Dual Antenna Research Articles

Experimental investigation of a dual mode antenna using characteristic mode analysis with enhanced directivity for GSM/5G applications

In this article, a dual-mode, dual-polarized antenna designed using characteristic mode analysis (CMA) is described. An elliptical-shaped patch radiator is chosen with double slits on its minor axis. This design is based on mode separation from the circular patch into the elliptical patch. The suggested antenna geometry has a footprint of 60 mm × 60 mm × 1.6 mm. To design and fabricate the antenna, an FR-4 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.3 is used, along with copper sheets 0.035 mm thick for the ground plane and the radiating plane. The circular patch has the resonating mode at 1.8 GHz, whereas the elliptical radiator gives different resonant modes at 1.8 GHz and 3.5 GHz. An orthogonal mode is excited with a 50-Ω coaxial feed line at 3.5 GHz by applying a full-wave approach. The antenna gives a −10dB bandwidth of 51 MHz (1.77–1.82 GHz) centered at 1.8 GHz and a bandwidth of 210 MHz (3.37–3.58 GHz) centered at 3.5 GHz. The working principle is explained through modal analysis and characteristic angles. This dual-band antenna covers a 1.8 GHz GSM band with horizontal polarization and a 3.5 GHz 5G service with vertical polarization. Peak gain attained with these bands is 5.9 dBi and 7.1 dBi, respectively. A CST full-wave simulator is used for the simulations. As a result of the antenna, radiation is stable and enhanced. Compared to measured results, simulation results are close to reality. The characteristic mode analysis (CMA) provides an in-depth look into different operating modes on the antenna in contrast with the conventional method, which relies on the simulated current distribution to verify functionality.

Merging Dual Antenna Effect with Target-Insensitive Behavior in Bimetal Biligand MOFs to Form Efficient Internal Reference Signal: Color Tonality-Ratiometric Designs

Merging Dual Antenna Effect with Target-Insensitive Behavior in Bimetal Biligand MOFs to Form Efficient Internal Reference Signal: Color Tonality-Ratiometric Designs

Efficient Microstrip Monopole Antenna Design for Multi Technology Wireless Applications

The demand for compact, efficient antennas capable of supporting multiple wireless communication standards continues to drive innovation in the field. In this paper, we present a novel approach to designing microstrip monopole antennas, leveraging a unique set of design equations to achieve superior performance across 3GHz and 6GHz frequency bands. Additionally, we explore the development of array antennas by combining two microstrip monopoles, offering enhanced gain and radiation characteristics compared to single-element designs. By varying array substrate material, we aim to further optimize performance for applications such as WiFi, LTE, and WiMax. Keywords- Microstrip antenna, broadband monopole antenna, dual band monopole antenna, compact monopole.

A dual band CPW-fed MIMO antenna for fifth generation application

This paper presents an innovative integrated dual-band multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for the global system for mobile communications band, fed by a coplanar waveguide. The distinctive aspect of this antenna design is its configuration, wherein all the MIMO antenna’s unit cells are placed orthogonal to one another. As a result, there is no need for additional isolation elements to achieve high isolation, simplifying the antenna’s fabrication process. The capability to operate in two frequency bands 3.5 GHz (Wi-Max) and 5.5 GHz (WLAN) is attained by integrating a curved form into the antenna’s radiator elements. Fabricated on an affordable FR-4 dielectric substrate measuring 64 × 64 × 1.6 mm3, the MIMO antenna demonstrates isolation exceeding 18 dB and an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of below 0.03. Experimental results from the fabricated four-port dual-band MIMO antenna configuration align with the outcomes of the simulations.

A compact circularly polarized dual port MIMO antenna with DGS and parasitic patch for modern wireless communication and IOT applications

Abstract The article proposes a broadband dual-port planar multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for the lower sub-6 GHz band (1.67 GHz to 3.15 GHz) applications. The simple structure of the MIMO antenna system consists of a semi-annular ring-shaped patch with a covering cap-like structure connected with two symmetrical L-shaped structures. A partial ground with a rectangular mesh-like structure at the center is designed and the same rectangular mesh has been added as the parasitic element with the driven patch to attain circular polarization and enhanced isolation. The miniaturized dimensions of the two-port MIMO antenna system are 0.28 λ 0 × 0.54 λ 0. The suggested two-port MIMO antenna offers a wider impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 61.41% around the versatile resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz. The proposed MIMO also depicts a minimum isolation of 26 dB with an edge-to-edge spacing of 0.19 λ 0. An axial ratio bandwidth of 280 MHz is attained between 2.36 GHz and 2.64 GHz. The proposed antenna shows good IBW with excellent isolation, along with good radiation and MIMO diversity characteristics to operate at 2.4 GHz with circular polarization. The designed MIMO antenna can be utilized for IoT and modern mobile wireless applications as the broad bandwidth covers various IoT communication protocol frequencies such as 1.8 GHz (NB-IoT) and 2.4 GHz (Wireless LAN).

