Drugs included in the urine drug screening (UDS) panel may not reflect current drug use patterns and therefore their clinical utility, particularly for drugs with low positivity rates, may be minimal. Laboratories should frequently review the components of their UDS panel. Based on clinical need and local epidemiology, the updated UDS panel included immunoassay screens for amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cocaine metabolite, fentanyl, opiates, and oxycodone. At Site 1 (June 2022), barbiturates and cannabinoids (THC) were removed, while fentanyl and oxycodone were added. At Site 2 (October 2024), THC and methadone were removed. Both sites implemented an improved assay for benzodiazepines. We determined volumes and positivity rates and assessed clinical effects pre- and post-implementation of an updated UDS panel and assessed whether clinicians ordered drug screens that were omitted from the panel. At Site 1, post-implementation, only 0.2% and 6.3% of UDS panels included a separate order for barbiturates or THC (e.g., UDS panel + THC screen), respectively. In contrast, fentanyl and oxycodone testing increased by 8- and 3-fold, respectively. At Site 2, post-implementation, only 2.8% and 7.1% of UDS panels included a separate order for methadone or THC, respectively. The positivity rate for benzodiazepines increased by 16% at both sites following implementation of an improved assay. Changes to the UDS panel aligned laboratory testing with patterns of drug use and clinical utility and standardized care within our healthcare system. Unnecessary testing was reduced; drugs removed from the panel were infrequently ordered.

Muse cells are endogenous pluripotent-like stem cells identified as stage-specific embryonic antigen-3 (SSEA-3)-positive subpopulations in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and connective tissues of various organs. Clinical trials conducted by intravenous injection of donor-Muse cells, without the use of immunosuppressive drugs, have demonstrated safety and efficacy across multiple diseases. Since the epitope recognized by the anti-SSEA-3 antibody is a glycolipid, rather than a protein produced by a genetic code, the antibody may detect Muse cells across different species. Muse cells possess unique properties, including the ability to survive under stressful conditions, spontaneously turn into different cell types from all three primary layers of the body, and repair tissues in living organisms. They have been isolated from several mammalian species. However, their presence and characteristics in companion animals, such as canine and feline, remain unexplored, despite the growing demand for treatments that regenerate tissues in veterinary medicine. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were established from adipose tissue taken during routine veterinary procedures. SSEA-3-positive cells were isolated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. SSEA-3-positive cells were found in both canine (0.93 ± 0.16%) and feline (2.9 ± 0.15%) ADSCs, similar to human rates. Gene expression analysis revealed that SSEA-3-positive cells exhibited significantly higher levels of the pluripotency markers Oct3/4 and NANOG compared with SSEA-3-negative ADSCs. In suspension culture, SSEA-3-positive cells formed ES cell-like M-clusters. These cells could differentiate into endodermal (SOX17, AFP), mesodermal (GATA2, DESMIN, SMA), and ectodermal (NESTIN, NF) marker-positive cells, as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry. These results show that canine and feline ADSCs contain SSEA-3-positive cells. These cells express pluripotency markers and can differentiate into endodermal, mesodermal, and ectodermal lineages. Their properties match those of Muse cells in humans and other mammals. This study offers basic evidence for isolating Muse cells from pets and demonstrates their potential for use in veterinary regenerative therapies.

Host-directed therapies (HDTs) to increase host control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and limit the pathology caused by tuberculosis (TB) have advanced from the laboratory to the clinic. Several of these HDTs are repurposed drugs, which provide significant advantages over lengthy and costly traditional drug discovery approaches. This review covers the preclinical, retrospective clinical, and randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence supporting the rapid repurposing of drugs for use as TB HDTs. We explore classes of potential HDTs by preclinical mechanism of action to identify cases where the concept of the therapy is sound, but the current availability of therapeutic agent is lacking. Apart from the drugs that have progressed through to RCTs, we highlight drugs with strong preclinical and retrospective portfolios that may form the next wave of trial candidates. Overall, HDTs are poised to contribute to a reduction in the global burden of TB and posttreatment lung disease.

