Ocular Comorbidities of Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.

Association of Ocular Comorbidities on Long-term Patient-Reported Outcome Measures After Multifocal Intraocular Lens Implantation.

Analysis of the nonclinical safety and antinociceptive potential of amentoflavone (AMT) on corneal pain in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Modern presbyopia-correcting intraocular lenses (IOLs) offer a potential solution to address the rising postoperative demand and expectations for spectacle independence following cataract surgery. However, IOL calculation and selection becomes more complex when presented with previous corneal refractive surgery (CRS) or co-existing corneal conditions. This review explores the use of presbyopia-correcting IOLs in eyes with co-existing corneal conditions or surgically altered corneas. Careful consideration and selection is required in patients with co-existing corneal conditions who desire spectacle independence. Presbyopia-correcting IOLs have been shown to be safe and provide good uncorrected vision in eyes with previous CRS. Modern biometry formulas have improved predictability in eyes with previous CRS, though evidence related to presbyopia-correcting IOLs is limited. Pinhole IOLs may be suitable for eyes with irregular/aberrated corneas. Further evidence regarding presbyopia-correcting IOLs is required in eyes with dry eye disease, keratoconus, and corneal graft. Knowledge of the range of available IOLs are key to optimizing visual quality and achieving spectacle independence. Patients with prior CRS or co-existing corneal disease(s) present unique challenges when considering presbyopia-correcting IOLs. While promising options are available, successful outcomes depend on careful patient selection, thorough corneal assessment, and realistic management of patient expectations.

Ectoine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles enhance the protection of lacrimal glands and corneal tissues in dry eye disease through modulating NF-κB mediated signaling pathway

Commentary: Toward a global atlas of ocular surface biology: Rationale, design, and clinical applications.

The ocular surface in type 2 diabetes: pathophysiology and impact of anti-diabetic drugs.

Effectiveness of Bifidobacterium bifidum BB00 as adjunctive therapy for postoperative dry eye: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Introduction/framework/objectives There are several ophthalmological pathologies that can arise and/or worsen under certain work conditions, and it is also possible that some diseases at this level can cause changes in the ability to work. The aim of this article was to summarize the most relevant publications at this level. Methodology This is a Literature Review, initiated through a search carried out in May 2024 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content According to the literature consulted, the main work situations that can cause ophthalmological problems are contact with some chemical agents (“dry eye”/decreased tear production, as well as hypoxia of the retina and/or optic nerve) or the Valsalva maneuver (which can cause detachment of the retina and/or vitreous, a situation that is reasonably prevalent in tasks involving loads/efforts). Ultraviolet radiation possible potenciates situations like cataracts and pterigium. In turn, the eye pathologies most likely to cause changes in work performance appear to be keratoconus, “dry eye”, glaucoma, cataracts, conjunctivitis, pterygium and diabetic retinopathy. Discussion and Conclusions If the Occupational Health and Safety team is aware of the interaction between ophthalmological diseases and work, the diseases are less likely to arise and/or worsen and the quality of life, satisfaction and performance/productivity of employees will be greater, as well as greater profit for the employer. KEYWORDS: ophthalmological diseases/pathologies, retinal/vitreous detachment, glaucoma, keratoconus, “dry eye”, cataract, conjunctivitis, pterygium, diabetic retinopathy, occupational health, occupational medicine, occupational nursing and occupational safety.

ABSTRACT Dry eye disease (DED) is a common chronic ocular disorder leading to corneal epithelial cell injury and death during general anesthesia. Recent studies have focused on reactive oxygen species (ROS) clearance, but existing strategies lack the ability to prolong drug retention time and addressing both corneal epithelial cell protection and ROS clearance synergistically. Hydrogels have emerged as a promising approach. However, the application of tannic acid (TA) and Ce4⁺ in hydrogels for DED treatment remains underexplored. This study proposes a smart hydrogel based on gelatin, TA and Ce4⁺, forming a cross-linked network with dynamic covalent bonds. The hydrogel exhibited >90% ROS clearance efficiency, ~95% human corneal epithelial cell viability after 24 h of co-culture, and ~90% intracellular ROS clearance under oxidative stress. These results indicate that the Gel10-TA@Ce hydrogel effectively prevents oxidative damage while maintaining excellent cytocompatibility, addressing the limitations of current dry eye disease treatments.

