Drug Release System Research Articles

Electrospun poly-ε-caprolactone fibers loaded with inclusion complex of sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin with dexamethasone as potential drug release systems

Electrospun poly-ε-caprolactone fibers loaded with inclusion complex of sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin with dexamethasone as potential drug release systems

Exploring combinations of dihydroartemisinin for cancer therapy: A comprehensive review.

Exploring combinations of dihydroartemisinin for cancer therapy: A comprehensive review.

Multifunctional Framework Nucleic Acid Vehicle for Antibiotic Sensitization and Treatment of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACTThe increasing prevalence of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) due to antibiotic misuse necessitates novel therapeutic strategies to counter multidrug‐resistant infections. Here, we introduce a self‐assembling, aggregation‐enhanced tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (tFNA) platform that achieves targeted drug delivery through controlled aggregation and sustained release, effectively restoring MRSA susceptibility to β‐lactam antibiotics. These tetrahedral frameworks, termed tFNAs‐ASOs‐ceftriaxone sodium (TACs), serve as a dual‐functional system that co‐encapsulates antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting the mecA gene and the β‐lactam antibiotic ceftriaxone sodium (Cef). Aggregation of TACs plays a pivotal role in maximizing drug retention and stability, prolonging the localized release of both ASOs and antibiotics while maintaining high bioavailability at the infection site. Characterization studies, including size distribution, zeta potential, and fluorescence quenching assays, confirm their robust aggregation stability and encapsulation efficiency, ensuring controlled drug kinetics and prolonged therapeutic effects. Upon interaction with bacterial cells, the locally concentrated TACs facilitate efficient ASO‐mediated mecA silencing, thereby disrupting PBP2a expression and re‐sensitizing MRSA to β‐lactams. Simultaneously, the aggregated ceftriaxone sodium reservoir ensures sustained inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to effective bacterial clearance. In addition, TACs display potent antibiofilm activity by penetrating the biofilm matrix and delivering therapeutics directly to the embedded bacterial population, thereby overcoming the diffusion barriers. In vivo, TACs exhibit superior therapeutic efficacy in an MRSA‐induced pneumonia mouse model, significantly improving survival rates, reducing bacterial burden, and mitigating lung tissue damage. These findings highlight the transformative potential of tFNAs as an intelligent drug aggregation and release system, offering a novel paradigm for optimizing antibiotic therapy against multidrug‐resistant pathogens.

Simvastatin‐Release Photocurable Hydrogel With Microsphere Delivery System for Improved Dental Applications

ABSTRACTThe development of multifunctional injectable biomaterials that serve as frameworks for tissue neo‐deposition and promote dentin regeneration through resident dental pulp cells represents an innovative approach in regenerative dentistry. This study presents an injectable system based on a photocrosslinkable hydrogel, functionalized with a drug release system to deliver bioactive doses of the biomineralizing drug simvastatin. Chitosan microspheres (MSCH) loaded with 2%, 5%, or 10% simvastatin (MSCHSV) were prepared and incorporated into gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) to create a hybrid hydrogel activated by LED light. Characterizations, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pore size, porosity, and swelling capacity, confirmed the inclusion of particles and creation of a 3D biomaterial. The inclusion of microspheres did not alter the hydrogel's degradability under enzymatic action. Biostimulation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) on the hydrogel was evaluated through cell viability and mineralized matrix assays. Results showed no cytotoxic effects, with significant cell proliferation over time. HDPCs displayed an increase in mineralization nodules when cultured with GelMA functionalized with MSCH containing 2%, 5%, and 10% simvastatin. However, only the 10% concentration resulted in a significant increase. Thus, incorporating chitosan microspheres with 10% simvastatin into GelMA creates a controlled release system with high potential for direct pulp capping.

Conductive Antibacterial Silk Sutures for Combating Surgical Site Infections via Electrically Controlled Drug Release.

Current antibacterial sutures for preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) face challenges including suboptimal drug utilization efficiency and uncontrolled burst release. To address these limitations, an antibacterial conductive suture with an electrically controlled drug release system is developed in this study. Polypyrrole (PPy) doped with tannic acid (TA) is in situ polymerized on the surface of silk sutures precoated with chitosan/gelatin (CS/GE), designated as PCG-SS. The PCG-SS exhibits excellent conductivity, enabling voltage-dependent regulation of TA release. At -0.6V applied potential, PPy underwent electrochemical reduction with decreased positive charge density, enabling maximal TA release; conversely, at +0.4V, PPy attained an oxidized state with enhanced positive charges, strengthening electrostatic adsorption of anionic TA and achieving 80% suppression of drug elution. Under -0.6V stimulation, the antibacterial rates of PCG-SS against S. aureus and E. coli exceeded 90%. This work successfully validated that a PPy-based drug-controlled release system can effectively formulate drug release programs, providing new insights into the study of electronically controlled drug delivery systems.

