Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a progressive condition characterized by patterned hair loss, affecting both males and females, often leading to psychological distress. The etiology of AGA is primarily attributed to genetic predisposition and hormonal influences, particularly androgenic activity. Within the Unani system of medicine, AGA is classified under the term Sula, with pathophysiological factors including Imtela-e-balgham (excessive accumulation of phlegm), Takhalkhul-e-Jild (scalp laxity), Yaboosat-e-Jild (dry scalp temperament), Nuqs-e-Taghziya (nutritional deficiencies), and the presence of morbid material beneath the skin. While conventional medical interventions primarily focus on controlling hair loss, Unani medicine emphasizes not only controlling hair loss but also restoration through a holistic therapeutic framework aimed at addressing the underlying humoral imbalances. Objective: This review explores the Unani concept and management of AGA, highlighting classical treatment approaches including pharmacotherapy, dietary interventions, and regimenal therapies. Methods: A comprehensive analysis of Unani classical texts and contemporary scientific literature was conducted to identify etiopathogenesis and therapeutic interventions for AGA. Unani management principles such as Ilaj bil Dawa (Pharmacotherapy), and Ilaj bil Tadbeer (regimenal therapy), Ilaj bil Ghiza (Dieto-therapy) were reviewed. Conclusion: Unani medicine offers a holistic, natural, and effective approach to managing androgenetic alopecia (AGA), prioritizing humoral balance and follicular rejuvenation. By offering a safer alternative with minimal adverse effects compared to conventional treatments, these interventions hold significant promise. However, further scientific validation is essential to establish standardized protocols and enhance the clinical applicability of Unani therapies for AGA. Keywords: Hair growth, Hair loss, Hair cycle, Etiopathogenesis, Traditional medicine, Inteshaar e-Shaar

Dandruff is a common scalp condition characterized by flaky skin and itching, often resulting from fungal infections, dry scalp, or excessive oil production. Herbal anti-dandruff shampoos are gaining widespread attention as effective alternatives to chemical-based products. These formulations incorporate plant-derived ingredients rich in antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, offering both therapeutic benefits and cosmetic appeal. This review highlights key herbal components, formulation approaches, and evaluation techniques used in anti-dandruff shampoo development, emphasizing their advantages, limitations, and market potential..

This condition manifests through symptoms such as persistent fatigue, weight gain, dry or thickened skin, constipation, muscle weakness, cramps, and stiffness. Methods and Materials: A 50-year-old female patient had morning dizziness and exhaustion, muscle cramps, pale and dry skin, dry scalp and lips, cracked heels, increased thirst, reduced appetite, hair loss, and neck swelling. She sought Ayurvedic treatment and was administered 50ml of Gandharvahastadi Kwath in Virechan Karma over a month, coupled with rock and jaggery. as a substitute for water. Results: The patient's symptoms improved greatly. Excessive thirst was lessened, appetite rose, overall weariness and dizziness subsided, and neck swelling receded. Scalp and skin dryness improved, and muscle cramping became less frequent and severe. The patient's menstrual cycle became regular, with a 35-day gap. TSH levels were normal in clinical testing. Discussion: Thyroid dysfunction symptoms are not limited to one Srotas (body channel), thus a Vaidya must check the patient's Doshavastha, Rogamarga, Srotodushti, and Nidana Panchaka. The symptoms showed an imbalance in Rasavaha and Udakavaha Srotas. Shadanga Paneeya is traditionally used in Jwara Chikitsa for relieving excessive thirst and fever. Gandharvahastadi Taila helps with Udavarta by calming Vata and easing blockages from Meda, Asruk, Pitta, and Kapha imbalance. This formulation is also good for those with mild digestion (Mrdu Koshta) and low strength (Alpa Bala) when taken with food. The treatment effectively facilitated Vata Anulomana, Snehana, and Agnideepana, achieving the desired therapeutic effects, including thirst reduction (Trishna Hara), Vata regulation (Vata Anulomana), channel purification (Sroto Shodhana), digestion enhancement (Deepana), and metabolic stimulation (Pachana) with lubrication (Snehana). Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is a lifestyle-related condition that needs a multifaceted treatment approach, including Chikitsa through Aahara (diet), Vihara (lifestyle changes), and Aushadha (medications). Interventions can restore balance by identifying the imbalanced Doshas, afflicted Srotas, and chronicity of the disease. This integrative approach improves the patient's quality of life and manages symptoms.

