Tuber Dry Weight Research Articles

Accumulation of Heavy Metals, Yield and Nutritional Composition of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars Irrigated with Fly-Ash-Treated Acid Mine Drainage

This study compared the responses of two potato cultivars, Fianna and Lady rosetta (both determinate and indeterminate), to irrigation with various fly ash: acid mine drainage (AMD) amelioration ratios in two separate seasons. In order to calculate crude protein (CP), the nutritional composition (NC) of potato tuber samples was examined using the combustion method. The results showed that the NC of plants irrigated with AMD mixed with fly ash was significantly affected differently at harvest. In plants exposed to 75% AMD irrigation, the mean moisture content of Lady rosetta was reduced by twice more compared to Fianna. Concisely, our study has demonstrated that irrigation with AMD mixed with fly ash can promote plant growth of potato cultivars and reduce their crude protein (CP) by approximately 4% when irrigated with both 50% FA: AMD and untreated AMD (100% AMD) ratio being applied; nonetheless, it was decreased by 1% when watered with 75% FA: AMD treatment, lipids content, carbohydrates, fresh tuber weight and dry tuber weight. On average, plants from both cultivars irrigated with the 75% AMD had higher fresh tuber weight (FTW), higher dry tuber weight (DTW) and carbohydrates compared to the controls. Furthermore, Lady rosetta cultivar exhibited higher carbohydrate and crude fiber compared to the control at 75 and 50% AMD treatments, respectively. Use of AMD in agriculture is likely to reduce its devastating environmental conditions and assist in irrigation of food crops, thereby alleviating both water and food shortages. Last, all the FA-AMD-treated potatoes had Pb concentrations that were below the minimum standard limits, and this proves that FA was able to adsorb the Pb ions in the tuber samples. Importantly, fly ash reduces a metal’s concentration in AMD. However, presence of heavy metals in such potatoes needs to be explored. It is also important to relate the possible metal intake relative to the standards by World Health Organization (WHO).

PENGARUH APLIKASI PUPUK ANORGANIK MAJEMUK TERHADAP PRODUKSI TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium cepa) DAN SIFAT KIMIA TANAH

Onion has become one of the popular horticulture commodities in Indonesia due to the crop having several benefits. Consequently, the demand for onions in Indonesia increases annually. In contrast, the supply of onion fluctuates because of unstable onion production. One of the factors that affect unstable onion production is soil fertility degradation. Therefore, the study aimed to analyze the effect of different doses of inorganic fertilizer compounds on the chemical properties of soil, plant growth and production. The field research was conducted in the experimental land of the Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, located in Jatimulyo Village, Lowokwaru District, Malang City. This study could not detect a significant difference in fertilization doses on onion plant growth but could increase the yield and tiller numbers. The highest values of tillers number, tuber fresh weight and tuber dry weight were observed for the treatment of 50% basal fertilizer + 150% compound inorganic fertilizer and the lowest production of biomass, tillers number, wet weight, and tuber dry weight was on treatment control.

Using the SCOPE model for potato growth, productivity and yield monitoring under different levels of nitrogen fertilization

