DREB Genes Research Articles

Transcriptome-Wide Identification, Classification, and Characterization of AP2/ERF Family Genes in the Desert Moss Syntrichia caninervis.

APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) is a large family of plant transcription factors which play important roles in the control of plant metabolism and development as well as responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The desert moss Syntrichia caninervis, due to its robust and comprehensive stress tolerance, is a promising organism for the identification of stress-related genes. Using S. caninervis transcriptome data, 80 AP2/ERF unigenes were identified by HMM modeling and BLASTP searching. Based on the number of AP2 domains, multiple sequence alignment, motif analysis, and gene tree construction, ScAP2/ERF genes were classified into three main subfamilies (including 5 AP2 gene members, 72 ERF gene members, and 1 RAV member) and two Soloist members. We found that the ratio for each subfamily was constant between S. caninervis and the model moss Physcomitrella patens, however, as compared to the angiosperm Arabidopsis, the percentage of ERF subfamily members in both moss species were greatly expanded, while the members of the AP2 and RAV subfamilies were reduced accordingly. The amino acid composition of the AP2 domain of ScAP2/ERFs was conserved as compared with Arabidopsis. Interestingly, most of the identified DREB genes in S. caninervis belonged to the A-5 group which play important roles in stress responses and are rarely reported in the literature. Expression profile analysis of ScDREB genes showed different gene expression patterns under dehydration and rehydration; the majority of ScDREB genes demonstrated a stronger response to dehydration relative to rehydration indicating that ScDREB may play an important role in dehydrated moss tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first study to detail the identification and characterization of the AP2/ERF gene family in a desert moss. Further, this study will lay the foundation for further functional analysis of these genes, provide greater insight to the stress tolerance mechanisms in S. caninervis and provide a reference for AP2/ERF gene family classification in other moss species.

Overexpression of MsDREB6.2 results in cytokinin-deficient developmental phenotypes and enhances drought tolerance in transgenic apple plants.

Dehydration-responsive element binding factors (DREBs) play important roles in plant growth, development, and stress signaling pathways in model plants. However, little is known about the function of DREBs in apple (Malus × domestica), a widely cultivated crop that is frequently threatened by drought. We isolated a DREB gene from Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) Roem., MsDREB6.2, and investigated its functions using overexpression analysis and chimeric repressor gene-silencing technology (CRES-T). We identified possible target genes of the protein encoded by MsDREB6.2 using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Overexpression of MsDREB6.2 increased the expression of a key cytokinin (CK) catabolism gene, MdCKX4a, which led to a significant reduction in endogenous CK levels, and caused a decrease in shoot:root ratio in transgenic apple plants. Overexpression of MsDREB6.2 resulted in a decrease in stomatal aperture and density and an increase in root hydraulic conductance (L0 ), and thereby enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic plants. Furthermore, manipulating the level of MsDREB6.2 expression altered the expression of two aquaporin (AQP) genes. The effect of the two AQP genes on L0 was further characterized using the AQP inhibitor HgCl2 . Based on these observations, we conclude that MsDREB6.2 enhances drought tolerance and that its function may be due, at least in part, to its influence on stomatal opening, root growth, and AQP expression. These results may have applications in apple rootstock breeding programs aimed at developing drought-resistant apple varieties.