Background: Pityriasis capitis, commonly known as dandruff, is a prevalent, chronic scalp ailment that affects over half of the world's population. Dry scalp dandruff is a type of dandruff. Ointments are good examples of pharmacological formulations that have emollient effects on the scalp and hair. Thus, this study aimed at formulating cosmeceutical herbal ointment as an approach to manage dry scalp dandruff disorder.Methods: Phytochemical screening of Amla (Phyllanthus emblica Linn., family- Euphorbiaceae) powder and Avocado (Persea americana Mill., family- Lauraceae) oil was carried out. The ointments were formulated using shea butter as base. Physicochemical, cosmeceutical (conditioning) evaluations, draize skin irritancy test, and stability studies were also carried out.Results: The natural-based ointment formulations were cream to brown in colour, the formulations had flowery smell, smooth and oily to gritty and dry texture, pH range of 4.8-7.4. Viscosity was in the range of 20433 to 28007 cp. Spreadability was in the range of 28.49 to 85.24 g.cm/sec. Loss on drying was in the range of 1.77 to 6.73 %. Globule size was in the range of 0.2 – 2.0 µm. The cosmeceutical or conditioning evaluation showed the average score for shine /oiliness, softness and washability to be 2.6 to 4.6, 2.6 to 3.6 and 3.0 respectively. Draize skin irritancy test showed that there was no inflammation, oedema and erythema observed. The formulations exhibited stability in terms of colour, smell, texture and there was no syneresis observed, but there was a difference in the pH (4.96-7.02) of all the formulations.Conclusion: This study has shown that natural based cosmeceutical herbal ointment formulations may be used in managing dry scalp dandruff disorder through its conditioning activities.

Introduction: Androgenetic alopecia is the most common cause of hair loss, progressively affecting both men and women and causing great impact on quality of life. Among many possible treatments, intradermotherapy is a promising and controversial procedure, with few studies in the literature so far. Objectives: Comparatively evaluate the efficacy of intradermotherapy with a 5% minoxidil solution in patients with androgenetic alopecia. Methods: Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1, with 13 participants, went through 10 sessions of intradermotherapy with 7 day intervals between each one. Group 2, with 11 participants, applied 1 ml of a topical minoxidil 5% solution on dry scalp twice a day throughout this study. All patients were evaluated with clinical and trichoscopic pictures taken before and after 12 weeks of treatment. Results: Most patients in both groups perceived improved capillary density and thickness of hair strands, and reduced hair loss, without statistical difference between group 1 and 2. Trichoscopic evaluation performed by specialists did not find statistical difference between the groups. Conclusion: The results of intradermotherapy with minoxidil are similar to the results of topical application of the same substance.

Herbal formulations always have activity and comparatively lesser or no side Effects with synthetic. The growth activity in a concentration range for 1-10% separately.Excellent results of hair growth were seen in formulation prepared by boiling method of oil preparation technique. Natural remedies AR acceptable in the belief that they are safer with fewer side effects than synthetic one. Herbal hair oil is one of the most well recognized for hair treatment. Herbal oil not only moisturizes scalp but also reserves dry scalp and dry hair condition. It provides various essential nutrients required to maintain function of sebaceous glands and promotes natural hair growth. Were subjected to test of sensitivity, pH, odour, colour etc. In Ayurveda medicine, herbs are used as an integral part of health care system. Besides healthcare, herbs are also used for beautification of the body and for preparation of various cosmetics and colors .The aim of present study involve spreparation of poly herbal hair oil using fresh leaves of various plants. The prepared herbal oils were subjected to photochemical screening,. The aim of present study involves preparation of poly herbal hair oil. Using the leaves in neem. The concept of beauty and cosmetics is as ancient as mankind and civilization. So, they use various beauty products that have herbs to look charming and young. Herbal cosmetics are now-a-days widely used by the common people because of concept of f ewer side effect sand with abettersa wetland security profiles