Background and Objective Inappropriate use of sodium valproate (VPA) for seizure prophylaxis in neurosurgery poses clinical risks and increases healthcare costs. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a clinical pharmacist-led intervention, integrated with the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, in optimizing VPA utilization among neurosurgical patients. Methods This retrospective pre-post study analyzed patients in the Neurosurgery Department of a tertiary hospital who received sodium valproate between July 2022 and December 2024. A multidisciplinary team, led by clinical pharmacists, implemented a PDCA cycle to standardize sodium valproate administration. Key metrics—including irrational drug use, treatment duration, and Defined Daily Doses (DDDs)—were compared pre- and post-implementation. Results The intervention significantly increased the rational use of sodium valproate from 32.00% to 93.41%. This clinical shift was accompanied by substantial resource optimization, including a reduction in the average duration of injectable therapy (from 8.32 ± 6.44 to 5.37 ± 3.81 days) and a dramatic decline in the DDDs of prophylactic intravenous sodium valproate (from 184.69 ± 50.40 to 17.91 ± 8.92). Furthermore, inappropriate average DDDs were reduced from 0.55 ± 0.22 to 0.17 ± 0.09. Conclusion A pharmacist-led PDCA cycle is a feasible and highly effective strategy for fostering the rational use of sodium valproate in neurosurgical settings. These findings highlight the value of multidisciplinary frameworks in enhancing medication safety and institutional resource management within complex clinical environments.

To compare the effects of individual SGLT2 inhibitors on preventing new-onset proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and preserved kidney function. A target trial emulation was performed using commercially available databases, including health checkups and claims data, between April 1, 2014 and March 31, 2023. Patients with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, use of antidiabetic drugs, and/or disease codes of type 2 diabetes) and preserved kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, urinary protein < 1+ and without past history of chronic kidney disease) were included. We compared the risk of new-onset proteinuria among new users of empagliflozin, dapagliflozin and canagliflozin using the inverse probability of treatment weighting to adjust for baseline confounders and the inverse probability of censoring weighting to account for loss to follow-up. The mean age was 67.5 ± 10.3 years, and 60% were men. The mean HbA1c level and eGFR were 7.56% ± 1.32% and 75.0 ± 8.0 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. During the median follow-up of 522 [263-925] days, new-onset proteinuria occurred in 43, 66 and 48 empagliflozin, dapagliflozin and canagliflozin users, respectively. Dapagliflozin showed a higher risk of new-onset proteinuria (hazard ratio [HR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-2.33) than empagliflozin, particularly in men (HR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.53-3.58) (p for heterogeneity < 0.01). Empagliflozin was associated with a lower risk of new-onset proteinuria compared with dapagliflozin. These findings underscore the importance of individualised SGLT2 inhibitor selection but require confirmation in randomised controlled trials.

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) affects 50% to 90% of menstruating individuals, causing painful cramps and systemic symptoms like nausea and fatigue. Current treatments like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and hormonal contraceptives may have limited efficacy or side effects. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a noninvasive option that may help alleviate pain. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TENS for managing PD by analyzing randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, including RCTs comparing TENS to controls. Primary outcomes were changes in Visual Analog Scale scores, pain relief duration, and ibuprofen usage. Secondary outcomes included abdominal, lower back, and thigh pain, and Brief Pain Inventory scores. Data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 with a random-effects model. Results: Thirteen RCTs with 779 patients showed that TENS significantly reduced Visual Analog Scale scores (mean difference [MD]: −1.97, P = .0009), prolonged pain relief (standardized mean difference: 0.78, P &lt; .00001), and reduced ibuprofen use (MD: −1.29, P = .04). It also alleviated lower abdominal, back, and thigh pain. However, no significant difference was found in Brief Pain Inventory scores (MD: 0.01, P = .95). Conclusion: TENS is an effective, non-pharmacological treatment for PD, reducing pain intensity, prolonging relief, and lowering non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use, though further research is needed on its impact on pain-related disability.