Expansion and stress responses of the AP2/EREBP superfamily in cotton

BackgroundThe allotetraploid cotton originated from one hybridization event between an extant progenitor of Gosssypium herbaceum (A1) or G. arboreum (A2) and another progenitor, G. raimondii Ulbrich (D5) 1–1.5 million years ago (Mya). The APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element binding protein (AP2/EREBP) transcription factors constitute one of the largest and most conserved gene families in plants. They are characterized by their AP2 domain, which comprises 60–70 amino acids, and are classified into four main subfamilies: the APETALA2 (AP2), Related to ABI3/VP1 (RAV), Dehydration-Responsive Element Binding protein (DREB) and Ethylene-Responsive Factor (ERF) subfamilies. The AP2/EREBP genes play crucial roles in plant growth, development and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Hence, understanding the molecular characteristics of cotton stress tolerance and gene family expansion would undoubtedly facilitate cotton resistance breeding and evolution research.ResultsA total of 269 AP2/EREBP genes were identified in the G. raimondii (D5) cotton genome. The protein domain architecture and intron/exon structure are simple and relatively conserved within each subfamily. They are distributed throughout all chromosomes but are clustered on various chromosomes due to genomic tandem duplication. We identified 73 tandem duplicated genes and 221 segmental duplicated gene pairs which contributed to the expansion of AP2/EREBP superfamily. Of them, tandem duplication was the most important force of the expansion of the B3 group. Transcriptome analysis showed that 504 AP2/EREBP genes were expressed in at least one tested G. hirsutum TM-1 tissues. In G. hirsutum, 151 non-repeated genes of the DREB and ERF subfamily genes were responsive to different stresses: 132 genes were induced by cold, 63 genes by drought and 94 genes by heat. qRT-PCR confirmed that 13 GhDREB and 15 GhERF genes were induced by cold and/or drought. No transcripts detected for 53 of the 111 tandem duplicated genes in TM-1. In addition, some homoeologous genes showed biased expression toward either A-or D-subgenome.ConclusionsThe AP2/EREBP genes were obviously expanded in Gossypium. The GhDREB and GhERF genes play crucial roles in cotton stress responses. Our genome-wide analysis of AP2/EREBP genes in cotton provides valuable information for characterizing the molecular functions of AP2/EREBP genes and reveals insights into their evolution in polyploid plants.

Special trends in CBF and DREB2 groups in Eucalyptus gunnii vs Eucalyptus grandis suggest that CBF are master players in the trade-off between growth and stress resistance.

Annotation of the Eucalyptus grandis genome showed a large amplification of the dehydration-responsive element binding 1/C-repeat binding factor (DREB1/CBF) group without recent DREB2 gene duplication compared with other plant species. The present annotation of the CBF and DREB2 genes from a draft of the Eucalyptus gunnii genome sequence reveals at least one additional CBF copy in the E. gunnii genome compared with E. grandis, suggesting that this group is still evolving, unlike the DREB2 group. This study aims to investigate the redundancy/neo- or sub-functionalization of the duplicates and the relative involvement of the two groups in abiotic stress responses in both E. grandis and E. gunnii (lower growth but higher cold resistance). A comprehensive transcriptional analysis using high-throughput quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed on leaves, stems and roots from the two Eucalyptus species after cold, heat or drought treatment. A large CBF cluster accounted for most of the cold response in all the organs, whereas heat and drought responses mainly involved a small CBF cluster and the DREB2 genes. In addition, CBF putative target genes, known to be involved in plant tolerance and development, were found to be cold-regulated. The higher transcript amounts of both the CBF and target genes in the cold tolerant E. gunnii contrasted with the higher CBF induction rates in the fast growing E. grandis. Altogether, the present results, in agreement with previous data about Eucalyptus transgenic lines over-expressing CBF, suggest that these factors, which promote both stress protection and growth limitation, participate in the trade-off between growth and resistance in this woody species.

Molecular characterisation of a DREB gene from Sophora moorcroftiana, an endemic species of plateau.

Various plant species in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau exposed to harsh conditions, such as low oxygen, drought, extremely low temperatures and salinity, have evolved both molecular and physiological adaptation strategies to deal with these multiple stresses. Sophora moorcroftiana (Benth.) Baker (Fabaceae) is a highly drought-resistant endemic Sophora shrub species in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In our previous study, a drought-induced DREB transcription factor gene was identified and was designated as SmDREB1. SmDREB1-GFP fusion construct was introduced into Arabidopsis protoplast to characterise the function of SmDREB1 in drought resistance. The results showed that SmDREB1 targets the nucleus of Arabidopsis protoplast. Ectopic expression of SmDREB1 in model plant species Arabidopsis was performed. The transgenic lines showed increasing expressions of drought marker genes including AtDHN, AtLEA, AtPIP2 ;2, AtPIP2;3 and AtRD29, increasing activities of antioxidant enzymes and proline contents and increasing light-use efficiency under drought stress as compared with the wild-type plants; SmDREB1 transgenic lines are more resistant to drought than wild-type plants. Therefore, the SmDREB1 is a drought-resistant transcription factor gene of S. moorcroftiana and could be a candidate in genetic engineering to improve drought resistance of plateau plant species.

