Drinking Water Research Articles

Boarding houses serve as a second home for many students offering not just a place to stay but also a sense of comfort, community, and belonging, making the safety and well-being of residents a pressing concern. This study aimed to assess the implementation of boarding house rules and regulations in Barangay Maloro and Silanga, Tangub City, with a focus on facilities, fire safety, sanitation, and maintenance. A total of 259 respondents participated in the quantitative survey, while seven boarders were interviewed for qualitative insights. The findings indicated that, overall, respondents were satisfied with the boarding houses' basic facilities such as comfort rooms, lighting, and waste management. However, concerns arose regarding the inconsistent supply of potable water, inadequate fire safety measures, and insufficient maintenance of electrical and fire safety equipment. The study concludes that while the boarding houses largely meet the required standards, improvements are necessary in specific areas- particularly water supply, fire safety responsiveness, and water safety to better ensure the well-being of the residents. Based on these findings, it is recommended that boarding house owners implement a consistent water supply, improve fire safety inspections, and provide better electrical fault management to enhance overall living conditions for student boarders.

Limited access to improved sources of water is a worldwide apprehension, predominantly in lower-middle-income nations with limited infrastructure. Limited and unsafe drinking water contributes to poor health outcomes, mainly among children. To safeguard the health and well-being of the community as a whole, it is essential to have access to safe drinking water. In Somalia, rural households have more limited access to drinking water fetched from improved sources compared to those living in urban areas. This research intended to analyse access to better drinking water sources for households and associated determinants, utilizing the 2022 Somali Integrated Household Budget Survey (SIHBS) data. The research employed the SIHBS 2022 dataset, a nationally representative dataset. To provide a concise summary of the findings, descriptive statistics were performed. The relations between the explanatory and predictor variables were studied utilizing the Pearson chi-square test. In contrast, a multivariate logit regression model was utilised to determine whether risk factors are significantly related to the criterion variable (water sources). The study analyzed the SIHBS 2022 dataset, which contains 7212 sample households, for its representativeness. This study found that 77.1% of Somali households have access to better sources of drinking water. The gender of the head of household (AOR: 2.230, 95% CI: 2.005-2.472), education status of the family head (AOR: 2.938, 95% CI: 2.083-4.142), household size (AOR:1.472, 95% CI: 1.326-1.633), place of residence (AOR: 2.367, 95% CI: 2.095-2.675) as well as the region of the respondent (AOR: 1.903, 95%, CI: 1.368-2.645), were all statistically significant predictors associated to household's access to better-quality sources of drinking water. This article examined the determinants that impact access to potable water from better sources. While overall national access to better-quality water is good, a gap between urban and rural water access exists. To ensure that households headed by females, particularly in rural settings, have adequate access to water from improved sources, the government and its value development partners should develop policies to inform the community about the benefits of improved water sources, thereby reducing WASH-related health problems.

Meloxicam is commonly used for analgesia, but no preparation approved specifically for use in mice. Here, we determined plasma concentrations, safety, and impact on home-cage behaviors for subcutaneous injection (5 mg/kg) and oral self-intake (sweetened drinking water, 20 mg/kg/24h, 5 days) for C57BL/6J mice (n = 21/sex). After injection, plasma concentrations measured by LC-MS/MS were higher in females (2h) and remained within an estimated therapeutic range (390-911ng/mL) for up to 6h. T1/2 was 2.32h. Despite acceptance, plasma levels fluctuated strongly during oral self-intake. Side effects comprised reduced grip strength and increased vocalization (Irwin test), increased clinical score values (females, oral treatment) with two individuals reaching humane endpoint, increase in body temperature, body weight drop, decreased wheel-running activity, increased burrowing latency (males), and prolonged grooming activity (females). Grimace scale, nesting activity and plasma corticosterone remained unaffected. Red blood profile parameters and ALT were decreased and Ca2+ and Cl- concentrations elevated. Histopathological analysis revealed inflammatory cells and hyperplasia in stomach and jejunum. In view of the unfavorable pharmacokinetics, meloxicam treatment via the drinking water is unsuitable in mice. The limited tolerability make prolonged treatment with the doses studied appear inappropriate.