Incidence and severity of opioid-associated skin and soft-tissue infections, often requiring intensive and costly medical care, have increased substantially since the emergence of xylazine in the US drug supply. Although progress has been made in clinical and harm reduction recommendations for treating xylazine-related wounds and slowing their progression, the mechanisms remain insufficiently established. This study aimed to describe wound experiences among people navigating xylazine exposure and explore their perspectives on wound etiology to inform collaborative clinical and public health approaches. Qualitative research as part of a convergent parallel mixed methods rapid assessment. Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Eligible participants were age 18 or over, Baltimore residents and reported injection drug use and xylazine and wound experience in the past year. Participants (n = 26) were evenly distributed by gender and race, mostly over 40, heterosexual, recently unhoused and most frequently injected "fentanyl, in combination with something" or speedball. Semi-structured qualitative interviews and participatory body mapping, verbatim transcription, iterative thematic analysis. Participants classified their wounds from mild (35%) to severe (23%) and commonly reported multiple wounds with shifting severity. Some characteristics matched those typically attributed to xylazine exposure, while others had less clear origins but were still perceived as xylazine-related. A spectrum from pimples, bumps, blisters to deep and blackened ulcerations were considered likely to be xylazine-related and a range of vascular and systemic symptomatology were considered possibly related, as were nasal and throat wounds for those who sniffed or snorted drugs. Participant causal attribution theories related to injection preparation (dilution, contamination), point of contact (subcutaneous tissue, vascularized areas, pulse injection) and interactions with co-occurring health conditions affecting vascular or immune systems (e.g. hypertension, auto-immune disorders). These align with physiological pathways suggested by clinicians and other researchers and offer additional explanations generated among people who inject drugs, drawing on injection-related physiological expertise and lived experience in the absence of formal clinical information. This attribution framework suggests a complex interplay between injection practices, xylazine's physiological effects and individual health conditions on wound development. Participant causal attribution theories about their possibly xylazine-related wounds align with physiological pathways suggested by clinicians and other researchers and offer additional explanations for wound etiology generated among people who inject drugs.

Nonunion of metacarpal fractures associated with NSAID use: a case report

This paper examined the psychological, social and nutritional health-related aspects that relate to drug use among higher education students. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study on 1,055 students in various colleges. The data was obtained by using self-administered questionnaire, which measured demographic, psychological, and social variables and nutritional health indicators in terms of drug use. The study identified living alone as a significant demographic predictor in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Positive and neutral attitudes towards drug use (OR = 0.044 and OR = 0.324, respectively), as well as protective or irregular behavioral practices (OR = 0.002) were significantly protective, psychologically. There were no significant differences in nutritional health indicators between users and non-users, but 98 % of the entire population sample had indications of mild malnutrition risk. To conclude, the issue of drug use among university students was more of a psychological and social process rather than a physical and nutritional health issue. Prevention plans are supposed to focus on cognitive and behavioral therapies. Even though drug use has not reached the stage of demonstrating any quantifiable physical health impact, the fact that malnutrition risk is high demonstrates that parallel nutrition-based health promotion interventions are necessary. KEYWORDS Cognitive–behavioral interventions, community influences, malnutrition risk, preventive strategies, psycho-emotional determinants, substance consumption.

Drug allergy is one of the most interesting and complex issues that a doctor of any speciality may encounter in their practice. Accordingly, the study of drug allergies remains a pressing concern in modern medicine, including allergology, taking into account the increase in the number of pharmacological drugs available on the market, the duration of drug use in global practice, and the development of pharmacotherapy for various nosologies. The main causative drugs of drug hypersensitivity are antibiotics and NSAIDs. Folic acid is a rare trigger of drug allergy. Currently, there are only a few reported cases of drug allergy to folic acid. This article presents a clinical case of immediate-type drug allergy to folic acid, confirmed by in vivo testing.