Comparative Analysis and Insilico Characterization of LEA, DREB and OsDHODH1 Genes Involved in Drought Resistance of Oryza Sativa

Comparative Analysis and Insilico Characterization of LEA, DREB and OsDHODH1 Genes Involved in Drought Resistance of Oryza Sativa

Genetic Augmentation of Sugarcane with Stress-Inducible DREB1A Transcription Factor Using Biolistic Approach

Sugarcane suffers from various abiotic stresses due to periodic weather changes during long cropping cycle in subtropics, leading to reduction in total yield. DREB1A gene encodes a member of the DREB subfamily of ERF/AP2 transcription factor and is induced in response to various abiotic stresses in plants. Overexpression of DREB in cereals has been associated with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance. In order to generate abiotic stress-tolerant sugarcane, we used synthetic DREB gene construct under the control of stress-inducible RD29 promoter and generated transgenic plants. Genetic transformation of 675 calli using particle gene gun followed by selection on paromomycin resulted into recovery of 55 (~9%) putative transgenic calli. Thirty-five plants were regenerated from paromomycin selected calli. PCR analysis of 35 putative transgenic plants with transgene-specific primer pair gave us 6 plants with the RD29A/DREB gene cassette. Six transgenic plants were vegetatively propagated and subjected to abiotic stresses, i.e. drought, salt, 24-h cold and 5D cold. Reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR analysis for DREB transcript from stressed and control transgenic plants showed DREB transcript induction to 6–18-fold in different abiotic stresses, showing stress-inducible nature of the gene cassette.

A rice jacalin-related mannose-binding lectin gene, OsJRL, enhances Escherichia coli viability under high salinity stress and improves salinity tolerance of rice.

Salinity, which is one of the most common abiotic stresses, may severely affect plant productivity and quality. Although plant lectins are thought to play important roles in plant defense signaling during pathogen attack, little is known about the contribution of plant lectins to stress resistance. We cloned and functionally characterized a rice jacalin-related mannose-binding lectin gene, OsJRL, from rice 'Nipponbare'. We analyzed the expression patterns of OsJRL under various stress conditions in rice. Furthermore, we overexpressed OsJRL in Escherichia coli and rice. The cDNA of OsJRL contained a 438bp open reading frame, which encodes a polypeptide of 145 amino acids. OsJRL was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Real time PCR analyses revealed that OsJRL expression showed tissue specificity in rice and was upregulated under diverse stresses, namely salt, drought, cold, heat and abscisic acid treatments. Overexpression of OsJRL in E.coli enhanced cell viability and dramatically improved tolerance of high salinity. Overexpression of OsJRL in rice also enhanced salinity tolerance and increased the expression levels of a number of stress-related genes, including three LEA (late embryogenesis abundant proteins) genes (OsLEA19a, OsLEA23 and OsLEA24), three Na+ transporter genes (OsHKT1;3, OsHKT1;4 and OsHKT1;5) and two DREB genes (OsDREB1A and OsDREB2B). Based on these results, we suggest that OsJRL plays an important role in cell protection and stress signal transduction.

Insight into the AP2/ERF transcription factor superfamily in sesame and expression profiling of DREB subfamily under drought stress

BackgroundSesame is an important oilseed crop mainly grown in inclement areas with high temperatures and frequent drought. Thus, drought constitutes one of the major constraints of its production. The AP2/ERF is a large family of transcription factors known to play significant roles in various plant processes including biotic and abiotic stress responses. Despite their importance, little is known about sesame AP2/ERF genes. This constitutes a limitation for drought-tolerance candidate genes discovery and breeding for tolerance to water deficit.ResultsOne hundred thirty-two AP2/ERF genes were identified in the sesame genome. Based on the number of domains, conserved motifs, genes structure and phylogenetic analysis including 5 relatives species, they were classified into 24 AP2, 41 DREB, 61 ERF, 4 RAV and 2 Soloist. The number of sesame AP2/ERF genes was relatively few compared to that of other relatives, probably due to gene loss in ERF and DREB subfamilies during evolutionary process. In general, the AP2/ERF genes were expressed differently in different tissues but exhibited the highest expression levels in the root. Mostly all DREB genes were responsive to drought stress. Regulation by drought is not specific to one DREB group but depends on the genes and the group A6 and A1 appeared to be more actively expressed to cope with drought.ConclusionsThis study provides insights into the classification, evolution and basic functional analysis of AP2/ERF genes in sesame which revealed their putative involvement in multiple tissue-/developmental stages. Out of 20 genes which were significantly up- /down-regulated under drought stress, the gene AP2si16 may be considered as potential candidate gene for further functional validation as well for utilization in sesame improvement programs for drought stress tolerance.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-016-0859-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The AtDREB1A transcription factor up-regulates expression of a vernalization pathway gene, GmVRN1-like, delaying flowering in soybean