Most applications of remote sensing in agricultural crop monitoring use multispectral imaging techniques, but with upcoming hyperspectral missions, the opportunity arises to better estimate pigment absorption and crop structure by exploiting the full solar reflective spectrum. In this study, we demonstrate how hyperspectral time series can be used with the Soil Canopy Observation of Photochemistry and Energy fluxes (SCOPE) model to estimate crop yield variability among fields, crop varieties and nitrogen treatments generically, i.e. without a calibration with in situ , data. Field experiments were conducted in two potato fields in the Netherlands between May and September 2019. The fields were planted with five varieties of potato, under three nitrogen fertilization treatments. By fitting the model to the full VNIR-SWIR spectrum of measured hyperspectral reflectance, we retrieved the model input parameters of Leaf Area Index (LAI), leaf chlorophyll content (Cab) and leaf water content (Cw) and simulated the photosynthesis throughout the season using data of local Automatic Weather Stations (AWS). Statistical analysis of measured and retrieved traits of LAI, Cab and canopy water content showed that two fields responded differently to the treatments, exhibiting fewer classes than were expected based on the experimental design. Potato yield, which was estimated as the sum of photosynthesis flux multiplied by the harvest index of 0.64, correlated with the measured tuber dry weight with R 2 0.36 and RMSE 2.5 t ha −1 . This study demonstrates that even in the absence of crop or variety specific information, hyperspectral reflectance and local weather data ingested into SCOPE can explain a substantial part of the observed variability in yield among fields. • Time series of hyperspectral canopy reflectance were recorded in two potato fields. • The variation in traits was created by nitrogen fertilization treatments. • SCOPE model retrieved plant traits contained information about treatments. • SCOPE-simulated accumulated photosynthesis correlated with the final dry yield. • SCOPE model is more generic than dimensionality reduction methods.

Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Genotipe Bawang Merah pada Peningkatan Dosis Sulfur melalui Sistem Hidroponik Nutrient Film Technique

<em>Shallots are one of the commodities with high economic value. This study aims to determine (1) the effect of each dose and genotype of sulfur on the growth and yield of shallots, (2) to determine the interaction of sulfur and genotype on the growth and yield of the tested genotypes and comparison varieties. This research was carried out from August to November 2019 at the screenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, Grendeng Village, North Purwokerto District, Banyumas Regency at an altitude of 110 m above sea level. The experimental design used was the RAKL (Completely Randomized Design) with 3 replications. The first factor to be tested was the dose of sulfur (S) which consisted of S1 (30 ppm) and S2 (90 ppm) and the second factor was the genotype (G) which consisted of fifteen genotypes and five comparison varieties. The characteristics observed in this study were: plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf diameter, root weight, plant wet weight, plant dry weight, number of tubers, tuber diameter, tuber wet weight, tuber dry weight. The results showed that (1) increasing the dose of sulfur increased the number of leaves, leaf length, root length, plant dry weight and tuber dry weight, (2) The interaction between genotype and sulfur was found in characters such as leaf length, leaf diameter, root volume, root length. root, plant dry weight, tuber diameter, tuber wet weight and tuber dry weight, (4) Bima Juna varieties, genotypes G3, G11, G15, G16, G17, G22, G23, G24, G79, C4 experienced an increase in tuber dry weight at dose of 90 ppm.</em>

Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Kandang Sapi Dan Ukuran Benih Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium Ascalonicum L.)

This study aimed to determine whether there was an interaction between the dose of cow manure and seedling size on the growth and yield of shallots. This research was conducted from April 30– July 2, 2021, at the Green House of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kadiri University. The research method used in this study was a two-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and was repeated 3 times. The first factor was the dose of cow manure (D) which consists of three levels, namely without cow manure (D0), 100 gr/plant (D1), and 200 gr/plant (D2), while the second factor was the size of the seed (U), consisted of three levels, namely U1 (> 3 grams), U2 (3 grams onion 5 grams) and U3 (≥ 5 grams). Parameters observed in this study consisted of plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, number of tubers, wet weight, and dry weight of tubers. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if there was a significant effect, it was continued with the Duncan's Range Test (DMRT) at a level of 5%. The results showed that there was an interaction between the dose of cow manure and seedling size on plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, wet weight, and dry weight of tubers. The dose treatment of cow manure (100 g/plant) had a significant effect on the number of bulbs in shallot plants.