Background: Androgenic alopecia is characterized by its diffuse loss and the miniaturization of the hair. The study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of procapil, redensyl, capixyl, bicapil, and anagain in topical hair growth serum in androgenic alopecia. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 110 healthy subjects aged 18-60 with androgenic alopecia in the Department of Dermatology, Tundla, Etmadhpur. Each subject applied 1 ml of serum on a dry scalp and was followed up on the 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th week. Mean, median, and standard deviation were calculated. A repeated measure of the ANOVA test followed by post-hoc pairwise comparison using the Bonferroni test was applied. JAMOVI® (Sydney, Australia) software, was used for the statistical analysis. Results: Seventy subjects completed the four follow-ups. Post hoc pair-wise comparison showed that each pair differed significantly, and an increased mean score was observed between the initial and follow-up assessments for the mean Anagen:Telogen (A:T) ratio and mean hair diameter [76.84 μm vs 77.77μm, 76.84μm vs 80.03 μm, 76.84 μm vs 82.33 μm; p<0.05]. A significant difference was found in hair density between baseline and 16th week [76.84 vs 84.60; p=0.002]. No adverse effects were observed. Conclusion: This study's results suggest that after 120 days of treatment with hair serum, it is safe and effective, improving the A:T ratio, hair density, and hair thickness and hence reducing hair fall.

ABSTRACTBackgroundGraying is an inherent and unavoidable consequence of the aging process, impacting individuals of all genders. There are limited studies in Saudi Arabia that have examined the prevalence and predictors of premature graying of hair (PGH).ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the prevalence and predictors of PGH before the age of 30 among the population of Saudi Arabia.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional online survey that was conducted between July 2023 and February 2024 in Saudi Arabia. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors of having gray hair before the age of 30.ResultsA total of 1193 participants were involved in this study. A significant portion of respondents reported having gray hair before the age of 30 (55.9%). The younger population (younger than 44 years), smokers, and those who have comorbidities, have anxiety, have depression, have a family history of gray hair before the age of 30 years, have a dry scalp, suffer from vitamin or mineral deficiencies, have hair loss due to immune diseases (such as alopecia), and use minoxidil or rosemary for hair loss were more likely to have gray hair before the age of 30 years (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study highlighted the high prevalence rate and associated predictors of PGH in Saudi Arabia. Identified predictors include genetic, health, and lifestyle factors. Healthcare professionals and decision makers are advised to promote the awareness of the general public on its risk factors to enhance the prevention of PGH. Public health initiatives include campaigns on smoking cessation, healthy nutrition, and mental health.

