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) and a defected patch structure (DPS). The structure of antenna was studied and investigated via computer &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;simulation technology (CST). The dimension and position of CSRR on the ground plane was optimized to achieve dual bandwidth and bi-directional radiation pattern characteristics. In addition, the bandwidths were enhanced by defecting suitable shape incorporated in the microstrip patch. A prototype with overall dimension of 70.45×63.73 mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; has been fabricated on FR-4 substrate. To verify the proposed design, the impedance bandwidth, gain, and radiation patterns were carried out in measurements. The measured impedance bandwidths were respectively 560 MHz (3.08-3.64 GHz) and 950 GHz (4.64-5.59 GHz) while the measured gains of each bandwidth were respectively 4.28 dBi and 4.63 dBi. The measured radiation patterns were in good agreement with simulated ones. The proposed antenna achieves wide dual bandwidth and bi-directional radiation patterns performances. Consequently, it is a promising candidate for Wi-Fi or 5G communications in specific areas such as tunnel, corridor, or transit and rail.&lt;/span&gt;

A low profile single feed compact dual-band penta-polarization agile microstrip antenna for interference mitigation in point to point link in Ultra-Dense environment

This study takes an antenna perspective approach to mitigate signal interference issues in ultra-dense environment along with communication and signal processing domain. A compact single layered dual-band penta-polarization agile microstrip patch antenna (MSA) using single feed is studied and proposed. Each band switches between five distinct polarization states. Additionally, the proposed antenna possesses a very low profile of less than 0.01λ (λ free-space wavelength). A square patch is enclosed by a square ring to attain two distinct reconfigurable frequency bands by using switching diodes and biasing networks. Orthogonal microstrip lines connected with a single coax feed are selectively chosen by biasing network to excite the adjacent patch edges to achieve dual linear polarization (LP). Circular polarization (CP) with dual sense of rotation at each band is attained by switchable diagonal-truncated corners of outer ring. Subsequently, 45° slant polarization is achieved by simultaneous activation of the orthogonal feed lines with equal phases and amplitude. A penta-polarized antenna prototype is designed and fabricated to operate at 5.2 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands respectively. Simulation results of all ten reconfigurable states are found to be consistent with the measurement.

A unique frequency reconfigurable monopole antenna for TV white space applications

Abstract TV White space has the potential to extend internet connection to remote areas worldwide. In this paper, a dual-band frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna has been designed for TV white space applications. Switching between the frequencies (reconfiguration) has been achieved by introducing a switch between two radiating strips on the top surface of the substrate. The prototype has been designed and fabricated on a cost-effective FR-4 substrate (εr = 4.4, tanδ = 0.02) with an overall dimension of 30 × 261 × 0.8 mm3. ON and OFF condition of the switch provides two operating frequency bands namely 626.7–778.11 MHz and 461.5–549.7 MHz The proposed monopole TV white space antenna operates with a peak gain of 2 dB with an efficiency greater than 85% in both the bands. The simulated and measured parameters are well-matched in both the operating bands along with desired radiation patterns suitable for TV white space applications.

Radiation Efficiency of an Electrically Small Dual-band UHF Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Wheeler Cap Method

Determining the radiation efficiency of an antenna is a difficult task that becomes challenging when it is about electrically small antennas. This work investigates the applicability of the Wheeler cap method to measure the radiation efficiency of a UHF dual-band compact microstrip patch antenna. An overview of Wheeler method is presented. An adaptation to the original method is suggested to measure the efficiency of a small slitted microstrip patch antenna operating at two frequencies (400 MHz and 431 MHz). A third-order equivalent RLC circuit has been proposed. The measurements were performed using three metal shields of different sizes and shapes. Measured results agreed with the theoretical model. However, the metallic shield significantly interferes in the fringing fields, reducing the accuracy of the method. Despite the inaccuracy observed in the measurements, the method proved to be attractive due to its low cost and ease of measurement. The contribution of this work is to apply the method to an antenna under test with a high degree of miniaturization, low efficiency, and very narrow band, in addition to using a thick substrate. No previous work with this focus has been found in the literature, up to date.