Productivity Improvement Onion Plants (Allium ascalonicum L) With The Use Of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Water Hyacinth and Potassium Nitrate (KNO3)

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L) is an important vegetable plant as a kitchen spice. and as traditional medicine. The productivity of shallots in Riau is still low, due to low soil fertility. For this reason, fertilization is carried out by combining liquid organic fertilizer with water hyacinth and potassium nitrate (KNO3).
 The aim of this study was to determine the main interaction and influence of POC Water Hyacinth and KNO3 on the growth and production of shallots. The research was carried out at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic University of Riau from August 2020 to November 2021. The design used was a 4 x 4 Factorial Completely Randomized Design with 3 replications. The first factor is the concentration of water hyacinth POC consisting of 4 levels, namely 0, 100, 200 and 300 ml per liter of water. The second factor was KNO3 consisting of 4 levels, namely 0, 15, 30 and 45 g per plot. Parameters observed were plant height, harvest age, number of tubers per clump, wet tuber weight per clump, dry tuber weight per clump, dry tuber weight per tuber and tuber loss weight. at the 5% level. The results of the study concluded that the interaction of water hyacinth POC and KNO3 had a significant effect on harvest age. The best combination of factor levels was the concentration of POC in water hyacinth 100 ml/l water and KNO3 45 g/plot. The effect of water hyacinth POC was significant on plant height, harvest age, tuber wet weight per clump, tuber dry weight per clump and dry weight per tuber. The best treatment for water hyacinth POC concentration is 200 ml/l water. The effect of KNO3 is significant on harvest age. The best treatment dose of KNO3 45 g/pl The best treatment for water hyacinth POC concentration is 200 ml/l water. The effect of KNO3 is significant on harvest age. The best treatment dose of KNO3 45 g/pl The best treatment for water hyacinth POC concentration is 200 ml/l water. The effect of KNO3 is significant on harvest age. The best treatment dose of KNO3 45 g/plot.

Applications of Oil Palm Ash and Various Types of Organic Fertilizer on Acid Soil (Ultisol) for Onion (Allium ascalonicum L)

Onion production in Riau Province is still low, while the demand is quite large. Therefore, it is necessary to increase production. This study aimed to determine the effect of the application of oil palm ash and various types of organic fertilizers on ultisol soils on the growth and production of shallots. The design used was a completely randomized factorial design consisting of 2 factors. The first factor was the provision of oil palm ash which consisted of 4 levels of treatment, namely: 0, 200,400, and 600 g/plot. The second factor is various types of organic fertilizers which consist of 4 levels of treatment, namely: without giving organic fertilizer, chicken manure, tankos compost and corn litter bokashi. The parameters observed were plant height, number of tubers per clump, wet tuber weight per clump, dry tuber weight, percentage of tuber weight loss, relative growth rate and nutrient uptake. plants, number of tubers, wet weight per clump, dry weight per clump and tuber weight loss, the best treatment was giving palm ash 400 g/plot and corn litter bokashi. The main effect of giving palm ash bunches was real on all observation parameters, the best treatment was 400 g/plot. The main effect of organic fertilizer was real on all observed parameters. The best treatment was corn litter bokashi.

Zeolite Oil Palm Compost-Based Organomineral Fertilizer for Shallot Agronomic Performances and N Substitution

Application of organomineral fertilizer (OMF), which is the product of the inclusion of zeolite and palm oil compost in urea needs to be studied to determine its appropriate dose for the growth and yield of shallots and N substitution. This pot experiment was conducted from October to December 2020 at the Teaching and Research Field of Agriculture Faculty and consisted of five treatments arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments were (1) 1.0 g urea, (2) 0.5 g urea + 1.15 g OMF, (3) 0.5 g urea + 2.30 g OMF, (4) 0.5 g urea + 3.45 g OMF, and (5) 0.5 g urea + 4.60 g OMF. The results showed that combined application of 0.5 g urea + 4.60 g OMF produced the highest values of plant height (30.60 cm), number of leaves (30.90), fresh weight of tubers per clump (30.90 g), dry tuber weight per clump (24.3 g), and tuber diameter (16.25 mm). The incorporation of zeolite and palm oil compost in urea reduced the application rate of urea up to 50% without reducing the growth and yield of shallot. Thus, N fertilizer use can be enhanced if urea is co-applied with zeolite and palm oil compost.