Background and objectiveScalp dandruff, a prevalent dermatological condition marked by flaking and itching, affects a large segment of the population. Sun exposure, genetics, and dryness, along with winter conditions, indoor heating, and hard water, all contribute to moisture loss and scalp imbalance. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of a novel regimen combining a scalp scrub with hydroxy acid derivatives for exfoliation and dandruff removal, and a serum containing copper tripeptide-1, witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana), hesperidin, hyaluronic acid, and pea protein (Pisum sativum) for hydration and scalp health.MethodsThis prospective, interventional, open-label, single-center study assessed the safety, efficacy, and in-use tolerability of a scalp scrub and serum regimen for mild to moderate dandruff. Ethical approval was granted by ACEAS - Independent Ethics Committee and all participants provided written consent. The study evaluated changes in Adherent Scalp Flaking Score (ASFS), scalp hydration with the Corneometer® CM 825, hair thickness, hair density, and scalp condition using CASLite Nova. Scalp appearance and treatment usage perception were evaluated on day 1, day 8, and day 15. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistics v29.0.1.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) and Microsoft Excel 2019, with results reported as p-values and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsAs per the ASFS scale for adherent scalp flaking, a significant improvement of 61.24% (p<0.0001) was observed by day 15. Assessments with CASLite Nova showed significant increases in hair density and hair thickness by 12.48% (p<0.0001) and 25.36% (p<0.0001), respectively. Regarding scalp condition, the proportion of individuals with a dry scalp and significant keratin decreased from 65.52% at baseline to 6.9% by day 15. The incidence of dry scalp with fine dandruff also decreased from 6.9% at baseline to 0% by day 15. Conversely, the percentage of individuals with a dry scalp and some keratin increased from 27.59% at baseline to 48.28% by day 15. Also, the proportion of subjects with a normal scalp, characterized by good hair density and thickness, increased from 0% at baseline to 44.83% by day 15. Scalp skin hydration, measured by Corneometer® CM 825, showed a significant improvement of 76.24% (p<0.0001) from baseline to day 15. Overall, there were notable enhancements in scalp appearance, with reductions in itchiness, redness, roughness, and scaliness. All subjects reported satisfaction with the treatment.ConclusionsThe ThriveCo scalp regimen (scalp scrub + serum) has been demonstrated to be both effective and safe in treating and reducing scalp dandruff in healthy adults. The regimen significantly reduced ASFS by effectively removing visible scalp flakes from day 1 to day 15 with continuous use. Furthermore, the kit improved overall scalp condition, increased skin hydration, and enhanced the scalp's appearance. The components include scalp scrub with hydroxy acid derivatives for exfoliation and dandruff removal, and a serum containing copper tripeptide-1, Hamamelis virginiana, hesperidin, hyaluronic acid, and pea protein (Pisum sativum) for hydration and overall scalp health over the 15-day treatment period. The synergistic effects of this regimen work to clear visible dandruff flakes, reduce adherent scalp flaking, rejuvenate the scalp, and simultaneously strengthen the hair.

In recent times, there has been a surge in the popularity of complementary as well as alternative therapies, like tea tree (melaleuca) oil. Now available everywhere as both a pure oil and an active ingredient in numerous products, this essential oil has been utilised for almost a century in Australia. In the past, the main applications of tea tree oil have been to treat infections and inflammations. This review outlines the latest advancements in our comprehension of the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and therapeutic effectiveness properties of the oil and its constituents. A brief discussion of the oil's toxicity is included, along with a description of the specific mechanisms of antibacterial as well as anti-inflammatory effect. Tea tree oil balances the scalp’s natural oil production, making its useful for combating oily hair. Its antifungal properties make it effective in fighting dandruff and dry scalp conditions. This essential oil can be mixed with carrier oils or added to your regular shampoo for easy use.Bottom of Form

Dry scalp conditions affect a significant portion of the population, including children. Emerging evidence indicates the potential for improvement of atopic symptoms through altering the skin microbiome. Therefore, a topical treatment consisting of probiotic extracts, honey, turmeric, and vitamin B12 was manufactured to improve dry scalp symptomology through sustained balance of the microbiome. This interventional clinical study aims to determine the safety and efficacy of the topical treatment in reducing dry scalp symptomology in children 1-17 years old with dry scalp symptoms. Participants applied the topical dry scalp treatment 2-3 times per week for two weeks. Safety and efficacy of the topical treatment was determined through physician assessment using the validated Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) scale and the Total Severity Scale (TSS) during pre- and post-treatment clinic visits as well as parent reports at baseline, 1-week midpoint, and 2-week exit. Use of the topical treatment was associated with reduced symptoms of itchiness, dryness, irritation, and flakiness in children. The average IGA score was 3.0 at baseline and 2.0 after treatment, corresponding to a score difference of 1.0 (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.7, 1.2). The TSS score difference was 1.9 (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.4, 2.4). The total parent-reported scalp severity score decreased from 16.6 (95% CI: 14.8, 18.4) to 12.4 (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 11.0, 13.7) at 2-week exit. Study results mirror those reported in a study conducted in adults and point to the safety and efficacy of this natural topical treatment in reducing dry scalp symptomology in children. Based on our data, the combination of probiotic extracts and other anti-inflammatory ingredients appears to improve overall scalp health and appearance, though further studies will need to be conducted to further elucidate the link between clinical improvement and a balanced scalp microbiome.