Dental caries remains a major public health concern for children in the State of Qatar. Drinking optimally fluoridated water could be one of the most promising evidence-based approaches to lower caries experience amongst children in the country. The present study aimed to gather information on parental preferences regarding their children's drinking water sources and their knowledge about beneficial trace elements such as fluoride in drinking water. This cross-sectional perspective study was conducted among parents of school-aged children living in the State of Qatar. A pilot-tested fifteen-question survey was distributed to parents living in the three most populated regions of the country. Descriptive data analysis was carried out to assess parental responses. The survey results showed that the majority of parents (63.9%) preferred commercial bottled water as the principal drinking water source with parental choice based mostly on the water purity. A large majority of parents (82.1%) did not know, or were not sure whether fluoride was present in their drinking water and over half the surveyed parents (51.5%) were not aware of the cariostatic benefits of fluoride in drinking water. Parental knowledge about drinking optimally fluoridated water to improve a child's dental health was positively associated with their education level. The study findings indicate the need to improve parental knowledge of the benefits and safety of children drinking optimally fluoridated water so that they can make informed choices for their children.

This research aims to evaluate the adsorption performance of activated carbon derived from sorghum bagasse through a two-step activation process involving both chemical and physical activation. The sorghum bagasse precursor was first chemically activated using potassium carbonate (K?CO?) as the activating agent, followed by physical activation at 800 °C under an inert atmosphere. The resulting activated carbon was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to examine its surface morphology. Adsorption experiments were subsequently conducted employing methylene blue as a model dye at various initial concentrations to determine the adsorption efficiency. The results revealed that the K?CO?-activated sorghum bagasse carbon exhibited excellent adsorption capability, achieving a removal rate of up to 99% for methylene blue. Overall, these findings demonstrate that sorghum bagasse has considerable potential as a sustainable and cost-effective precursor for producing high-quality activated carbon with outstanding dye adsorption performance. Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):SDG 6: Clean Water and SanitationSDG 12: Responsible Consumption and ProductionSDG 13: Climate Action

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemistry-based treatment modality that synergizes with traditional agents and can overcome chemoresistance. Eighty percent of ovarian cancer patients develop chemoresistant disease, highlighting the need to identify sources of treatment failure and develop rational combinations. Studies have shown that perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) induce chemoresistance in a duration-dependent manner in OVCAR-3 cells. PFAS are widespread drinking water contaminants present in the blood of nearly all Americans. The present study evaluated the ability of photodynamic priming (PDP), a sub-cytotoxic variant of PDT, in combination with chemotherapy to overcome chemoresistance in two OVCAR-3 cell cohorts: PFAS chronically-exposed and outgrown (allowed to "recover" from chronic PFAS exposure). Effectiveness of benzoporphyrin derivative- (BPD-) or aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX-PDP (ALA-PpIX-PDP) was assessed in combination with carboplatin and doxorubicin. In PFAS chronically-exposed cells, BPD-PDP + carboplatin reduced survival fraction compared to carboplatin alone. Mitochondrial membrane potential also decreased significantly in both cohorts following ALA-PpIX-PDP-based combinations. PDP + doxorubicin also successfully overcame chemoresistance arising from chronic PFAS exposure but was less effective than PDP + carboplatin. Together, these findings demonstrate the efficacy of PDP-based combinations in overcoming chronic PFAS exposure-induced chemoresistance and should be explored in pre-clinical models of ovarian cancer.