Does Swallow Droppings and NPK Fertilizer Have a Good Impact on Onion Growth And Results on Peat?

Shallots are one of the horticultural commodities that are very often used to be a flavoring for dishes. Tanah peat as a medium for growing shallots has many obstacles including low nutrient availability, low pH, organic matter that has not been decomposed so that the nutrient content especially macro nutrient such as low N, P and K. Usaha to fix it is to give swallow manure and NPK compound fertilizer. The purpose ofthis research is toobtain the interaction of doses of swallow manure and NPK fertilizer for the best growth and yield of shallots on peatlands. This research was carried out on March 7, 2020 to May 9 2020 at Jalan Reformasi, Southeast Pontianak District, Kota Pontianak, West Kalimantan. The design used in this study is a Randomized Designof Factorial Group (RAKF) which consists of 2 factors , namely the first factor is the application of swallow feces consisting of 3 levels , and the second facto isthe application of NPK fertilizer, whose plotconsists of 3 levels with a total of 9 treatments including 20 tons / hectare of swallow manure and 400 kg / hectare of NPK fertilizer, 20 tons of swallow manure and 500 kg/hectare of NPK fertilizer, 20 tons/hectare of swallow manure and 600 kg/hectare of NPK fertilizer, 30 tons/hectare of swallowmanur and 400 kg/hectare of NPK fertilizer, 30 tons/hectare of manure swallows and 500 kg/hectare of NPK fertilizer, 30 tons of swallow manure and 600 kg/hectare of NPK fertilizer, 40 tons/hectare of swallow manure and 400 kg/hectare of NPK fertilizer, 40 tons/hectare of swallow manure and 500 kg/hectare NPK fertilizer, 40 tons/hectare of swallow manure and 600 kg/hectare of NPK fertilizer. The treatment was repeated 3 times, and each experimental unit consisted of 15 plant samples. The variables in this study were planting height, number of leaves per clump, number of saplings per clump, root volume, total dry weight per plant, fresh weight of tubers per clump, dry weight wind tubers per clump, yield per plot, The results of theian research showed that the application of 30 tons / hectare of swallow manure and 400 kg / hectare of NPK fertilizer on shallots was the best interaction dose to increase the yield of fresh weight of bulbs and wind dry weight of tubers.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Jengkol sebagai Bahan Baku Kompos dan Biochar dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Bawang Merah (allium ascalonicum L.)

The Waste Utilization Of Jengkol Peel As Raw Material Compost And Biochar In Increasing Growth And Production Of Onion (Allium Ascalonicum L.). Guided by Dr.Ir. Sumihar Hutapea, MS and Ir.H.Abdul Rahman, MS. This research aimed to determine effect of giving compost jengkol peel on the growth and production of onion, effect of giving biochar jengkol peel on the growth and production of onion, and effect of the combination between compost and biochar waste of jengkol peel on the growth and production of onion (Allium ascalonicum L.). This research was conducted in the House Kasa Growth Centre Kopertis Region I North Sumateta-Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam from April until September 2016. The research was conducted by planting in polybags with soil weight 5 kg/polybag. This research was conducted by using Randomized Block Design (RBD) factorial with 2 factors treatment. The first factor is compost of jengkol peel that consists of 4 levels dose are : K0 = (control), K1 = (10 ton/ha or 25 g/polybag), K2 = (20 ton/ha or 50 g/polybag), K3 = (30 ton/ha or 75 g polybag). The second factor is biochar of jengkol peel that consists of 4 levels dose are : B0 = (control), B1 = (5 ton / ha or 12.5 g / polybag), B2 = (10 ton / ha or 25 g / polybag), B3 = (15 ton / ha or 37.5 g / polybag). The results of research showed that treatment of jengkol peel compost was very significant effect on plant height at of 2 and 3 MST observation, significant effect on the observation aged 4 and 5 MST, and it is not affected real to the age of 6 MST observation. To the observations on the number of leaves on the age of 2, 3 and 4 MST is very significant effect, significant effect on the age of 5 MST observation and not affected real on the age of 6 MST observation. On the number of cloves and tuber diameter is not affected real. Fresh weight of tuber and dry weight of tuber is significant effect. Treatment of jengkol peel biochar is not affected real on all parameters of observation. Interaction treatment of compost and biochar of jengkol peel is significant effect on leaf length 2 and 3 MST, number of leaf age 2 MST and it is not affected real on other parameters.