C-Slot Circular Polarized Antenna for Hybrid Energy Harvesting and Wireless Sensing

This paper presents a new hybrid energy harvesting on electromagnetic solar for wireless energy harvesting of ambient from sensors of low-power devices. The axial ratio (AR) requirements produce Left-Hand Circular Polarization (LHCP) and Right-Hand Circular Polarization (RHCP) and simultaneously produce a 90-degree phase difference during energy harvesting, adopting a new design in designing a dual-feed broadband circular polarized (CP) antenna. To get the frequency band 2.3–2.4 GHz, we propose a C-Slot antenna with a circular patch dual feed. To estimate the diversity of the phase and magnitude output of the feed configuration under AR value, we used a 50 Ohm feed network output of the characteristic analysis for a dual feed CP antenna. An Axial ratio frequency range of less than 3 dB is achieved using polarization analysis with different branch channel couplers. To produce a DC output voltage, a high-frequency rectifier circuit embedded with a thin-film solar cell on the antenna is then connected to two T-junction power divider rectifiers, resulting in a high-efficiency design. A complete system-level analysis will include multiple signal classification methods of powered ambient RF energy using a wireless energy harvesting array that proposes a compact structure and demonstrates optimal configuration. Reliable operation in typical indoor environments indicates a self-contained sensor Node. Therefore, it has significant implications for powering small electronics and wireless sensor applications independently of the IoT Network or real implementation telecommunications industry.

Design of a dual hollow beam optical antenna based on a Fresnel lens-conical lens combination

To improve the transmission efficiency of Cassegrain antennas and enable the simultaneous transmission of signals with different wavelengths in the antenna system, this study introduces Fresnel lenses and conical lenses in front of the Cassegrain antenna at the transmitting end. Reflective mirrors and focusing lenses are introduced at the receiving end. A detailed description is provided of the design process for the Fresnel lens, as well as the impact of various parameters on the hollow radius when combined with the conical lens. Based on the laws of vector reflection and refraction, simulations are performed to track the propagation of light through the entire communication system and lens pairs, providing transmission efficiency plots of the antenna system under deflection and off-axis conditions. Taking into account practical factors such as lens chamfer, transmittance, Cassegrain antenna reflectance, and material dispersion, the transmission efficiency of the antenna system at 1550 nm wavelength can still reach 93.45%. The proposed method not only improves the transmission efficiency of Cassegrain antennas, but also enables the transmission of different information through the inner and outer layers of the antenna system.

Dual Circularly Polarized Ultrawideband Rectenna with High Efficiency for Wireless Energy Harvesting

This paper presents an ultrawideband dual circularly polarized (CP) rectenna for wireless energy harvesting (WEH) applications. It is mainly composed of a dual CP antenna and an ultrawideband rectifier. The receiving antenna is fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) and it has two input ports. The proposed ultrawideband rectifier has a two-cascaded voltage doubler configuration. This configuration means the proposed rectifier’s input impedance has less sensitivity to frequency variation. Thus, a wide bandwidth can be achieved. For validation, a prototype is designed, fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of the proposed rectenna is from 1.35 to 3.10 GHz (for AR <3 dB). In this frequency range, the rectenna’s power conversion efficiency (PCE) is higher than 55%. These results indicate that the proposed rectenna is highly efficient and suitable for wideband high-efficiency WEH systems.

Design of a Reconfigurable Band-notched Wideband Antenna using EBG Structures

A compact WLAN band-notched reconfigurable wideband antenna using two mushroom-like electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures is proposed in this paper. It is designed based on a dual wideband microstrip feed patch antenna with operating frequency bands of 2.2-3.7 GHz and 4.8-6 GHz. One of the EBG cells is positioned alongside the feed line, while the other EBG cell is laid on the back of the substrate. The patch or ground of the two EBG units are fed with a stronger current through a ground slot and a parasitic stub respectively, and the connections between the EBG structures and the antenna are controlled by loading a PIN diode with two 56 pF DC blocking capacitors. The advantage of this proposed design is that the antenna and the EBG unit can be designed independently. The proposed antenna has an overall size of 35×46×1.6 mm3. When testing the S11 of the antenna, the influence of the bias circuit on the antenna is also considered. The measured results show that the proposed antenna can generate two notched bands of 2.3-2.49 GHz and 5.11-5.51 GHz of WLAN, and the realized gain in the notch bands can be reduced to -2.65 dBi and -4.55 dBi, respectively, demonstrating its anti-interference characteristics, and can be applied in band notch broadband communication systems or anti-interference communication equipments such as unmanned aerial vehicles and radars.