The aim of this prospective cohort study is to build evidence on transmission dynamics and risk factors for Vibrio cholerae infections in cholera patient households. Household contacts of cholera patients were observed for 1 month after the index cholera patient was admitted to a healthcare facility for stool, serum, and water collection in urban Bukavu in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. A V. cholerae infection was defined as a V. cholerae bacterial culture positive result during the 1-month surveillance period and/or a 4-fold rise in a V. cholerae O1 serological antibody from baseline to the 1-month follow-up. Sixty-seven percent of cholera patient households (56/83) had ≥1 V. cholerae infected contact during the 1-month surveillance period. Twenty-seven percent of contacts (134 of 491) of cholera patients had a V. cholerae infection. Twelve percent (9 of 77) of cholera patient households had a stored water sample with V. cholerae by bacterial culture, and 7% (5 of 70) for water sources. Significant risk factors for symptomatic V. cholerae infections among contacts were stored food left uncovered (odds ratio (OR): 2.39, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13, 5.05) and younger age (children <5 years) (OR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.90), and a drinking water source with >1 colony forming unit Escherichia coli 100 mL (OR: 3.59, 95% CI: 1.46, 8.84) for V. cholerae infections. None of the contacts residing in households where the index patient consumed doxycycline in the past 48 hours had a V. cholerae infection compared with 28% of contacts (133 out of 470) where the index patient did not consume doxycycline (P = .005). The findings indicate a high risk of cholera among contacts of cholera patients in this urban cholera endemic setting, and the need for targeted water treatment and hygiene interventions to prevent household transmission of V. cholerae.

Vegetables are vital to human nutrition, but they can sometimes harbor pathogens, posing a threat to the consuming populace. This study assessed the parasitic contamination in irrigation water, farm soil, and vegetables in Mai’adua Local Government Area, Katsina State, Nigeria. A total of 840 samples (comprising 120 water, 120 soil, and 600 vegetable samples) were collected from Sabke and Koza irrigation sites during both the wet and dry seasons and examined for parasites using the sedimentation method. The results showed that water contamination rates were 46.6% and 45.0% during the wet and dry seasons, respectively, while the soil showed contamination rates of 53.3% and 48.3% in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Furthermore, vegetable contamination rates were 16.0% in the wet season and 18.7% in the dry season at Sabke, while at Koza, they were 18.0% in the wet season and 16.0% in the dry season, respectively. Among the parasites isolated, Entamoeba histolytica was the most frequent in water, with rates of 22.1% in the wet season and 22.9% in the dry season, respectively. Ascaris lumbricoides was widely distributed in soil (36.0% in wet and 42.9% in dry seasons, respectively). In vegetable samples, Ascaris lumbricoides also had the highest incidence (28.7% in the wet and 24.6% in the dry seasons). The overall contamination rates were 45.83% for water, 50.83% for soil, and 17.17% for vegetables. Spinach was the most contaminated (25.8%), followed by lettuce (23.3%), cabbage and pepper (14.7% each), and tomato (8.3%). The chi-square (χ²) test results indicated a significant (P &lt; 0.05) difference between contamination and vegetable types. This study underscores the importance of farmers’ education on hygiene practices and the use of clean water for irrigation and consumption.

Beaver dam–pond systems reshape the hydrology of lowland landscapes by slowing water flow and trapping sediments, thereby reducing the movement of pollutants. This study examined how such beaver-engineered wetlands can naturally filter and signal contamination risks associated with lead (Pb). We combined data from three matrices—bottom sediments, riparian vegetation, and non-invasively collected beaver fur—across three Lithuanian sites (2022–2024). Previously published datasets on plants and sediments were complemented with new information from beaver fur to explore seasonal and age-related effects as well as differences inside and outside dam zones. Lead levels were consistently higher in sediments than in plants, while beaver fur reflected variable, site-specific exposures. These results show that beaver activity contributes to the capture and redistribution of sediment-bound Pb in wetland buffers. The approach demonstrates how beaver habitats can serve as low-cost, nature-based sentinels for pollutant monitoring. Using beaver fur as a non-invasive bioindicator and managing dam stability can improve the ecological and policy relevance of buffer zones. Overall, the findings support the integration of beaver-engineered wetlands into environmental management and EU water policy, contributing to SDG 6 goals for clean water and sustainable wetland use.