Genetic Variation and Genetic Advance of Three Elite Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Clones Under Wet Dry Climate of Lampung

Waxy cassava having high amylopectin content could contribute and increase genetic background. Unfortunately, the genetic parameter information of three elite cassava clones as Waxy, UJ-5, and BW-1 is still limited. Consequently, the objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variation and genetic advance of three cassava clones. This study was conducted on the Integrated Field Lab of Lampung from December 2019 to October 2020. Treatment was arranged by a single factor in RCBD with two replications. There were three cassava genotype clones, as Waxy, UJ-5 (originally Kasetsart), and BW-1 (originally Huay Bong-60). Genetics parameters were analyzed by using Minitab programs (Version 17). Variables observed were plant height, leaf number, attached leaf number, internode number, root number, tuber number, tuber fresh weight, tuber dry weight, stem dry weight, attached leaf dry weight, petiole dry weight, starch content, starch weight, and harvest index. The results showed that most variables had high genetic variation and heritability value except for starch content. Starch content showed a medium heritability value as 50%. Moreover, the genetic advance of starch content and weight were 14 and 18%, respectively. It could be concluded that an environmental factor influenced starch content.

Effect of super K organic fertilizer with various sizes of bulbs on growth and production of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.)

This study aimed to examine the interaction between the dose of Super K organic fertilizer and tuber size, the main effect of Super K organic fertilizer, and the main effect of tuber size on the potassium uptake of shallots. This research is a factorial experiment arranged according to a randomized block design (RAK), while the factors in this study consist of 2 factors, namely factor I: dose of Super K organic fertilizer which consists of 4 levels. P0 = without Super K organic fertilizer, P1 = Super K organic fertilizer 429 kg/ha equivalent to 42, 9 g/plot, P2 = Super K organic fertilizer 715 kg/ha equivalent to 71,5 g/plot, P3 = Super K organic fertilizer 1286 kg/ha equivalent to 128,6 g/plot. Factor II: tuber size (U) which consists of 3 level. U1 = small bulbs (diameter = <1.5 cm or <4 g), U2 = medium-sized bulbs (diameter = 1.5 − 1.8 cm or 4 6 g) and U3 = large bulbs (diameter = >1.8 cm or >6 g). Observations made in this study were plant height (cm), number of tillers per clump (stem), tuber diameter (cm), fresh tuber weight per plant (g) and dry tuber weight per plant (g). The result of this research is that the application of Super K organic fertilizer can increase the rate of photosynthesis. Bulb size can increase the number of tillers and tuber wet weight. The application of Super K organic fertilizer interacted with tuber size on the observation of stomatal conductivity and transpiration rate. The application of organic fertilizer Super K 1286 kg/ha with large tubers gave a higher yield of 39,717 g/plant.