Microbiome supplementation initially targeted the gut microbiota but has since been extended to the skin. A new category, psychobiotics, defined beneficial compounds with a positive action on microbiota, providing benefits to the host’s mental health. Pogostemon cablin leaf extract, proven to alleviate scalp dryness, was clinically evaluated on volunteers presenting dry scalp with flakes. A metagenomics study and sebum production analysis were performed, coupled to flakes scoring. The benefits of Pogostemon cablin leaf extract on emotions were assessed through three neuroscientific methods. Through this study, we proved that the skin microbiota of dry scalp was imbalanced, with increased alpha diversity and decreased Cutibacterium relative abundance compared to oilier skin. After applying our ingredient for one month, microbiota was rebalanced with a decrease in alpha diversity and increase in Cutibacterium relative abundance compared to the initial profile. Microbiota rebalancing led to an increase in scalp sebum and decrease in dry flakes compared to the start of the study. This global rebalancing improved the emotional state of people with scalp dryness who expressed more positive emotions after treatment.

Introduction: Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA) is a progressive loss of hair in a patterned distribution for which treatment selection is limited. Long-term efficacy, safety, cost leads to low compliance rate. Among various treatment modalities (medical and surgical) available, microneedling and Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) are emerging as a newer, useful and safe non surgical treatment regime. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of microneedling with PRP versus minoxidil (5%) + finasteride (0.1%) topical therapy in AGA. Materials and Methods: This randomised controlled trial was done at Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology (DVL), Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Safedabad, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India, from November 2021 to November 2022. Total of 60 adult males clinically diagnosed with AGA were enrolled and randomised into group 1 and group 2. Subjects in group 1 were treated with microneedling+PRP and group 2 were advised minoxidil+finasteride topical therapy. Microneedling alongwith intradermal injection of autologous PRP was done every month for four consecutive months in group 1 (n=30) while 1 mL of minoxidil (5%)+finasteride (0.1%) lotion was advised to be applied over dry scalp twice daily for four months in group 2 (n=30) patients. Both groups were followed for next two months. Hair density was assessed by Hamilton Norwood Scale using photographic and dermoscopic images and patient’s self-assessment scores. Data assessment was done by Chi-square test. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 was used to analyse data and p-value for significance was established at &lt;0.05. Results: Patients in group 1 with mean age 27.9±4.15 years showed almost similar increase in hair density compared to group 2 with mean age 25.8±3.94 years, as assessed by patient assessment score, photography, dermoscopy, Hamilton Norwood scale at six months of study (p-value &gt;0.05), however onset of action was quicker in group 1. Investigator assessment on improvement in hair density using Hamilton Norwood Scale at three months (p-value=0.920) and six months (p-value=0.995) showed that microneedling+PRP therapy is as effective as minoxidil+finasteride lotion since the difference between results of both groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Microneedling and PRP although safe, effective and promising treatment modality in AGA is comparable to minoxidil+finasteride topical therapy.