Urban areas in Jakarta face significant pressure on clean water resources due to increasing population and anthropogenic activities. This research aims to conduct biomonitoring of the Situ Bambon Ciracas ecosystem, East Jakarta, by analyzing water quality and the community structure of macrozoobenthos, phytoplankton, and zooplankton as bioindicators. A descriptive quantitative method was used, involving measurements of water physical-chemical parameters (TDS, TSS, pH, BOD, COD, Total-P) and identification of aquatic biota. The results indicate that the water quality of Situ Bambon Ciracas is lightly to moderately polluted, dominated by organic compounds. BOD (5−34.67 mg/L) and COD (17.05−193.56 mg/L) values consistently exceeded the Class 3 water quality standards, and TDS showed an increasing trend. The biota community structure reflects these conditions: macrozoobenthos showed moderate diversity (H′=1.2, E=0.6). Phytoplankton (H′=3.12−3.2, E=0.74−0.76) and zooplankton (H′=2.11−2.16, E=0.76−1.95) showed high diversity and evenness, but were dominated by bioindicator species tolerant to organic pollution (e.g., Oscillatoria sp., Nitzschia sp., Colpoda sp., Closterium sp.). The positive correlation between the abundance of these bioindicator species and high BOD and COD confirms organic waste as the main driver of ecological change. In conclusion, the Situ Bambon Ciracas ecosystem is under significant anthropogenic pressure. The dominance of pollution-tolerant species, despite existing diversity, highlights the urgency of comprehensive management and restoration efforts to maintain the sustainability of this urban lake.

In recent years, public discourse on pesticide impacts has increasingly recognized institutional and structural racism as key drivers of health disparities in Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) communities. While pesticides are vital for crop protection from causing yield losses, extensive research highlights their adverse effects on environmental quality and human health. These impacts disproportionately burden BIPOC populations, making pesticides a major environmental justice (EJ) concern like many other environmental pollutants. Despite progress in understanding these effects and advancing EJ, significant technical, social, and policy gaps remain. The objective of this review is to systematically examine critical gaps in technical, social, and policy dimensions, as well as the environmental and human health impacts of pesticide exposure on BIPOC communities in the United States, through the lens of environmental justice. This review synthesizes 128 sources peer-reviewed articles, books, reports on pesticides, EJ, and BIPOC communities in the U.S. Key findings reveal uneven distribution of pesticide-related health and environmental burdens along racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic lines. Non-Hispanic Blacks and Mexican Americans exhibit higher pesticide biomarkers and greater exposure risks than non-Hispanic Whites. Structural racism and classism, rooted in historical systems, perpetuate these inequities, compounded by regulatory failures and power imbalances. In addition, the EPA has flagged 31 pesticide manufacturing facilities for “Significant Violations” of key environmental laws, including the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. These systemic issues underscore urgent needs for transparency, accountability, and equitable policy reform. An EJ framework exposes critical knowledge gaps and calls for structural changes to ensure equal protection and responsive policies for the most affected communities.

Access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is critical for health and academic performance. Yet, many schools in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ghana, face significant challenges in providing adequate WASH facilities, leading to profound implications for students' health and academic performance. This study evaluates WASH practices among pupils in basic schools in the Mfantseman Municipality, Ghana, using a mixed-method approach involving 368 pupils from 16 schools. Findings reveal that while most schools have access to water and sanitation facilities, many are partially functional or non-operational, particularly in rural areas. Although handwashing facilities are widely available, only 30.2% of pupils consistently wash their hands with soap before meals, despite higher rates (63.3%) after toilet use. The study highlights the lack of separate facilities for menstrual hygiene management, disproportionately affecting female students. These findings underscore the need for improved WASH infrastructure and behaviour change interventions. This study contributes to the literature on WASH in schools. Based on the study's findings, it is recommended that the Ghana Education Service, Teachers and Parents should ensure infrastructure improvement while implementing behaviour change interventions in the basic schools.