Extracción de nutrimentos y rendimiento de materia seca en el ñame cv 'Gunung' (Dioscorea alata) sembrado sin soportes en un suelo Ultisol

Se establecieron dos experimentos en las mismas parcelas desde 1 de mayo a 1 de diciembre de 1991 y 1992 para determinar la extracción mensual de nutrimentos y producción de materia seca en el ñame 'Gunung'. En el primer año las plantas fueron abonadas a razón de 0; 667; 1,333; 2,000 y 2,667 kg/ha con un fertilizante 15-5-15-5 (N, P2O5, K2O y MgO) suplementado con elementos menores. El segundo año no se aplicó fertilizante. Se efectuaron seis cosechas de biomasa a los 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 y 7 meses después de la siembra. En cada cosecha las plantas fueron excavadas y separadas en láminas de hojas, tallos y peciolos, raíces y tubérculos. Se determinó el peso húmedo y seco de ios componentes de la planta y se obtuvieron muestras de tejido. Luego estas muestras se analizaron para determinar su contenido de N, P, K, Ca y Mg. Independientemente del año, los tratamientos de fertilizantes no afectaron significativemente el rendimiento en peso seco de los tubérculos mercadeables. La extracción máxima de nutrimentos fue 214 kg/ ha de N, 19 kg/ha de P, 223 kg/ha de K, 95 kg/ha de Ca y 9 kg/ha de Mg. La producción máxima de materia seca fue 11,303 kg/ha de los cuales 8,672 kg/ ha se acumularon en los tubérculos mercadeables. La extracción máxima de N, K, y Ca ocurrió a los cinco meses después de la siembra. La producción máxima de materia seca fue a los siete meses. Las plantas del ñame utilizaron 24.7 kg/ha de N, 2.2 kg/ha de P, 25.7 kg/ha de K, 11.0 kg/ha de Ca y 1.0 kg/ha de Mg por cada 1,000 kg/ha de materia seca comestible producida.

Response of Growth and Production of Shallots (Allium Ascalonicum L) to the Application of Chicken Manure and Volcanic Ash

The production of shallots can still be increased through technical improvements in cultivation, such as the application of organic fertilizers and the eruption of Mount Merapi (volcanic ash). Organic fertilizers have a significant role in improving the chemical and biological properties of the soil and do not have a negative impact on the environment, although the nutrient content of manure is not as high as that of artificial fertilizers. This study aims to determine the effect of chicken manure and volcanic ash on the growth and production of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L). The research method used was a factorial randomized block design (RAK) consisting of two treatment factors, namely factor I chicken manure ( A) and factor II volcanic ash (V). The results showed that the application of chicken manure had a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, tuber diameter, tuber wet weight, tuber dry weight. Volcanic ash treatment had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, tuber diameter, tuber number, tuber wet weight, and tuber dry weight. The interaction between chicken manure and volcanic ash had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, number of tubers, tuber diameter, tuber wet weight, and tuber dry weight.

Response of Growth and Production of Shallots (Allium Ascalonicum L) to the Application of Chicken Manure and Volcanic Ash

The production of shallots can still be increased through technical improvements in cultivation, such as the application of organic fertilizers and the eruption of Mount Merapi (volcanic ash). Organic fertilizers have a significant role in improving the chemical and biological properties of the soil and do not have a negative impact on the environment, although the nutrient content of manure is not as high as that of artificial fertilizers. This study aims to determine the effect of chicken manure and volcanic ash on the growth and production of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L). The research method used was a factorial randomized block design (RAK) consisting of two treatment factors, namely factor I chicken manure ( A) and factor II volcanic ash (V). The results showed that the application of chicken manure had a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, tuber diameter, tuber wet weight, tuber dry weight. Volcanic ash treatment had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, tuber diameter, tuber number, tuber wet weight, and tuber dry weight. The interaction between chicken manure and volcanic ash had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, number of tubers, tuber diameter, tuber wet weight, and tuber dry weight.