ObjectivesAcupuncture has been widely studied for its safety across multiple countries. Sterile acupuncture (SA), represented by the thumbtack needle, is commonly used due to its ease of application, minimal pain, and allowance of free movement. However, it is also associated with adverse events (AEs) such as foreign body sensation and allergic contact dermatitis. Biodegradable microneedle acupuncture (BMA) is a newly developed medical device that may overcome these limitations. This trial aims to confirm the superiority of BMA over SA (represented by the thumbtack needle) in terms of safety.MethodsA total of 224 participants diagnosed with dry eye disease, asthenopia, ocular pain, Bell’s palsy and its sequelae, or ptosis will be recruited from two hospitals. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either BMA or SA in a 11 ratio. Acupuncture will be performed at eight standardized points bilateral GB14, TE23, EX-HN5, and ST1. Treatments will be administered three times per week for four weeks by Korean medicine doctors or residents with at least three years of clinical experience. The needles will be removed by the participants after four hours. The primary outcome is the incidence of treatment-related AEs. Secondary outcomes include vital signs, blood test results, incidence of allergic reactions, visual analog scale (VAS) scores for symptoms, quality of life, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores, and treatment satisfaction.ConclusionThis trial will provide evidence regarding the safety of BMA. The results may help clinicians select a safer alternative to conventional thumbtack needles, especially for patients with sensitive skin. In addition, findings may serve as reference data for regulatory evaluation of BMA safety and efficacy.

Patients’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward dry eye disease management

Lacrimal gland Ga-68 PSMA-11 PET/CT radiomic profile: a potential novel imaging biomarker in dry eye disease.

Dry eyes and eye strain are common problems, especially among individuals who spend extended hours in front of screens or in environments with low humidity. Some people, due to various reasons, tend to blink less frequently, exacerbating these issues. Prolonged screen exposure in children often leads to reduced blink rates, causing dry eye syndrome and digital eye strain. This causes the disease Keratoconjunctivitis. Additionally, children frequently misplace their glasses, creating inconvenience for parents and potential vision correction gaps.

Psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and dementia are increasingly associated with specific ocular and retinal abnormalities. These associations may reflect shared neurovascular, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative mechanisms, yet findings remain scattered and understudied. This systematic review synthesizes existing evidence on ocular and retinal pathologies across major psychiatric conditions, highlighting common retinal biomarkers that may inform future screening strategies. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted. Meta-analysis was initially planned but deemed infeasible due to significant methodological and reporting heterogeneity among eligible studies. Therefore, a structured qualitative synthesis was performed, supported by visual mapping of cross-disorder associations. Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria, covering major psychiatric conditions including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and dementia. Across these disorders, approximately three-quarters of schizophrenia studies (≈75%) reported retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning, and two-thirds of dementia studies (≈67%) showed retinal vascular abnormalities or RNFL loss. Glaucoma and dry eye syndrome were the most frequently observed in mood disorders, whereas microvascular dropout was reported in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) analyses of depression and bipolar disorder. The heatmap visualization highlighted overlapping neuro-ophthalmic signatures, and retinal biomarker analysis identified RNFL thinning and microvascular dropout as potential shared indicators of disease burden. This review emphasizes the emerging evidence for retinal biomarkers as accessible correlates of neuropsychiatric pathology. Although quantitative synthesis was not feasible, the qualitative patterns highlight the need for large-scale, prospective, and biomarker-validation studies integrating ophthalmology and psychiatry. These findings underscore the clinical potential of the brain-retina axis in mental health diagnostics.

Background: The maritime environment constitutes a unique epidemiological enclosure characterized by isolation, specific occupational hazards, and distinct environmental stressors including hyper-salinity and high ultraviolet (UV) albedo. While gastrointestinal and respiratory outbreaks at sea are well-documented, the burden of ocular morbidity remains under-quantified. This study aims to determine the prevalence and etiology of ocular emergencies, stratifying risks between industrial seafarers (crew) and recreational travelers (passengers). Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Data were extracted from eight observational studies (2014–2024) covering expedition cruises, commercial shipping, and leisure voyages. To address population heterogeneity, a stratified analysis was performed: Track A analyzed occupational trauma in crew, while track B analyzed environmental morbidity in passengers. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled proportions with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI), accompanied by a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. Results: The dataset represented a combined population of over 5,000 maritime subjects. The pooled prevalence of ocular involvement in maritime trauma cases was 18.4% (95% CI: 12.1%–25.5%). Etiological analysis of crew injuries revealed a dominance of mechanical trauma, specifically metallic foreign bodies (40.5%), followed by chemical burns (26.2%). In contrast, passenger morbidity was driven by environmental factors (photokeratitis, dry eye) and infectious conjunctivitis. Conclusion: Ocular emergencies represent a significant, preventable burden in maritime travel, with distinct risk profiles for crew and passengers. The high rate of occupational trauma suggests a failure in personal protective equipment (PPE) compliance, while the environmental burden reflects the dry ship phenomenon. Mandatory protective eyewear policies and the integration of anterior-segment tele-ophthalmology are critical interventions.