The dehydration-responsive element binding proteins/C-repeat binding factors (i.e., DREBs/CRT) are crucial transcription factors, they can bind the cis-elements containing the A/GCCGAC sequence in the promoter region. Overexpression of DREB genes enhances the resistance to multiple abiotic stresses, but also causes dwarfism and delayed flowering in many plant species. In this study, constitutive overexpression of AtDREB1A in soybean plants caused dwarfism and delayed-flowering phenotypes. The delayed-flowering phenotype was not affected by day length and could not be reversed by exogenous gibberellic acid. The expression levels of flowering-related genes were determined by quantitative real-time RCR. The Glyma11g13220 (designated as GmVRN1-like) expression was strongly induced in transgenic plants. GmVRN1-like was homologous to the Arabidopsis thaliana VRN1 gene (At3g18990). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that AtDREB1A could bind the dehydration-responsive element motif, ACCGAC, in a region −157 to −186 bp upstream of GmVRN1-like. The motif shared 100 % identity with the DRE sequence present in RD29A. Our results imply that the delayed-flowering of AtDREB1A-overexpressing plants might be caused by up-regulating of GmVRN1-like gene.

Novel DREB A-5 subgroup transcription factors from desert moss (Syntrichia caninervis) confers multiple abiotic stress tolerance to yeast

Syntrichia caninervis Mitt. is a typical desiccation tolerant moss from a temperate desert which has been a good resource for stress tolerant gene isolation. Dehydration responsive element binding proteins (DREBs) was proven to play an important role in responding to abiotic stress, which has been identified in many plants, and were rarely reported in moss. In this study, we cloned ten DREB genes from S. caninervis, and investigated their abiotic stress response and stress tolerance. The results showed that ten ScDREB proteins belonged to the A-5 sub-group of the DREB sub-family. Six genes, ScDREB1, ScDREB2, ScDREB4, ScDREB6, ScDREB7, and ScDREB8 were involved in the ABA-dependent signal pathway and the desiccation, salt, and cold stress response. ScDREB3 also responded to desiccation, salt, and cold stresses, but was insensitive to ABA treatment. Another gene, ScDREB5, was involved in an ABA-independent cold stress-responsive signal pathway. Two genes, ScDREB9 and ScDREB10, responded slightly or had no response to neither stress factor or ABA treatment. We transformed four typical genes into yeast cells and the stress tolerance ability of transgenic yeast was evaluated. The results showed that ScDREB3 and ScDREB5 enhanced the yeast's cold and salt tolerance. ScDREB8 and ScDREB10 conferred the osmotic, salt, cold, and high temperature stresses tolerance, especially for osmotic and salt stresses. Our results indicated that A-5 sub-group DREB genes in S. caninervis played important roles in abiotic stresses response and enhanced stress tolerance to transgenic yeast. To our knowledge, this is the first report on DREB genes characterization from desiccation tolerant moss, and this study will not only provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of S. caninervis adaptation to environmental stresses, but also provides valuable gene candidates for plant molecular breeding.

Genome-wide dissection of AP2/ERF and HSP90 gene families in five legumes and expression profiles in chickpea and pigeonpea.

SummaryAPETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) and heat‐shock protein 90 (HSP90) are two significant classes of transcription factor and molecular chaperone proteins which are known to be implicated under abiotic and biotic stresses. Comprehensive survey identified a total of 147 AP2/ERF genes in chickpea, 176 in pigeonpea, 131 in Medicago, 179 in common bean and 140 in Lotus, whereas the number of HSP90 genes ranged from 5 to 7 in five legumes. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses distinguished AP2, ERF, DREB, RAV and soloist proteins, while HSP90 proteins segregated on the basis of their cellular localization. Deeper insights into the gene structure allowed ERF proteins to be classified into AP2s based on DNA‐binding domains, intron arrangements and phylogenetic grouping. RNA‐seq and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) analyses in heat‐stressed chickpea as well as Fusarium wilt (FW)‐ and sterility mosaic disease (SMD)‐stressed pigeonpea provided insights into the modus operandi of AP2/ERF and HSP90 genes. This study identified potential candidate genes in response to heat stress in chickpea while for FW and SMD stresses in pigeonpea. For instance, two DREB genes (Ca_02170 and Ca_16631) and three HSP90 genes (Ca_23016, Ca_09743 and Ca_25602) in chickpea can be targeted as potential candidate genes. Similarly, in pigeonpea, a HSP90 gene, C.cajan_27949, was highly responsive to SMD in the resistant genotype ICPL 20096, can be recommended for further functional validation. Also, two DREB genes, C.cajan_41905 and C.cajan_41951, were identified as leads for further investigation in response to FW stress in pigeonpea.