How irrigation water saving strategy can affect tuber growth and nutritional composition of potato

Apart from some works dealing with potato tuber growth and nutritional composition in response to water supply, no study on the effects of irrigation water saving strategies has been found in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the effects of four irrigation regimes: I0 dry control, I1 irrigation during the whole cycle, I2 irrigation from tuber initiation up to 50% of tuber growth, I3 irrigation from 50% of tuber growth to the end of tuber growth on tubers growth and nutritional composition (dry matter, starch, reducing sugars, protein, ash) of two potato cultivars in two planting dates. Irrigating from tuber initiation up to 50% of tuber growth compared to irrigation throughout the whole cycle, did not substantially modify either the tuber dry weight or the sink/source ratio, but did improve the nutritional composition of tubers through higher dry matter and starch contents and comparable values of reducing sugars, proteins and ashes; on the contrary, irrigation from 50% of tuber growth to the end of tuber growth, led to similar results to dry control. The two cultivars behaved similarly with respect to the water regime. In conclusion if the water needs of the crop cannot be met during the entire crop cycle, it is more convenient for tuber growth and nutritional composition to schedule irrigation from tuber initiation up to 50% of tuber growth rather than from 50% of tuber growth to the end of tuber growth.

RESPON PEMBERIAN KOMPOS DAUN KELAPA SAWIT DAN NPK 16.16.16 TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SERTA PRODUKSI BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.)

ABSTRACT Response to Composting Palm Leaves and NPK 16.16.16 in Improving Growth and Production of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.). The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction effect and the main growth and production of shallots given oil palm leaf compost and NPK 16.16.16. This research was carried out at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Pasir Pengaraian University, Rokan Hulu Regency. This research will be carried out for three months starting from October 2021 to December 2022. This study used a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of two factors. The first factor was the provision of Palm Leaves Compost (K) consisting of 4 levels and the second factor was NPK 16.16.16 (G) fertilizer which consisted of 4 levels so that 16 treatment combinations were obtained with 3 replications, so there were 48 experimental units. Each unit consisted of 6 plants per plot and all plants were observed as samples so that the total plants were 288 plants. The parameters observed were the relative growth rate of plants, plant height, harvest age, number of tubers per clump, wet weight per clump, dry weight per clump, and tuber weight loss. The data were statistically analyzed and presented with the Honest Significant Difference Test (BNJ) at the 5% level. The results of the study can be concluded as follows: The interaction of oil palm leaf compost and NPK 16.16.16 fertilizer had a significant effect on: plant height, harvest age, number of tubers per clump, wet weight of tubers per clump, dry weight of tubers per clump and tuber weight loss. The best treatment was a combination of oil palm leaf compost treatment of 45 grams/polybag (K3) and NPK fertilizer 16.16.16 1.55 grams/polybag (G2). The main effect of oil palm leaf compost was significant on all observation parameters. The best treatment is a dose of 45 grams/polybag (K3). The main effect of the dose of NPK fertilizer 16.16.16 was significant on all observation parameters. The best treatment is a dose of 1.55 grams/polybag (G2).

Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Tuber Dormancy and Sprouting of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties at Kulumsa, Southeast Ethiopia