Integration of two dual-port substrate integrated waveguide based MIMO antennas on a common substrate for 5G millimeter wave applications

Abstract This paper presents method for integrating two dual port multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antennas on a common substrate based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. One of the dual port MIMO antennas (MIMO_1) resonates at 31.2 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 1 GHz while the other dual port MIMO antenna (MIMO_2) exhibits an impedance bandwidth of 925 MHz and resonates at 36 GHz. The radiators etched on the SIW cavities are complementary slotted annular rings (CSAR). Isolation between the ports is more than 20 dB which is inherently achieved by SIW cavity backed structures. The MIMO antenna realized at 31.2 GHz exhibit a peak realized gain of 8.5 dBi while the MIMO antenna realized at 36 GHz displays a peak gain of 9.8 dBi. The diversity gain of both the MIMO antennas is around 9.9 dB and the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of the MIMO antenna realized at 31 GHz is below 0.004 while the ECC of MIMO antenna at 36 GHz is below 0.006. It is also confirmed that simulated results closely correlate with the measurement results.

Corrections to “Dual Antenna Coupling Manipulation for Low SAR Smartphone Terminals in Talk Position”

Corrections to “Dual Antenna Coupling Manipulation for Low SAR Smartphone Terminals in Talk Position”

Design of a Dual-Band Printed Antenna for Modern Wireless Communications and Internet of Things Applications

Wireless technology is increasingly influenced by the advanced technological development of antennas. With the rapid expansion of Internet of Things ( IoT) application in the contemporary communication networks, the demand for small printed antennas is increasing, due to their small size and ease of design and manufacture to suit their various application. In this paper, the antenna is designed which is operating at two different frequency bands 2.40GHz and 5.78GHz. The design parameters of the antenna have been calculated using the transmission line model, and an antenna design program has been used for the simulation process is HFSS ( High frequency simulator structure ) tool, which is based on Finite Element Method (FEM). In this work, the proposed slot dual band patch antenna is implemented using FR4 substrate material with a thickness 1.6mm and relative permittivity 4.4. The size of the proposed antenna is just (28 × 27.7mm). The proposed antenna has Omni-directional radiation patterns on most of the operating band. The dual band antenna is designed by adding a slot to the top of the radiated patch. Therefore, the proposed dual- band antenna shows good performance, which is suitable for modern wireless communications and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The measurements are found to be in good accordance with the simulated results.

Estimation of polarization diversity in CPW fed compact dual band dual sense antenna with horn slot structure: 5G and WLAN applications

Estimation of polarization diversity in CPW fed compact dual band dual sense antenna with horn slot structure: 5G and WLAN applications

Improving Vehicle Heading Angle Accuracy Based on Dual-Antenna GNSS/INS/Barometer Integration Using Adaptive Kalman Filter

High-accuracy heading angle is significant for estimating autonomous vehicle attitude. By integrating GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) dual antennas, INS (Inertial Navigation System), and a barometer, a GNSS/INS/Barometer fusion method is proposed to improve vehicle heading angle accuracy. An adaptive Kalman filter (AKF) is designed to fuse the INS error and the GNSS measurement. A random sample consensus (RANSAC) method is proposed to improve the initial heading angle accuracy applied to the INS update. The GNSS heading angle obtained by a dual-antenna orientation algorithm is additionally augmented to the measurement variable. Furthermore, the kinematic constraint of zero velocity in the lateral and vertical directions of vehicle movement is used to enhance the accuracy of the measurement model. The heading errors in the open and occluded environment are 0.5418° (RMS) and 0.636° (RMS), which represent reductions of 37.62% and 47.37% compared to the extended Kalman filter (EKF) method, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively improves the vehicle heading angle accuracy.

A single feed circularly polarized dual band microstrip monopole antenna for wireless applications

AbstractThe paper proposes a circularly polarized dual band single feed microstrip monopole antenna. The proposed antenna consists of a radiating patch, a shrink ground plane, and a 50 Ω microstrip transmission line feed. The radiating patch is a combination of three modified metallic strips, a modified rectangular strip and a semicircular strip. The ground plane consists of two modified open ended slots. The substrate area of the antenna is only 40 mm × 42 mm × 1.6 mm. The antenna has been designed by HFSS simulation software and after getting simulated results the antenna has been fabricated to verify its results. The antenna provides measured bandwidths (−10 dB impedance bandwidth) of 600 MHz (2.2–2.8 GHz) in the lower band and 2.1 GHz (7.5–9.6 GHz) in the higher band. The measured results show its 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 120 MHz (2.2–2.32 GHz) for lower band and 1.4 GHz (7.2–8.6) GHz for the upper band. The high measured peak gain of 8 dBi has been obtained from the proposed antenna. The lower band is useful for WiMAX application and upper band is useful for C band application. The desired radiation patterns (RHCP and LHCP) have been obtained from the proposed antenna.