ABSTRACT Previous literature links emotional dysregulation (ED) to HIV acquisition risk and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. This study assessed the relationship between ED, HIV acquisition risk, and IPV perpetration cross-sectionally and longitudinally among men (18–30 years) in urban informal settlements and rural areas in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Data were drawn from 163 young men enrolled in a pilot randomized controlled trial of Stepping Stones and Creating Futures Plus (SSCF+). Regression models were used to examine baseline and longitudinal associations. Informed by previous findings that SSCF+ reduced ED among men with elevated depressive symptoms, we assessed whether the intervention modified ED – HIV/IPV associations in this subgroup using ED × intervention interaction terms among participants with elevated depressive symptoms (n = 56). Cross-sectionally, ED was associated with multiple sexual partners, alcohol use and drug use. Longitudinally, only alcohol abuse remained significantly associated with ED (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.06, 95% CI 1.02–1.11). ED increased the risk of emotional and combined IPV perpetration cross-sectionally, and longitudinally ED was associated with physical (aOR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02–1.13), emotional (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02–1.11), sexual (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01–1.10), and combined IPV perpetration (adjusted beta coefficient [aβ] 0.16, 95% CI 0.03–0.34). Among men with elevated depressive symptoms, combined IPV perpetration increased with ED in the control group but remained relatively flat in the intervention group. Addressing ED within IPV and HIV prevention programming may be an important strategy for reducing men’s IPV perpetration and HIV risk.

Resistance training is currently a widely targeted practice due to its ability to induce vital adaptations resulting from increased muscle strength (MS) and hypertrophy. There are reports of the concomitant use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with this practice for pain relief, which arises from the adaptive signaling of training. Based on this, the present study aimed to investigate whether the use of nimesulide concomitant with training could interfere with MS and hypertrophy. The sample consisted of 18 male Wistar rats, aged 91 days, with a body mass of 331 ± 20g, divided into three groups: Control (CTRL, n = 4); Trained (TR, n = 7); and Trained and Treated with nimesulide (COMB, n = 7). The training protocol followed the ladder-climbing model. Nimesulide was administered orally at a dose of 2.5mg/kg every day after training. Tissue collection of the Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL) muscle was performed two days after the last training session. After eight weeks of the training protocol, a significant increase in MS was observed in TR and COMB compared to CTRL (p < 0.05). A significant increase in FHL muscle volume was observed in COMB compared to CTRL and TR only when muscle mass was normalized to body mass (p < 0.05), whereas no significant differences were detected among groups for absolute FHL mass. Additionally, there were no differences in training load or volume between COMB and TR (p ≥ 0.05). Therefore, based on the results, it is concluded that the administration of nimesulide during eight weeks of training promoted a greater hypertrophic response of the FHL muscle in rats.

In the CAPLA trial, arrhythmia-free survival did not differ between patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) who underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with posterior wall isolation (PWI) vs. PVI alone. High AF polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been associated with increased left atrial substrate and arrhythmia recurrence post-ablation. Whether AF patients with high AF-PRS benefit from a more extensive ablation strategy (PVI with PWI) is unknown. To investigate the impact of adjunctive PWI on ablation outcomes in patients with persistent AF stratified by AF-PRS. Genome-wide genotyping was performed in a CAPLA trial subgroup and a previously validated AF-PRS was derived. The primary endpoint was freedom from documented atrial arrhythmia with or without the use of antiarrhythmic drugs at 3 years after a single ablation procedure in patients with high AF-PRS who underwent PVI with PWI vs. PVI alone. One hundred and seventy-four patients (75.29% male, median age 66.70 years) were evaluated. Mean AF-PRS was significantly higher than in a control cohort of healthy individuals (30.23 vs. 30.15; p < 0.001). Amongst patients with high AF-PRS (defined by AF-PRS corresponding to the top quartile of control cohort scores), there were no significant differences between patients who underwent PVI with PWI (n = 36) vs. PVI only (n = 49) with respect to atrial arrhythmia-free survival (p = 0.883), arrhythmia burden (p = 0.772) or quality-of-life scores (p = 0.794) over median follow-up of 3.76 years. In patients with persistent AF undergoing ablation, the addition of PWI to PVI in those with high AF-PRS did not significantly improve long-term ablation outcomes.