The widespread presence of microplastics (MPs) in fresh surface water has raised concerns about potential human exposure through drinking water sourced from these environments. While MP research is advancing to understand the occurrence and fate of MPs in drinking water production systems, data based on mass concentration is scarce. This study assesses MP concentrations in the drinking water supply system of Amsterdam (the Netherlands) from source to tap, analyzing raw water from two freshwater sources (Lek Canal and Bethune Polder), treated water from two drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) (Leiduin and Weesperkarspel DWTPs), and household tap water samples from the Amsterdam distribution area. MPs ≥ 0.7 µm were identified and quantified using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) targeting 6 high production volume polymers: polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Average MP concentrations in raw water samples were 50.6 ± 34.7 µg/L (n = 14) and 47.5 ± 33.7 µg/L (n = 14), while treated water samples exhibited significantly lower levels of 0.80 ± 0.44 µg/L (n = 12) and 1.65 ± 2.19 µg/L (n = 14), demonstrating high removal efficiencies of 97-98%. PE, PVC, and PET were the most abundant polymer types detected. Household tap water samples showed lower concentrations with an average of 0.21 ± 0.12 µg/L (n = 20). These findings highlight the effective removal of MPs during drinking water treatment processes while emphasizing the need for further research to understand the factors influencing MP transport and fate within water distribution networks.

The Sukodono Reservoir (Gresik, East Java, Indonesia) is a pump-fed, multi-compartment system integrating irrigation and potable supply. We assess scenario-based operations and an economic appraisal. Three vertical-turbine pumps are installed (3×150 L/s); routine operation uses two units at 81% efficiency, yielding 243 L/s for 12 h/day (10.498 m³/day), with the third unit as standby/peak. By 2039, the population is projected at 30.801, requiring 22 L/s, supplied by a 30 L/s WTP. Irrigation storage targets are 120.000 m³ (250 ha core plantation), 270.000 m³ (2.250 ha inter-cropping), and 546.750 m³ (secondary crops). Six phased-expansion scenarios over six years were evaluated. Results show the designed operation reliably meets the 22 L/s potable demand while achieving the irrigation storage targets across scenarios. Base-case economics at a 5.50% discount rate (WACC) indicate IRR 18.50%, BCR ≈ 1.00 (break-even), and payback 7.10 years. We conclude that pump-fed reservoirs can integrate rural water supply and dryland irrigation effectively, although economic performance is marginal under the base case; viability improves with efficiency gains and prudent O&amp;M/Fuel-Cost control.

The growing worldwide need for energy and worries about climate change and pollution emphasize the necessity of renewable energy and clean water. Solar energy is among the most abundant and environmentally favorable approaches. Solar cell technology has improved particularly via more effective nanocomposites, making it a viable renewable energy source. Thin film nanocomposite (TFN) offers a promising strategy to address critical renewable energy and water treatment challenges. These innovative materials integrate the unique features of nanoparticles with thin-film architectures to improve performance, durability, and efficiency. TFN generally consists of a matrix material mixed with nanoscale inorganic and/or organic components, providing special characteristics that could enhance the stability and efficiency of solar devices. Obtaining the substantial properties of TFN depends on the compatibility of the mixing components and deposition technique. The utilization of nanomaterials introduces novel functionalities, such as enhanced light absorption, improved charge separation and transport, and increased structural stability, contributing to the overall advancement of solar cell technologies.Advanced deposition techniques and material engineering enhance the optical, electrical, and catalytic properties, improving energy conversion efficiency in solar cells and effective contaminant removal in water treatment. This review summarises the latest developments in TFNs relating to solar energy and water purification. It illustrates how material design and multifunctional integration can facilitate a unified system for various applications. The review highlights the importance and innovation of TFNs as a sustainable and scalable clean technology solution.