Design of A Dual-band Square Slot Antenna for GPS Applications

A New Design single feed dual band micro-strip patch antenna that implemented in GPS applications is presented. The suggested antenna based on two bands of GPS systems. they are L1=1.575 GHz and L2=1.227 GHz. The suggested antenna principally comprises two resonance frequencies with contents square patch, two semi-circle, two rectangular slots, S - shaped slot, two truncated slot and four circle slots in the ground plane, which fed by a 50 𝛺 coaxial probe, with over all area of 94*94 mm2. The software CST Microwave studio is used to build a simulation for the suggested antenna. The results of the simulation showed an impedance for bandwidth of 20 MHz between (1.56 GHz - 1.58 GHz) by using L1 band, while L2 band, it was 20 MHz between (1.21 - 1.23GHz). The results also showed that the circular polarization radiation can be obtained through a probe feeding at one of the diagonal lines of the patch. This antenna can reduce the loss in S11, impedance behavior, Gain and farfield radiation pattern.

Dual-band microstrip patch antenna for IoT application

Internet of Things (IoT) primarily based application requires integration with the wireless communication technology to make the application data with ease available. In this paper, a modified 12 mm x 16 mm x 1.6 mm micro strip patch antenna has been proposed for IoT applications at 2.4 Giga Hertz (GHz) in the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. This wideband antenna is designed using Flame Retardant4 (FR4) material as the substrate. The multiband operating characteristics have been achieved by radiating strips to the 50 feed line. Proposed wideband antenna covers frequencies ranging from 1.8 GHz to 3 GHz and 5.3 GHz to 6.9 GHz for -10 dB return loss. The results are analyzed and discuss in term of return loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), efficiency and gain. The proposed design has a maximum losses of -31.59 dB at 2.4 GHz and -16.94 dB at 6 GHz. The developed antenna can be useful for several wireless communication applications, such as 2.4 GHz Bluetooth, Wireless Local-Area Network (WLAN) (2.4/5.8 GHz), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) (5.5 GHz), ISM band and IoT applications.

Sustainable dual-band microstrip patch antenna with paper-based substrate and aluminum for multipoint distribution systems and WiMAX application

In this study, a microstrip patch antenna design with a U-shaped patch and a paper-based substrate is presented. Metallic parts such as the patch, ground plane and microstrip line feed are designed in aluminum. Utilization of recyclable paper and aluminum yields a sustainable and environmentally friendly design. The dual-band antenna operates between 1.950-2.125 GHz and 2.650-2.825 GHz with a bandwidth of 0.175 GHz for both frequency ranges. It is suitable for multipoint distribution systems (2.076-2.111 GHz) and WiMAX application (2.700-2.800 GHz). Monopolar radiation patterns are obtained for the operation frequencies of both frequency ranges. Maximum gain values are 5.009 dBi and 5.413 dBi for the operation frequencies of multipoint distribution systems and WiMAX application, respectively. While the antenna can be used indoors and outdoors, radome design is not considered in the structure. No parasitic elements or slots are included in the antenna. All simulations are carried out by using AN-SYS HFSS software package.

Miniaturized Dual-Band Dual-Mode Microstrip Patch Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for Wearable Applications

This work presents the performance of a miniaturized dual-band dual-mode microstrip patch antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz on the stacked substrate configuration in the order of FR-4 – PDMS- FR-4. The antenna offers a promising solution for wearable applications in the ISM bands. The first substrate is a flexible Flame Retardant 4 (FR-4) and the other substrate is a highly flexible Polydimethyl Siloxane (PDMS). The size of the antenna was reduced from 50 × 50 mm2 to 30 × 30 mm2, by introducing DGS on the ground plane. A single U-slot on the rectangular radiating patch was introduced to produce the upper resonant frequency of 5.8 GHz while the existing square patch is to generate the lower resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz. The simulations on the dual-band dual-mode microstrip patch antenna shows the reflection coefficient, S11 at 2.45 GHz is -17.848 dB with a bandwidth of 278.8 MHz and -13.779 dB with a bandwidth of 273 MHz at 5.8 GHz. A unidirectional radiation pattern observed in the E-plane shows that the antenna could be applied for off-body communication while an omnidirectional radiation pattern in the H-plane showed that the antenna can be used for on-body communication. Bending investigation were performed for the antenna over a vacuum cylinder with varying diameters of 50 mm, 60 mm, 70 mm, 80 mm, 90 mm, 100 mm and 120 mm in the CST MWS® software. From the graph of reflection coefficients, the performance of the antenna were not affected in bending condition. The SAR simulations showed that the SAR limits obey the guidelines as stipulated by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) for 1 mW of input power. The 2.45 GHz SAR limit for 1 g of human tissue is 0.09007 W/kg (FCC standard: &lt; 1.6 W/kg) while for 10 g is 0.01867 W/kg (ICNIRP standard: &lt; 2 W/kg). For 5.8 GHz, the SAR limit for 1 g of human tissue is 0.115 W/kg and for 10 g is 0.03517 W/kg. Based on the performance of the antenna in bending condition and the SAR limits, it is safe to conclude that the antenna can be used for wearable applications at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz of the ISM bands.