Relevance . The increase in the incidence of drug-resistant tuberculosis necessitates the use of new etiotropic drugs. One of such contemporary drugs is bedaquiline. The literature on the safety and efficacy of bedaquiline in the treatment of tuberculosis in children of early and preschool age is limited. The aim of the study was to assess the tolerability and effectiveness of treatment regimens, including bedaquiline, in children of early and preschool age with active tuberculosis with drugresistant MBT sites. Clinical observation of 7 children of early and preschool age receiving bedaquiline included in the standard chemotherapy regimens for tuberculosis with drug-resistant pathogen sites. Results . Data were obtained on good tolerability and high clinical efficacy of bedaquiline included in standard chemotherapy regimens. Conclusion . It is advisable to continue the clinical use of bedaquiline in children of younger and preschool age.

Atezolizumab is a widely used immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) for cancer treatment, and postmarketing testing is important. This study aims to provide a reference for the safe and rational use of drugs in clinical practice by mining and analyzing the adverse event (AE) signals of atezolizumab on the basis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). This research extracted AE reports from the second quarter (Q2) of 2016 to Q2 of 2024 from the FAERS. AEs were standardized and classified on the basis of the System Organ Class (SOC) and Preferred Term (PT) from the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) version 23.0. This study utilized disproportionality analysis (DPA) for signal mining and analysis, including the reporting odds ratio (ROR) method, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) method, and the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) method. We obtained a total of 3,124 AE signals and identified 640 PTs and 21 SOCs for atezolizumab. The highest signal intensity was systemic immune activation (n = 15, ROR = 449.20, PRR = 449.07, IC = 8.06), and the most frequently reported AEs were death, pyrexia, infectious pneumonia, anaemia, and febrile neutropenia. The top 100 PTs in terms of signal intensity involved a total of 16 SOCs, including those associated with endocrine disorders; respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders; and renal and urinary disorders. This study revealed that AEs in the endocrine, respiratory and urinary systems need to be monitored in clinical practice.

Goats play a significant role in farming communities in semi-arid tropical areas with limited cropping capacity; however, production is limited by endoparasites, especially gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs). Control of GINs is typically mediated by anthelmintic drugs, but can be costly or ineffective where anthelmintic-resistant GINs are present. To manage anthelmintic resistance and improve herd health at lower costs, farmers can implement Targeted Selective Treatment (TST) strategies to treat animals based on performance or health traits. The study aimed to quantify the impacts of plant-based interventions on goat health, nutrition, and parasite infections when applied in a targeted selective feeding regime under an arid environment. Here we trialled a farmer-led TST scheme using a worm diagnostic tool for sheep and goats based on checking five points on the animal body; nose (purulent discharge), eye (colour of the conjunctivae), jaw (subcutaneous pitting oedema), back (body scoring condition, and tail (mild to severe diarrhoea). This method, termed the Five Point Check or FAMACHA, was used to periodically measure goat health, with anthelmintic interventions provided only to individuals in poor condition. In addition to TST with anthelmintic, a plant-TST was trialled on 50% of the farms where goats in borderline or poor condition were supplemented with local bioactive plants (Viscum rotundifolium L. or Terminalia sericea). Plant-TST treatment significantly reduced worm burden (P < 0.001) from a mean of 485 EPG pre-treatment to 269 EPG post-treatment, with 75% of goats having a FEC of ≤ 400 EPG. Further, goats under plant-TST had significantly improved health outcomes (p < 0.001 FAMACHA scores) compared to TST-anthelmintic. Goats under plant-TST were 46.6% less likely to require any anthelmintic treatment. Plant- and anthelmintic-TST had a similar FEC reduction (55.5% and 52.5%, respectively). Plant-TST offers a low-resource means to sustainably manage GINs in in goats in semi-arid conditions.