Bandwidth Enhancement of Microstrip Antenna Using Dual Feed Line with Array 2x1 element for Radar Applications

Radar communication systems are needed to predict weather and other military needs. One of the important parameters required for a radar communication system is an antenna with high performance and broad bandwidth that can improve the resolution. The research proposes a single patch microstrip antenna that is rectangular and has a 8 GHz resonance frequency for radar applications that have high bandwidth and performance. The antenna was developed with two dual feed lines connected to the peradiation element with the 2x1 element array technique aimed at increasing the bandwidth of the frequency. The antenna is designed using a FR-4 substrate with a tangent loss of 0.0265, a dielectric constant ( |r) = 4.3, a substrat thickness (h) = 1.6 mm. The dimensions of the rectangular single patch microstrip antenna substrata are 20x20 mm2 and 35x35 mm2 for the dual feed line antenna design. Simulation results from the antenna development showed a 159.62% increase in bandwidth compared to the original antenna design. The reflection coefficient also increased from the original design antenna, which was -16.36 dB, to -25.64 dB or an increase of 56.72%. This antenna is very suitable and recommended to be applied as a receiver antenna on radar communications systems

Two new single/multi-objective multi-strategy algorithms for the parametric estimation of dual band-notched ultra wideband antennas

This article introduces a novel single objective and a multi-objective multi-hybrid naked mole-rat (moIGDN) algorithm optimization techniques for solving numerical benchmarks and electromagnetic engineering problems. The hybridization was introduced to overcome the basic naked mole-rat algorithm’s (NMRA’s) local optima stagnation and poor exploration problems. The global exploration search equations of INFO, gazelle optimization algorithm (GOA), and dwarf mongoose optimization algorithm (DMO) have been added into the NMRA’s worker phase. Additionally, five mutation operators have been introduced for parametric enhancements and adaptations. For single-objective performance evaluation, three benchmark datasets namely classical benchmark, CEC 2014, CEC 2017, and CEC 2022 have been analysed. A comparison with JADE, SaDE, CMA-ES, success history based DE (SHADE), fractional-order calculus-based FPA (FA-FPO), LSHADE-SPACMA, NL-SHADE-LBC, evolutionary algorithms with eigen crossover (EA4eig), S-LSHADE-DP, L-SHADE-RSP-MID, EBOwithCMAR, LSHADE-EpSin among others. Apart from that, the proposed moIGDN algorithm was utilized to optimize the design of two electromagnetic multi-objective printed monopole antennas categorized as basic ultra-wideband (B-UWB) and dual band-notched ultra-wideband (DBN-UWB) antennas. Simulations have been performed by using the EM-MATLAB optimization interface with two objective functions: trying to minimize pass-band signal reflection and maximizing antenna gain, by mapping solutions to the Pareto-front boundary in the objective space. The best obtained antenna structure had an impedance bandwidth of 2.92–11.96 GHz (fractional bandwidth of 122%), efficient band-rejection characteristics for the WI-MAX (3.3 GHz–3.7 GHz) and WLAN (5.15 GHz–5.85 GHz) bands, and a compact geometry. Based on simulation results, moIGDN is found to be effective and can be utilized to solve complex wireless communication and advanced engineering optimization problems.

Self-Isolated Dual L-Slotted 4-Port UWB MIMO Antenna with Wider Band-Notched Characteristics

Self-Isolated Dual L-Slotted 4-Port UWB MIMO Antenna with Wider Band-Notched Characteristics

Design of Dual Band MIMO Antenna with Rhombus Shape for Wireless Applications

Design of Dual Band MIMO Antenna with Rhombus Shape for Wireless Applications

A low profile dual U shaped monopole antenna for WLAN/WiMAX/C band applications

A low-profile dual U-shaped monopole antenna designed for WLAN, WiMAX, and C-band applications has been implemented in this paper. The proposed antenna has covering frequency ranges of 2.7-3.1 GHz, 4.0-5.2 GHz, and 5.9-6.4 GHz. The compact antenna's antenna size is 24×30×0.8 mm³, and the antenna has achieved bandwidths of 13.79%, 26.67%, and 8.1% across the respective bands. This frequency band is achieved as a result of dual inversion to each other in U shape. The low profile of the proposed antenna enables its easy and fast inculcation in modern communication devices.