The caring for and rearing of children typically take place within the nuclear and extended family. However, as the number of two-working parent, single-parent, and teenage-parent families increases, the demand for extrafamily child care will also expand. These trends are clearly visible with the tremendous rise in utilization of some form of extrafamily care over the last ten years. For example, in March 1976, 54% of all married women with school-age children were employed, compared with 26% in 1948 (Keniston, 1977). Between the years 1970 and 1976, the proportion of preschool-age children of mothers who either worked or looked for work rose from 29% to 37%, despite a sharp drop in birth rates since 1970 (Day Care and Child Development Reports, 1977). Over 6,500,000 children under the age of six have mothers in the labor force (Fraiberg, 1977), and one million school-age children have no formal care between the hours after school closes and their parents return home from work (Advisory Committee on Child Development,