In numerous fields such as industrial production, medical services, and environmental governance, pipeline systems serve as core infrastructure, undertaking critical functions like fluid transportation and waste discharge. However, after prolonged use, pipelines are highly susceptible to a variety of issues. These include the accumulation of dirt, blockages caused by foreign objects, and corrosion damage. Such problems not only affect transmission efficiency but may also lead to safety accidents and environmental pollution. Traditional pipeline cleaning methods, such as manual cleaning and high-pressure water jets, face limitations. In narrow, curved, and complex variable-diameter pipeline environments, these methods are often inefficient, unsafe, and unable to achieve thorough cleaning. To address this, bionic in-pipe crawling cleaning robots have emerged. This article explores the design and application of bionic in-pipe crawling robots, which mimic biological locomotion methods, such as earthworm peristalsis and snake-like slithering, to achieve navigation and cleaning in complex pipeline environments. The study reviews current technologies, details the robot's structural design, locomotion mechanisms, and sensor integration. It also analyzes applications in industrial, medical, and environmental monitoring fields, highlighting adaptability and efficiency. Challenges are identified, such as limited navigation accuracy and insufficient cleaning efficiency, while future trends like multi-robot collaboration and advanced materials are envisioned. Through theoretical simulations and literature synthesis, the robot's potential is validated, providing insights for enhancing reliability in diverse scenarios.

Climate change in recent years has also greatly affected extreme drought, floods and surface water quality too. Non - anthropogenic and anthropogenic activity have an impact on the parameters of the hydrological regime of rivers, potentially leading to negative effects on the surface water. Therefore, monitoring changes in the quantity and quality of water in streams is necessary. The partial aim was to evaluate eutrophic state of water in Danube River basin following the assessment physical - chemical and micr obiological indicators in monitored period. The major influencing factors on water eutrophic include nutrient enrichment, hydrodynamics, environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, carbon dioxide, element balance, microbial and biodiversity. During the years 2010 – 2025 the values of pH were evaluated in the Žitný ostrov channel network Danube Lowland (Slovakia). From obtained results it follows that the mean pH value varied from 6 to 8,5 and EC from 250 mg.l - 1 to 450 mg.l - 1 over the whole monitored period. In clean natural waters (both surface and underground), the pH value is determined by physical - chemical parameters and the balance between free CO 2 and bound CO 2.

Knowledge of the distribution of key elements in natural waters is a crucial variable in evaluating geochemical processes and optimising environmental conditions. This work assessed the Nwaniba River in Akwa Ibom State to calculate the spatial distribution, contamination status of selected essential elements, and the sources of these elements in the sediment and water (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Na, Mg, K, and Ca). It aimed to learn about the interaction between sediment and water, as well as the parameters that determine the behaviour of these elements. Four strategic locations were sampled and analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Descriptive statistics, correlation data, geoaccumulation factor (EF), principal component analysis (PCA), and water quality indices (HPI, MI) were used to interpret data. The findings indicated that the realm of the levels of the elements concentration included Fe (76,838 mg/kg in sediment; 3.12 mg/L in water), which is highly exceeded the WHO (0.3 mg/L) ranges. Geogenic control of factors by weathering of minerals indicated strong (r &gt; 0.8) Na--Mg--Ca--Fe correlations, and geogenic control of factors indicated by natural lithologic factors as the major source factor was shown by PCA (PC1 = 72.7% variance). The representative values of the unpolluted sediment, slightly enriched by small anthropogenic contributions (Igeo = 0.4), were used, with EF (&lt;2) and Igeo (&lt;1), resulting in a lower Zn content in the sediment. High WQI (&gt;400) and HPI (&gt;450) proved that the blame for poor water quality lies not with industrial discharge, but with Fe alone. This research paper finds that the Nwaniba River is geologically stable and unchanging and recommends periodic Fe studies of the river as a means of determining the water quality, along the lines of an aerator-based treatment method. It will require the management of the river catchment to maintain the ecological integrity of the River Nwaniba, thereby upholding safe domestic water use. In conclusion, these results can be triangulated with previous studies in the Niger Delta and West African basins to demonstrate that the Nwaniba River is a stable and unpolluted chemical and environmental system, with the degradation of water quality being restricted to the solubility of Fe under natural geochemical conditions.