Dual-band Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WiMAX Wireless Communications by Chemical Method

The rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) had designed and manufactured to operate in two working areas of the worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) communication system. Flame retardant (FR-4) material had used for implementation, and the total antenna size was 57.22 × 1.6 mm3. The chemical method was used to implement the RMPA. The proposed antenna is capable of working at frequencies 2.51 GHz and 3.87 GHz experimentally. The results were -21.62 dB of return loss, and 50 MHz of bandwidth for the first frequency. Also, for second frequency was -20.01 dB of return loss, and 80 MHz of bandwidth.

Design of Low-Profile Single- and Dual-Band Antennas for IoT Applications

This paper presents novel low-cost single- and dual-band microstrip patch antennas. The proposed antennas are realized on a square microstrip patch etched symmetrically with four slots. The antenna is designed to have low cost and reduced size to use in Internet of things (IoT) applications. The antennas provide a reconfigurable architecture that allows operation in different wireless communication bands. The proposed structure can be adjusted to operate either in single band or in dual-band operation. Two prototypes are implemented and evaluated. The first structure works at a single resonance frequency (f1 = 2.4 GHz); however, the second configuration works at two resonance frequencies (f1 = 2.4 GHz and f2 = 2.8 GHz) within the same size. These antennas use a low-cost FR-4 dielectric substrate. The 2.4 GHz is allotted for the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band, and the 2.8 GHz is allocated to verify the concept and can be adjusted to meet the user’s requirements. The measurement of the fabricated antennas closely matches the simulated results.

A dual-band microstrip patch antenna for 2.45/5-GHz WLAN applications

A microstrip transmit patch antenna with harmonics suppression property has been designed for the 2.45/5-GHz WLAN bands. Patch antennas usually have narrow bandwidths and the 5-GHz WLAN band extends from 5.15 to 5.8 GHz, which makes the design challenging. The proposed antenna has two cuts at two of its edges in order to achieve a wide bandwidth for the 5-GHz WLAN band. In addition, a microstrip matching circuit has been implemented to improve the 2.45-GHz low-band response. A low-cost and easily available FR4 substrate has been used for the design and fabrication of the antenna. The presented antenna offers harmonic supression at 4.9 and 7.35 GHz to reduce interference with other receivers. Design process involved extensive electromagnetic simulations. Measured design parameters of the proposed antenna are in good agreement with the simulations.

Dual-Band Square Microstrip Patch Antenna for 4G/LTE and Wi-Fi Applications

Abstract: A dual-band, Square-shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna (SMPA) with two opposite corner cuts is proposed. The presented design is suitable for 4G/LTE and Wi-Fi applications as it resonates at 2.13GHz and 2.41GHz frequencies. The FR4 substrate with co-axial feed is used for fabrication and is simulated using CST software. The simulation result provides enhanced antenna specification of return loss (-42.64&amp;-20.13) dB, bandwidth (62.7&amp;89) MHz and percentage bandwidth (2.94&amp;3.69) % than the conventional antenna prototype. Furthermore, a comparative study of simulated and experimental findings is analyzed in this manuscript. Keywords: Dual-band, return Loss, Bandwidth, Percentage Bandwidth, 4G/LTE, Wi-Fi

A Dual-Band and Low-Cost Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Mobile Communications

This paper investigates the numerical and experimental analysis of a low-cost and dual-band microstrip patch antenna for the fifth generation (5G) mobile communications. The numerical analysis of the proposed antenna is performed using the computational electromagnetic simulator (CEMS) software which is based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and CST software which is based on the finite integration technique (FIT). The performance of the proposed antenna designed and fabricated on a low-cost FR-4 substrate is verified with the simulated and measured results. The antenna operates at dual frequency bands which are 24 and 28 GHz. The antenna maximum gain values are 3.20 dBi and 3.99 dBi in the x-y plane at 24 and 28 GHz, respectively. The proposed antenna provides almost omni-directional patterns suitable for 5G mobile communication devices.