Multi-responsive Pickering emulsions stabilized by amphiphilic cellulose nanocrystals for building smart release systems of hydrophobic drugs.

Multi-responsive Pickering emulsions stabilized by amphiphilic cellulose nanocrystals for building smart release systems of hydrophobic drugs.

Orally disintegrating films based on pullulan and HPMC with carbopol-coated mucoadhesive nanoparticles for dual-pattern drug release.

Orally disintegrating films based on pullulan and HPMC with carbopol-coated mucoadhesive nanoparticles for dual-pattern drug release.

Biofunctional Excipients: Their Emerging Role in Overcoming the Inherent Poor Biopharmaceutical Characteristics of Drugs.

Background/Objectives: With advancements in biomaterial sciences, biofunctional excipients have emerged to focus on solving issues with the drugs' inherent biopharmaceutical characteristics such as poor solubility, permeability, in vivo dissolution, and effective targeting. These advanced excipients significantly impact drug solubility, dissolution rates, absorption rates, permeation rates, penetration ability, targeting ability, and pharmacokinetic profiles. Methods: A literature review of recently published articles was prepared. Data were collected using scientific search engines. This review provided a detailed discussion of various biofunctional excipients including smart polymers, targeted polymers, bioadhesive polymers, lipids, amino acids, cyclodextrins, and biosurfactants. Each category was discussed in detail concerning its biofunctional applications, the mechanisms underlying these biofunctions, and examples of their effects on drug performance. Results: The data obtained indicated that the rapid advances in the manufacturing of pharmaceutical excipients have resulted in the development of a diverse array of smart or intelligent excipients that play a crucial role in enhancing inherent poor biopharmaceutical characteristics. Conclusions: These advancements have also facilitated the development of various drug delivery systems, including immediate, controlled, sustained, and targeted drug release systems. Also, numerous nano-based delivery systems have emerged utilizing the newly produced excipients.

Magnetically Triggered Drug-Release System and Magnetic Caged Calcium Using Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Hydrogels

Magnetically Triggered Drug-Release System and Magnetic Caged Calcium Using Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Hydrogels

Drug delivery for platinum therapeutics.

Drug delivery for platinum therapeutics.

Recent advances in metal-organic framework capabilities with machine learning innovations for enhanced drug release systems

Recent advances in metal-organic framework capabilities with machine learning innovations for enhanced drug release systems

Intelligent antibacterial coatings based on sensitive response and periodic fast drug release for long-term defense against corrosion induced by sulfate-reducing bacteria.

Intelligent antibacterial coatings based on sensitive response and periodic fast drug release for long-term defense against corrosion induced by sulfate-reducing bacteria.

Development of Biodegradable Polymers for Controlled Drug Release

Biodegradable polymers have emerged as an innovative platform for controlled drug release systems, offering significant advantages in terms of safety, efficacy, and patient compliance. This study investigates the synthesis, characterization, and application of novel biodegradable polymer matrices designed for the sustained release of therapeutic agents. By tailoring polymer composition and degradation profiles, the controlled release system ensures a consistent drug concentration over extended periods, thereby minimizing side effects and improving treatment outcomes. A comprehensive literature review up to 2017 was conducted to identify existing methodologies, limitations, and promising advancements. Statistical analyses were performed on in vitro release data, validating the consistency and reliability of the developed formulations. The results indicate that polymer modifications, such as copolymer blending and crosslinking density adjustments, significantly influence the degradation kinetics and drug release profiles. Furthermore, the optimized biodegradable systems exhibit a biphasic release pattern, characterized by an initial burst followed by a sustained release phase. This manuscript discusses the experimental approach, the statistical methods used for data analysis, and the implications of the findings. In conclusion, the developed biodegradable polymer systems not only promise improved therapeutic management but also open avenues for customizable drug delivery applications. Future research should focus on in vivo evaluations and scaling up the technology for clinical applications.

Design and characterization of nasal release system using ritonavir-imprinted pHEMA nanoparticles

The exceptional ability of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) to recognize specific molecular structures has recently facilitated their use in biomedical applications, including drug release. Controlled nasal drug release techniques effectively target specific tissues with optimal doses, timing, and location for therapeutic effects. This approach is advantageous due to the slightly acidic pH and low enzymatic activity in this region. MIPs are employed in these areas to enhance specificity and efficacy in drug release systems. This study aims to design an effective controlled nasal drug release system by imprinting the antiretroviral drug Ritonavir (RTV) onto pHEMA-based molecularly imprinted nanoparticles. Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), zeta-size analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the nanoparticles, verifying their spherical shape, content and consistent size distribution. Zeta-size analysis revealed that RTV-imprinted p(HEMA-MATrp) nanoparticles had an average size of 88.46 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.279. The MIP nanoparticles possessed a specific surface area of 628.34 m2/g. In vitro release studies showed controlled release behavior of RTV-loaded nanoparticles, fitting the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. At 2.0 mg/mL, 71% cumulative release was observed after 10 h. The cumulative release of the was lowest at pH 4.0 (26%) and highest at pH 7.4 (32%) for 1.0 mg/mL loaded p(HEMA-MATrp) nanoparticles. MTT cytotoxicity tests on L929 cells indicated reduced cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility. These results suggest RTV-imprinted p(HEMA-MATrp) nanoparticles as an effective drug release system for antiretroviral therapies.