The aim of the present study is to formulate and evaluate herbal Anti dandruff hair wash powder containing eighteen herbal ingredients and soluble egg shell membrane in a proportionate combination with an emphasis on safety and efficacy. It contains scientific blends of Poduthalai (or) Turkey tangle frog fruit, Shikakai, Pulankelangu (or) White turmeric, Amla extarct, Curry leaf powder, Venthayam (or) Fenugreek, Pasipayiru (or) Mung bean, Vettiveru (or) Vetivergrass, Rose powder, Sembaruti (or) Hibiscus powder, Avaram (or) Tanner's cassia, Kadukkai (or) Indian hog plum, Lady’s finger powder, Redcabsol (or) Red cabbage powder, Arappu leaf powder, Tulsi extract, Neam Leaf powder, Karisalankanni (or) False daisy powder and Soluble egg shell Membrane. With respect to the prior art data each ingredient has several independent studies to prove that they have Anti-bacterial, Anti-fungal, Anti-dandruff and Hair growth promoting properties. Soluble Egg Shell Membrane (Enzyme) used in the preparation of TRICHONEMTM consists of different types of collagens (I, III, V, X), glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronic acid, keratin and elastin. In this study all the selected ingredients were sieved using mesh, weighed accurately and mixed geometrically for uniform formulation and then evaluated for parameters including Organoleptic, physicochemical, physical, irritancy along with stability examination. The dried powder of combined form had passable flow property which is suitable for a hair wash powder. The pH of all formulations observed are near to neutral range. During irritancy test, TRICHONEMTM hair wash powder formulation does not express any type of irritation on skin and eyes. Hence the results proved that hair wash powder formulations are suitable for its intended use. In vitro Antidandruff Activity of TRICHONEM TM hair wash powder against dandruff causing organisms such as Malassezia furfur, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum was evaluated using Antifungal Susceptibility Testing-Disk Diffusion Method. Zone of inhibition produced by TRICHONEMTM was high for all the three organisms considered for study. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test revealed that the growth of dandruff causing organisms was reduced due to the effect of TRICHONEMTM hair wash powder. Pilot study considering 50 female volunteers in age range of 22-40 were studied to evaluate the performance of TRICHONEM TM hair wash powder for following parameters such as Dry scalp, Hair fall, Dandruff, Scaling, Pruritus and the results concludes that TRICHONEM TM hair wash powder formulation scored high ratings in treating the hair conditions after 4 weeks of treatment in comparison with placebo. The results from in-vitro anti-dandruff study and pilot study confirm the ability of TRICHONEMTM hair wash powder, which is developed with best ingredients in optimized combination as the best replacement for synthetic counterpart.

This Perspective offers a concise overview of the current, state-of-the-art, neural sensors for brain-machine interfaces, with particular attention towards brain-controlled robotics. We first describe current approaches, decoding models and associated choice of common paradigms, and their relation to the position and requirements of the neural sensors. While implanted intracortical sensors offer unparalleled spatial, temporal and frequency resolution, the risks related to surgery and post-surgery complications pose a significant barrier to deployment beyond severely disabled individuals. For less critical and larger scale applications, we emphasize the need to further develop dry scalp electroencephalography (EEG) sensors as non-invasive probes with high sensitivity, accuracy, comfort and robustness for prolonged and repeated use. In particular, as many of the employed paradigms require placing EEG sensors in hairy areas of the scalp, ensuring the aforementioned requirements becomes particularly challenging. Nevertheless, neural sensing technologies in this area are accelerating thanks to the advancement of miniaturised technologies and the engineering of novel biocompatible nanomaterials. The development of novel multifunctional nanomaterials is also expected to enable the integration of redundancy by probing the same type of information through different mechanisms for increased accuracy, as well as the integration of complementary and synergetic functions that could range from the monitoring of physiological states to incorporating optical imaging.

Dandruff is one of the commonest scalp disorders of high cosmetic value. The clinical features include skin flaking, pruritus, irritation, feeling of a tight or dry scalp and hairfall. These symptoms are mentioned in Ayurveda classics as Twak Sphutana, Kandu, Kesha Bhoomi Rukshata, Keshachyuti in Darunaka described under Kapaalaroga by Acharya Vagbhata. Contemporary treatment of Dandruff advocates prescription that is highly expensive. Thus, there is a need for cost effective, simple and safe intervention in the management of the same. In the present study, a 26-year-old female having the features of Chronic Dandruff was treated with Masha Kanji Shirolepa. Marked improvement in the signs and symptoms were observed after treatment.

The idea of beauty and cosmetics is as historic as mankind and civilization. So, they use various beauty merchandise which has herbs to appearance captivating and young. natural cosmetics are nowadays widely utilized by commonplace human beings because of the concept of fewer aspect consequences and a higher protection and safety profile. the prevailing work aimed to formulate natural oil for trendy reasons (utility in hairs) using numerous herbs. T: natural cosmetics have burgeoning demand inside the global market and are an inestimable presence of nature. There are huge spans of natural cosmetic products to meet the beauty regime. The presence of some of phytochemicals and botanicals in the herbal products have twin stuff, one which they're used as cosmetics for body care and another that phytochemicals amend the organic features of the human frame certainly resulting in wholesome skin and hairs. herbal hair oil no longer simplest moisturizes the scalp however also converse dry scalp and dry hair conditions. It bestows several crucial vitamins required to preserve everyday functions of the sebaceous gland and sell natural hair increase.