Overexpression of Citrus grandis DREB gene in tomato affects fruit size and accumulation of primary metabolites

Citrus is a perennial woody crop of global economic importance. However, the regulatory mechanism of fruit ripening in citrus remains poorly understood. To explore the regulatory roles of transcription factors in fruit ripening, CgDREB (dehydration responsive element binding) gene was characterized and was functionally overexpressed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, cv. Ailsa Craig), resulting in smaller fruit size. Therefore, two independent lines with the highest expression of CgDREB were selected to study the metabolite profile in the flesh and peel of tomato fruits during ripening using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The results revealed that the levels of organic acids and sugars generally increased in both the flesh and peel of tomato. In addition, a significant increase of ethylene production was observed at the breaker stage, indicating a strong correlation between fruit ripening and ethylene release. Taken together, our results provide insights into the important role of CgDREB gene in regulating fruit ripening properties.

Genome-Wide Analysis of the AP2/ERF Transcription Factors Family and the Expression Patterns of DREB Genes in Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis).

The AP2/ERF transcription factor family, one of the largest families unique to plants, performs a significant role in terms of regulation of growth and development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is a fast-growing non-timber forest species with the highest ecological, economic and social values of all bamboos in Asia. The draft genome of moso bamboo and the available genomes of other plants provide great opportunities to research global information on the AP2/ERF family in moso bamboo. In total, 116 AP2/ERF transcription factors were identified in moso bamboo. The phylogeny analyses indicated that the 116 AP2/ERF genes could be divided into three subfamilies: AP2, RAV and ERF; and the ERF subfamily genes were divided into 11 groups. The gene structures, exons/introns and conserved motifs of the PeAP2/ERF genes were analyzed. Analysis of the evolutionary patterns and divergence showed the PeAP2/ERF genes underwent a large-scale event around 15 million years ago (MYA) and the division time of AP2/ERF family genes between rice and moso bamboo was 15–23 MYA. We surveyed the putative promoter regions of the PeDREBs and showed that largely stress-related cis-elements existed in these genes. Further analysis of expression patterns of PeDREBs revealed that the most were strongly induced by drought, low-temperature and/or high salinity stresses in roots and, in contrast, most PeDREB genes had negative functions in leaves under the same respective stresses. In this study there were two main interesting points: there were fewer members of the PeDREB subfamily in moso bamboo than in other plants and there were differences in DREB gene expression profiles between leaves and roots triggered in response to abiotic stress. The information produced from this study may be valuable in overcoming challenges in cultivating moso bamboo.

Genome-wide analysis of the AP2/ERF family in Eucalyptus grandis: an intriguing over-representation of stress-responsive DREB1/CBF genes.

BackgroundThe AP2/ERF family includes a large number of developmentally and physiologically important transcription factors sharing an AP2 DNA-binding domain. Among them DREB1/CBF and DREB2 factors are known as master regulators respectively of cold and heat/osmotic stress responses.Experimental ApproachesThe manual annotation of AP2/ERF family from Eucalyptus grandis, Malus, Populus and Vitis genomes allowed a complete phylogenetic study for comparing the structure of this family in woody species and the model Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression profiles of the whole groups of EgrDREB1 and EgrDREB2 were investigated through RNAseq database survey and RT-qPCR analyses.ResultsThe structure and the size of the AP2/ERF family show a global conservation for the plant species under comparison. In addition to an expansion of the ERF subfamily, the tree genomes mainly differ with respect to the group representation within the subfamilies. With regard to the E. grandis DREB subfamily, an obvious feature is the presence of 17 DREB1/CBF genes, the maximum reported to date for dicotyledons. In contrast, only six DREB2 have been identified, which is similar to the other plants species under study, except for Malus. All the DREB1/CBF and DREB2 genes from E. grandis are expressed in at least one condition and all are heat-responsive. Regulation by cold and drought depends on the genes but is not specific of one group; DREB1/CBF group is more cold-inducible than DREB2 which is mainly drought responsive.ConclusionThese features suggest that the dramatic expansion of the DREB1/CBF group might be related to the adaptation of this evergreen tree to climate changes when it expanded in Australia.