This study aimed to evaluate tear film (TF) status and meibomian gland (MG) function in SND. The study included 196 patients (386 eyes) with typical clinical features of SND (the main group) and 50 nominally healthy individuals (100 eyes) who underwent routine ophthalmic screening (the control group). The mean age in the study group was 48.0±12.7 years, with women comprising 85% of participants. Keratotopography and the dry eye disease (DED) diagnostic system were used to assess the first tear film break-up time (FTBUT) and the average tear film break-up time (ATBUT), tear meniscus height, lipid layer thickness, degree of MG loss (atrophy), eyelid margin condition, and conjunctival/limbal hyperemia. All patients in the study group exhibited DED and grade 2-3 meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD); FTBUT and ATBUT were 5.2±1.5 s and 6.4±1.7 s, respectively. In the control group, mean FTBUT (11.4±3.7 s) and ATBUT (12.2±4.1 s) values were within normal limits, and MG atrophy corresponded to grade 1 MGD, showing statistically significant differences from the study group. No significant intergroup differences were found in tear meniscus height (21.2±4.3 mm vs. 22.4±3.6 mm), lipid layer thickness (41.3±1.6 nm vs. 56.6±1.4 nm), eyelid margin and conjunctival/limbal hyperemia. SND predominantly affects women aged 45-50 years. The main risk factor for the disease is stage II-III MGD (MG atrophy of more than ⅓), accompanied by DED. Significant irregularity of the corneal surface in SND further exacerbates the course of DED.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic inflammatory disorder in which the LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction plays a central immunopathological role. Lifitegrast, the first approved LFA-1 antagonist for DED treatment, is limited by suboptimal efficacy and notable ocular irritation, highlighting the need for further optimization. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of novel LFA-1 inhibitors and identified compound 25 as the most potent candidate. Compound 25 demonstrated stronger LFA-1 binding affinity than Lifitegrast, and potently inhibited ICAM-1-mediated cell adhesion. Compound 25 protected human corneal epithelial cells from inflammatory hyperosmotic stress. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that it possessed a favorable ocular tissue distribution with negligible systemic exposure. In a benzalkonium chloride-induced DED rat model, compound 25 significantly improved corneal repair, tear secretion, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, it exhibited excellent ocular safety under both single and repeated dosing. These findings suggest compound 25 as a promising next-generation LFA-1 inhibitor for DED treatment.

PurposeThis review evaluates the epidemiology, risk factors, and effectiveness of nursing interventions for preventing ocular surface disorders in intensive care unit (ICU) patients from 2020 to 2025.MethodsA systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, with study quality and bias assessed using standardized tools. Comprehensive searches of 6 databases from January 2020 to May 2025 identified 40 eligible studies on ocular surface disorders in ICU patients, including randomized trials, cohort studies, and meta-analyses. Due to heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was used. Risk of bias was assessed with ROBINS-I and Cochrane tools, with subgroup analyses based on ventilation status and ICU type.ResultsThe incidence of ocular surface disorders in intensive care unit patients ranged from 20% to 60%, with dry eye disease (DED) occurring in 40%, exposure keratopathy in 23%, and conjunctivitis in 25% of cases. Major risk factors included mechanical ventilation, incomplete eyelid closure, prolonged sedation, and low environmental humidity. Multimodal nursing interventions that combined eyelid closure, ocular lubrication, moisture chamber application, and staff education effectively reduced the incidence of corneal injury from 69.7% to 13.8% in high-risk patients. Passive blinking exercises demonstrated significant effectiveness and feasibility in low-resource settings.ConclusionsOcular surface disorders are common in ICU patients but can be effectively prevented through standardized care, eye protection, lubrication, and staff training. Incorporating eye care into daily routines improves safety and visual outcomes, whereas simple measures like passive blinking remain practical and valuable.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) using the All-of-Us Research Program (AoURP) dataset from a large, demographically diverse U.S. population. Methods: In this cross-sectional, matched case–control study, participants with documented OSA were exactly matched 1:3 by age, gender, race, and ethnicity to controls without OSA. Associations between OSA and DED and MGD were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for obesity, diabetes, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, and cardiovascular disease at the time of enrollment. Results: Among the 628,649 AoURP participants, 59,804 individuals had OSA and 179,412 matched controls were identified with the same demographics (mean age 61.95 years; 54.0% female; 12.5% Hispanic; 62.3% non-Hispanic White; 15.5% non-Hispanic Black). Compared to controls, OSA participants had significantly higher rates of smoking (13.7% vs. 10.9%), obesity (68.4% vs. 13.2%), diabetes (43.3% vs. 11.7%), hypertension (76.4% vs. 28.2%), hyperlipidemia (74.5% vs. 27.5%), hypothyroidism (24.7% vs. 8.1%), and cardiovascular disease (43.1% vs. 12.8%) (all p < 0.001). Compared to matched controls, the prevalence of DED was significantly higher in the OSA group (19.4% vs. 5.8%), with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.76 (95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.70–1.82; p < 0.001). MGD prevalence was also higher in the OSA group (2.6% vs. 1.0%), with an adjusted OR of 1.43 (95% CI, 1.32–1.55; p < 0.001). Conclusions: In this large, demographically diverse U.S. population, obstructive sleep apnea was independently associated with a higher prevalence of both dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction. These findings provide large-scale U.S. evidence and suggest that screening for ocular surface disease may be warranted in patients with OSA to improve detection and management.