Sourcing Interchangeability in Commercial Chitosan: Focus on the Physical-Chemical Properties of Six Different Products and Their Impact on the Release of Antibacterial Agents.

Sourcing and batch differences are often cited as intrinsic drawbacks for all natural polymers. Chitosan makes no exception. Chitosan is a biocompatible and biodegradable biopolymer with high potential for several biomedical applications, especially for releasing drugs and bactericidal and virucidal agents. Despite the potential of chitosan as a matrix for producing antibacterial films, the variability in its composition, stemming from its natural sources, can hinder the translation from bench to industry. To overcome this concern, we conducted a study to access the interchangeability of chitosan for the development of antibacterial drug release systems, in particular one system crosslinked with tannic acid and iron sulfate. Chitosans from different suppliers were characterized and used to synthetize films containing gentamicin, according to a previously reported protocol. The impact of molecular weight (MW), deacetylation degree and purity on film properties and antibiotic release kinetics was assessed and results were compared. The films exhibited different initial bursts followed by similar sustained release profiles. All films exhibited antibacterial activity against both E. coli and S. aureus for at least 42 days. Moreover, films were cyto- and hemocompatible. Therefore, despite some differences in physicochemical properties, the interchangeability among the studied chitosan suppliers to produce antibacterial films is feasible, and the final product properties and performances are not significantly altered.

Surface Nanotube Engineering of Iodine‐125 Seed for Combination of Chemotherapy and Brachytherapy

AbstractIodine‐125 (125I) brachytherapy, in combination with chemotherapy, is extensively utilized for tumor treatment. However, the primary challenge in concurrently implementing brachy‐chemotherapy involves integrating the in situ implantation of 125I seeds with the systematic administration of chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, a novel 125I seed modified with titanium dioxide nanotubes (125I@TNT) is proposed to establish a localized drug release system. The titanium dioxide nanotubes are fabricated through anodic oxidation, exhibiting a uniform diameter of ≈100 nm and a thickness of 1 µm. These nanotubes effectively loaded doxorubicin (29.16 µg DOX/seed) while meeting the quality standards for subsequent applications, such as outer diameter and leak‐proofness properties (125I@TNT loaded with DOX is named 125I@TNT‐DOX). In vivo distribution studies revealed that 125I@TNT‐DOX delivered significantly more DOX concentrations to tumors compared to free DOX administered intravenously (5 mg kg−1) while delivering less DOX in the heart. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that apoptosis is the primary mechanism of cell death induced by 125I@TNT‐DOX. Additionally, 125I@TNT‐DOX effectively suppressed the growth of subcutaneous tumors in 4T1 and Hepa1‐6 tumor‐bearing mouse, surpassing other treatments, particularly the combination of 125I seeds and intravenously administered DOX (5 mg kg−1). This system offers a promising strategy for enhancing concurrent brachy‐chemotherapy.

Smart core-shell microneedles for psoriasis therapy: In situ self-assembly of calcium ion-coordinated dexamethasone hydrogel.

Smart core-shell microneedles for psoriasis therapy: In situ self-assembly of calcium ion-coordinated dexamethasone hydrogel.

Novel hybrid system based on carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel encapsulating drug loaded nanoparticles for prolonged release of Vancomycin in the treatment of bacterial infection.

Novel hybrid system based on carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel encapsulating drug loaded nanoparticles for prolonged release of Vancomycin in the treatment of bacterial infection.

“On-demand” pH triggered drug release system with tunable isoelectric point

“On-demand” pH triggered drug release system with tunable isoelectric point

Pulsatile drug delivery system: A review

Pulsatile Drug Delivery Systems (PDDS) are increasingly recognized for their ability to deliver drugs at specific times, tailored to the pathophysiological needs of a disease. This approach enhances therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. The core concept of PDDS involves a defined lag-time before a rapid drug release, which can be particularly beneficial for treatments requiring synchronization with the body’s natural circadian rhythms. By aligning peak plasma concentrations with these biological cycles, PDDS can improve both the safety and effectiveness of drugs over a 24-hour period. There are various techniques for achieving pulsatile drug release, including pH-dependent and time-dependent systems. These systems are generally classified into multiple-pulse and single-pulse categories. A common example of a single-pulse system is the rupturable dosage form, which releases the drug in one rapid dose after the lag-time. PDDS offer several advantages, including reduced dosing frequency, minimized side effects, and the potential for targeted drug delivery to specific sites such as the colon. Several innovative PDDS technologies, including Pulsincap and Diffucaps, have been developed and launched by pharmaceutical companies, further expanding the applications of pulsatile release and improving patient outcomes.