People with behavioral vulnerability to HIV face barriers to healthcare engagement that may impede uptake of non-pharmaceutical and other interventions to prevent COVID-19. Understanding COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, and practices in this population can inform disease prevention efforts during future pandemics. From October 2022 to September 2024, we enrolled participants aged 14-55 years without HIV who endorsed recent sexually transmitted infection, injection drug use, transactional sex, condomless sex, and/or anal sex with male partners. At enrollment, we collected socio-behavioral data, including assessments of COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Robust Poisson regression with purposeful variable selection was used to estimate prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals for factors associated with COVID-19 preventive practices. Among 418 participants, 228 (56.9%) were female, the median age was 21 years (interquartile range 19-24), and 362 (84.9%) reported sex work. Knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 transmission routes was high (95.4%) but lower for the consequences of genetic variants (48.5%-69.7%) and possibility for asymptomatic infection or transmission (66.7%-80.8%). Handwashing was practiced by 90.8% of participants in the preceding month, whereas mask-wearing (76.5%), avoiding symptomatic people (73.7%), and any history of COVID-19 vaccination (46.9%) were less prevalent. Males were more likely to report avoiding symptomatic people (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.16 [95% confidence interval 1.03-1.31]) and COVID-19 vaccination (1.30 [1.05-1.60]). Enrollment during the BQ.1/BQ.1.1 Omicron wave was associated with less mask-wearing (0.81 [0.67-0.99]) but more vaccination (1.59 [1.29-1.95]). We observed variable COVID-19 knowledge and attitudes among Ugandan adolescents and adults with little impact on COVID-19 preventive practices. Efforts to address suboptimal uptake of disease preventive practices during this and future disease outbreaks will require more than just improving knowledge.

ABSTRACT Copycat offences based on media influences have received arguably little attention within academic literature. As such, a qualitative thematic analysis was conducted to copycat offenders whose offences were inspired by fictional media. Thirty offenders were identified who were responsible for thirty-nine offences overall. The results found that half of the offenders displayed excessive violence during their offences. Additionally, twelve offenders displayed behaviours similar to those of fictional characters. Six offenders actually deviated from the actions of fictional characters. Potential triggers for these offences were also explored, with prior familial disputes, drug use and mental illness being the most prevalent triggers.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common condition in emergency departments (EDs), often associated with significant mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to identify predictors of renal replacement therapy (RRT) requirement in patients presenting with AKI who did not meet absolute indications for RRT at ED evaluation but subsequently required RRT during follow-up. Methods: A total of 266 patients with AKI who were assessed in the ED were enrolled in this prospective observational study and subsequently monitored in the Internal Medicine Intensive Care Unit (ICU) between October 2022 and September 2023. Patients were allocated into 2 analytically defined categories: those not requiring renal replacement therapy [RRT (−)] and those who required RRT [RRT (+)]. Laboratory and clinical data were recorded prospectively. Results: During follow-up, 30.8% of the patients (n = 82) required RRT due to complications. The overall mortality rate of the study cohort was 32.3%. Regression analysis identified nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use (OR: 7.944, 95% CI: 1.583-39.871, P = .012) and elevated creatinine levels (OR: 1.321, 95% CI: 1.017-1.715, P = .037) as independent predictors of RRT requirement. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the area under the curve for creatinine levels was 0.818 (95% CI: 0.761-0.874, P &lt; .001). A creatinine cut-off value of 3.15 mg/dL was determined, with a sensitivity of 79.3% and a specificity of 70.1%. Conclusion: NSAID use and elevated serum creatinine at ED presentation are independent predictors of early RRT requirement in AKI patients. These factors may assist clinicians in identifying high-risk patients who may benefit from closer monitoring or earlier intervention. Cite this article as: Akdoğanlar Aİ, Satar S, Acehan S, et al. Acute kidney injury in the emergency department: key predictors for early renal replacement therapy. Eurasian J Med. 2026, 58(2), 1272, doi: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2026.251272.

Impact of rational drug use on chronic illness adaptation in elderly patients: A study from southeast Türkiye.