Kerion is an inflammatory type of tinea capitis manifesting as boggy crusted nodules. Diagnosis of kerion is often challenging due to high rates of false-negative mycological samples. A retrospective study among children with kerion, prior to antifungal treatment, was conducted to assess rates of false-negative mycological samples. Specimens for direct microscopy and fungal culture were collected at baseline and after administration of an oral antibiotic course, with or without an oral steroid course. Kerion was categorized as highly inflammatory when a painful, moist scalp nodule with spontaneous purulent discharge or exuberant crust was present, or mildly inflammatory when an erythematous, dry scalp nodule was seen. Twenty-three children (mean age 7.9± 3.0 years) were included in the study. Trichophyton tonsurans was the most common species isolated (69.6%). Highly inflammatory kerions were significantly more likely to be culture negative before treatment than mildly inflammatory kerions (80% vs. 16.7%, p< .01). Non-inflammatory tinea capitis lesions (n= 13) were culture positive in all cases. Following a combined oral antibiotic and steroid course given to most highly inflammatory kerions (n= 11/13), higher rates of positive fungal cultures were found compared to baseline (90.9% vs. 18.2%, p< .01). High rates of negative fungal cultures were found only in highly inflammatory kerion. Sampling a highly inflammatory kerion after a combined oral antibiotic and steroid course improved rates of positive fungal cultures. In addition, sampling of non-inflammatory tinea capitis lesions (when present in addition to the kerion) had the highest culture sensitivity.

This study is to solve the problem of dry scalp that becomes drier after dyeing hair through scalp scaling and scalp essence care. As people get older, they dye their hair black due to gray hair, but there are many cases where side effects have occurred to the scalp. The experimental group applied [scalp shampoo → scalp scaling → scalp essence] after dyeing hair, and the comparison group applied [scalp shampoo → scalp essence] after dyeing hair. Comparison group didn't apply scalp scaling that remove residue. The moisture measurement, which is the standard for scalp and hair health, was conducted a post-test on the experimental group and the comparative group to verify it. The moisture level of the experimental group steadily increased as the rounds continued, and the moisture level of the comparison groups increased in the first round, but it decreased sharply in the second round, and then slowly increased again. The increase in moisture between rounds was effective in both experimental and comparison groups. While the experimental group had significant effects on all scalp types (p<.05), the comparison group was not meaningful(p>.05). Visually observed through scalp diagnostic measurements, a large amount of dye residue was removed from the first scaling of the experimental group after gray hair dyeing. During the second, third, and fourth rounds, positive changes were identified such as dye residue, scalp dead skin mass, scalp tone, and moisture. However, the comparison group was a significant difference in the dye residue, scalp dead cells, scalp tone, and moisture. Through this study, the result of using scalp scaling and essence once a week for a month reduce scalp sensitivity and inflammation after dyeing, and it was observed visually through a diagnostic device (100 magnification, 400 magnification). Using scalp scaling and essence has been found to solve dry scalp problems due to dyeing, with rapid sedation and nourishment to the dry scalp.

Shampoo is a hair care product. Shampoos are used not only for cleansing of hair but also for control of hair fall, dandruff, frizz, or to prevent damage to excessive oily or dry scalp etc. The aimed of this study is to formulating the shampoo which contains the herbal extracts which can be the best alternative against the chemical based shampoos and also may show better safety. In this study we use herbal leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum, family Crassulaceae possesses antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumour, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antiulcer properties. The objective of this study was to take the benefit of the nature of Bryophyllum pinnatum extract and prepare shampoo incorporating in the herbal constituent base and evaluate this natural herbal shampoo.