Drinking water safety represents a critical global environmental challenge. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), a persistent organic pollutant widely distributed worldwide, poses severe threats to human health due to its bioaccumulative potential and inherent toxicity. In this study, we developed a molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on an MXene/polypyrrole (PPy) hybrid for the highly sensitive quantification of PFOS in aqueous environments. Through controlled pyrolysis-induced carbon confinement on MXene surfaces, defect-engineered structures were constructed. This strategy simultaneously expanded MXene interlayer spacing while mitigating oxidation-induced structural degradation and layer stacking, thereby enhancing electrical conductivity and interfacial electron transfer kinetics. The resulting signal amplification significantly increased the detection sensitivity. Furthermore, the titanium nitride (TiN) formed during high-temperature pyrolysis enhanced sensor stability and mitigated performance deterioration during electrochemical detection cycles. Under optimized conditions, the molecularly imprinted sensor exhibited a linear response to PFOS across a concentration range from 0.02 nM to 1000 nM, with an ultralow detection limit of 0.5 pM (5 × 10-13 M). The fabricated sensor also displayed excellent anti-interference capability, reproducibility (RSD < 5.2%), and stability. It was successfully applied to the analysis of tap water, river water, and simulated wastewater, with satisfactory recoveries ranging from 90.3% to 113.3%. This work provides an efficient and cost-effective strategy for monitoring PFOS in water samples.

Ongoing climate change is marked by occurrence of extreme weather events (e.g., heavy rain falls and heat waves), to which reservoir ecosystems are sensitive. Despite the occurrence of heavy rains, the lack of water can increase, since such precipitation is characterized that it falls quickly, but also run s off quickly. Therefore, it is necessary to capture and use these precipitations as much as possible. On the other hand, in order to ensure suitable water quality for future use, it is necessary to take in to account the land use around water bodies, especially in locations where heavy downpours may burden water bodies with flushed nutrients. Theref ore, in the context of global warming and more extreme climatic conditions, further research should focus on the underlying ecological mechanisms of reservoirs and providing scientific support for water security and sustainable development. Water reservoirs an d water quality in them a re the subject of the project APVV – 22 – 0610 "Technological procedures for the r emoval of endocrine disruptors and the elimination of the occurrence of cyanobacteria and their undesirable effects in water sources to ensure th e quality of drinking water according to the increasing requirements of the new EU Drinking Water Directive", w ithin which water quality indicators in selected water reservoirs in Slovakia are monitored. One of them is the Turček water reservoir located in centr al Slovakia above the village of Turček in the Turčianske Teplice district at the confluence of the Turie c and Ružová streams. On July 2024, during field measurements for the purposes of this project, a storm event with intense precipitation occurred in this l ocation. Paper deals with processing and analysis of changes in the measured values of selected indicators of water quality in the reservoir - water temperature, electrical conductivity of water and dissolved oxygen concentration - before and after this storm event. Before the initial monitoring of the spatial distribution of selected water quality indica tors in the Turček water reservoir, the current bathymetry of the reservoir was measured by the AUV – EcoMapper. According to these data, a network of monitoring points was designed, in which the values of the monitored water quality indicators are measure d in the specified horizons. The values of the water quality indicators are measured with the 3630 IDS digital multimeter together with the MPP 930 IDS depth probe with housing. On July 17, 2024, a heavy rain combined with hail lasting 1 hour brought a tot al precipitation of 18 mm. After the precipitation event, water quality indicators were monitored at two monitoring points with depth s of 10 m and 37.5 m. The results show that such precipitation event did not significantly affect the values and distribution of evaluated water quality indica tors in the deep horizons of the reservoir. At the same time, however, the results point to the fa ct that area s with shallower depths located near the tributary react more sensitively to the occurrence of such a precipit ation event than area s in the central part of the reservoir. Of course, for a more detailed evaluation, or confirmation of the findings, it would be necessary to have more of these or simil ar data available. However, due to the spatial and temporal unpredictability of extreme hydrometeorological situations, obtainin g such data is very difficult.