Garuda Vyuha based Microstrip patch antenna structure with high-gain for dual-band wireless applications

In this paper, a high-gain dual-band planar Microstrip patch antenna is designed to work at two different frequencies namely 5.6GHz and 7.4GHz. The antenna structure is in the form of Garuda Vyuha and has high directivity. The results propose that the Garuda Vyuha based antenna structure has very low profile and good polarization characteristics. The proposed antenna structure is simulated using ADS software and from the simulated results, the return loss is -15.094dB at 5.681GHz and -12.371dB at 7.337GHz. The Antenna operates at a bandwidth of 22MHz at 5.6GHz and 41MHZ at 7.4GHz. The Antenna provides a directivity of 5.921 at 5.6GHz and 6.2 at 7.4GHz. This antenna structure can be used for dual band applications in Wireless systems operating in these bands.

A Spurious Free Dual Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting

Objectives: To design high gain square slots loaded dual-band rectangular microstrip patch antenna having harmonic suppression capability and rectifier circuit (Rectenna (Antenna + Rectifier) for Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting (RFEH). Methods: To achieve the objectives, the square slots are loaded on the four corners of the rectangular microstrip patch in order to enhance the current distribution which resulted in improved impedance matching at desired frequencies with dual isolated bands. The proposed antenna is simulated in Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Studio Suite Three- Dimensional Electromagnetic Simulation (3DEM) software. A rectifier with an LC impedance matching network is designed, simulated, and optimized in Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS) software. Findings: The overall size of the proposed antenna operating at 2.49 GHz and 3.73 GHz (WiMax) is 57482.5 mm3. The proposed antenna is assessed in terms of its simulated performance parameters: Return loss (S1,1), Impedance (Z1,1), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), Gain, Directivity, and Efficiency. The proposed antenna exhibits improved performance over the conventional rectangular patch antenna, in terms of (S1,1), Impedance (Z1,1) and Gain. The results obtained from the simulation indicate -35.47 dB and -37.42 dB of S1,1 at 2.49 GHz and 3.73 GHz respectively with the Gain of 4.74 dBi and 3.62 dBi respectively. Further, a rectifier circuit is proposed at 2.45 GHz. The complete rectenna system is simulated over a range of input power levels (1dBm-10dBm) for 4.7 kOhm load resistance. The simulated rectenna result presents the maximum output voltage of 3.34 V. Novelty and Applications: The proposed rectenna design with its harmonic suppression capability can be used for RFEH to drive the Internet of Things-Sensor Network (IoT-SN) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The novelty of the proposed work is harmonic suppression capability. harmonic suppression capability is achieved by inserting the square slots at the four corners of the conventional square patch. Keywords: Radio Frequency; Energy Harvesting; Efficiency; Gain; Rectifier; Schottky diode

Fractal microstrip patch antennas for dual-band and triple-band wireless applications

Abstract In this paper, the design and development of dual-band and triple-band fractal microstrip patch antennas with enhanced gain are presented. The structure is based on the Sierpinski carpet fractal, where the multiband functionality is achieved by applying the fractal iteration technique. The fractal antenna characteristics along with analysis of the reflection coefficient and the radiation patterns for each iteration are presented. The dual-band fractal microstrip patch antenna (DBFMPA) is operating at 4.9 and 5.3 GHz and the triple-band fractal microstrip patch antenna (TBFMPA) is operating at 2.4, 5.3, and 5.9 GHz. The defected ground structure (DGS) and a reflector plane is utilized for enhancing the gain of the antenna. Design and optimization of the DBFMPA and TBFMPA are done using the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio Suite. The presented DBFMPA and TBFMPA are suitable for industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) wireless applications.