Potato production is constrained by shortage of seed tubers for different reasons among which extended potato tuber dormancy plays a significant role. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on dormancy and sprouting of seed tubers on potato varieties. Three PGRs viz. Gibberrelic Acid (GA 3 ), Benzyl adenine (BA) and Benzyl amino purine (BAP) each at two concentrations (0.1 and 0.2 mM) with distilled water (DW) as a control treatment were evaluated on tubers of two dominantly grown potato varieties (Jalenie and Belete) in Ethiopia. The treatments were laid out in a factorial experiment using Complete Randomized Design (CRD), with three replications. Thirty medium sized freshly harvested tubers of the two varieties per treatment were cleaned and soaked for 24 hrs in solutions of the three plant hormones at 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM. Likewise, tubers for the control treatment were soaked in distilled water for 24 hrs. The treated tubers were placed in separate plastic boxes, labeled and stored in a diffused light store (DLS). During the storage period, data were recorded every 10 days until 80% of the tubers showed visible sprouting (~2mm). The results showed all the PGRs significantly (p<0.05) affected tubers' dormancy and sprouting at different concentrations compared to the un-treated control (DW). Compared to BAP and BA, GA 3 at low concentration (0.1mM) highly shortened tubers' dormancy period of both varieties while Jalenie sprouted earlier than Belete. In addition to tuber's dormancy, GA 3 significantly (p<0.05) increased the number of sprouts per tuber, length of apical dominance, length of lateral branching of sprout, and fresh and dry weight of tubers' sprouts. The highest increment of the aforementioned measurements was recorded at 0.1 mM GA 3 although differences were observed between the two varieties. Therefore, GA 3 at 0.1 mM could be recommended as the best PGR to shorten tubers' dormancy of both varieties after harvest. Using GA 3 treatment as a pre-sprouting hormone could double/ or triple the number of seed tuber production cycle per season with supplementary irrigation depending up on the need. Nevertheless, for conclusive recommendation, additional study is needed to know the profit margin of using GA 3 at the optimum concentration for large scale seed production. Keywords: Plant Growth Regulators, Potato, Seed potato store, Tuber dormancy DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/12-3-01 Publication date: February 28 th 2022

RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) VARIETAS RUBARU TERHADAP BIOCHAR SEKAM PADI DAN MIKORIZA DI VERTISOL

Cultivating red onion on a Vertisol during rainny season could face to physical and chemical problems from the soil. Application of biochar and mycorrhiza can improve soil quality both physical and chemical properties of Vertisol. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of rice husk biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) on growth and yield of red onion grown on a vertisol. The research was carried out at the Agrotechnology Research Station, University of Trunojoyo Madura from December 2018 to February 2019. The experiments were arranged on Split Plot Design (SPD) with the main plots were the biochar treatments and the sub plots were AMF applications. Two rates of biochar applications namely B0 (no biochar) and B1 (10 ton/ha), and four rates of AMF applications involving M0 (no mycorrhiza), M1 (2.5 g/plant), M2 (5 g/plant) and M3 (10 g/plant), were employed. No P fertilizer was applied on three AMF treatments (M1, M2, and M3). There were 8 combination treatments, and each treatment was replicated four times to end up in 32 experimental units. The results showed that there was no interaction between biochar and AMF treatments on all observed parameters. Biochar increased the number of leaves at 4 and 6 WAP (week after planting), the number of roots, and the weight of fresh tubers, and dry tubers that were suitable for storage. Mycorrhizal (AMF) application significantly influenced the number of leaves at 2 and 6 WAP, number of roots, wet weight of tubers, dry weight of tubers, and percentage of AMF root colonization. The application of rice husk biochar and AMF increased tuber yields respectively up to 17.21% and 19.58% compared to that of control.

Substâncias húmicas: efeito no crescimento e na produtividade de plantas de batata

ABSTRACT The results from humic substances (HS) application in varied crops and conditions are controversial, and the experiments with the potato crop in Brazil are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of HS doses on the growth and yield of two potato cultivars. Four doses of HS were tested: 0, 5.05, 10.10, and 15.15 L ha-1, applied in the planting furrows of cvs. Agata and BRS F63 Camila, in Guarapuava-PR, in the 2015 and 2016 crop seasons, between October and February. The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design, in a factorial scheme (crop season x dose x cultivar), with four replications. Plant samplings were performed at tuber initiation, flowering, tuber bulking, and plant maturation growth stages. After shoot senescence, the total and commercial tuber yields were evaluated. Cultivars responded similarly to HS application, with no significant interaction between HS and cultivars, for most assessed variables. At tuber initiation, there was a negative linear effect of HS doses on leaf area index, number of formed tubers, and tuber and total plant dry weight. In the other evaluations, the effect of HS application was not observed regarding the assessed variables. Likewise, no effects were detected on the number and fresh weight of tubers in total and commercial yields. We concluded that HS application affected both cultivars similarly, hampering initial plant growth and not increasing potato yield.