Modulation of the transcriptional activity of the AP2/ERF family (DREB genes) in orange ( Citrus sinensis ) leaves subjected to drought stress

Ethylene response factor (ERF) play important role in the development and expression of genes that regulate plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, six Citrus sinensis genes belonging to AP2/ERF family, dehydration-responsive element-binding protein (DREB) genes, (CitsERF01 to CitsERF06) were identified and five of them had their expression pattern evaluated in leaves of 18 month-seedling orange (C. sinensis) subjected to increasing intervals of drought stress. Two gene transcription patterns were identified. In the first pattern, transcription of CitsERF01 and CitsERF03 genes was delayed for many days and did not occur until the 12th day. In the second pattern, transcription of CitsERF04, CitsERF05 and CitsERF06 was immediate, and their relative value increased steadily, also reaching its peak at the 12th day. However, in both cases, transcription of CitsERF genes was down regulated with water recovery. These patterns suggest that CitsERFs genes may be involved in regulation mechanisms of drought response of C. sinensis and are controlled by factors acting in cascade. The data from this study will help understand the genetic mechanisms of drought tolerance, which could contribute to breeding programs of orange. Key words: Gene expression, transcript factor; dehydration-responsive element-binding protein genes, semi-quantitative analysis RT-PCR.

A study on the regulatory network with promoter analysis for Arabidopsis DREB-genes.

Dehydration response element binding factors (DREBs) are one of the principal plant transcription factor subfamilies that regulate the expression of many abiotic stress-inducible genes. This sub-family belongs to AP2 transcription factor family and plays a considerable role in improving abiotic stresses tolerance in plants. Therefore, it is of interest to identify critical cis-acting elements involved in abiotic stress responses. In this study, we survey promoter cis-elements for ATDREBs genes (Arabidopsis thaliana DREBs). Regulatory networks based on ATDREB candidate genes were also generated to find other genes that are functionally similar to DREBs. The study was conducted on all 20 Arabidopsis thaliana non redundant DREB genes stored in RefSeq database. Promoter analysis and regulatory network prediction was accomplished by use of Plant CARE program and GeneMANIA web tool, respectively. The results indicated that among all genes, DREB1A, DREB1C, DREB2C, DREB2G and DEAR3 have the most type of diverse motifs involved in abiotic stress responses. It is implied that co-operation of abscisic acid, ethylene, salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate signaling is crucial for the regulation of the expression of drought and cold responses through DREB transcription factors. Gene network analysis showed different co-expressed but functionally similar genes that had physical and functional interactions with candidate DREB genes.

DNA Barcoding for Wild Rice [<i>Oryza rufipogon</i> Griff.] of NBU Campus Based on matK gene and Assessment of Genetic Variation Using DREB and BAD2 Gene Sequences

DNA barcoding is a technique for characterizing species based on short DNA sequence of a particular genomic region. The chloroplast maturase gene K (matK) sequence of 1420 bp was used to construct unique DNA barcode for wild rice [ Oryza rufipogon Grirr.] of NBU campus using BOLD system. The partial matK gene sequence (1420 bp) was annotated and submitted into the GenBank of NCBI (Accession no. KM516199). Gene sequences of DREB transcription factor and BAD2 were analyzed to assess the genetic variation between O. rufipogon (NBU) and other species of rice. The DREB gene is responsible for abiotic stress tolerance whereas BAD2 is a gene for fragrant formation in rice. A thick and discrete band of 916 bp was detected on 1% agarose gel in the DREB lane which proved that wild taxon may provide abiotic stress tolerance. The DNA sequence of 916 bp of DREB gene of O. rufipogon of NBU campus was run in BLAST program of www.gramene.org database, it was matched with DREB gene sequence of wild rice O. rufipogon in the database and aligned in chromosome 1, 4 and 9. Both the DREB and BAD2 gene sequences were run in MEGA6 software for study of genetic relationship among the rice species. Phylogram constructed from this analysis showed close clustering association with other wild rice species. The species O. rufipogon of NBU campus was non-fragrant homozygous because it was given PCR product of 357 bp while used four primers in allele specific gene amplification method.

NGHIÊN CỨU MỘT SỐ CHỈ TIÊU SINH LÍ CỦA MỘT SỐ GIỐNG LẠC (Arachis hypogaea. L) TRỒNG TẠI THANH HÓA

NGHIÊN CỨU MỘT SỐ CHỈ TIÊU SINH LÍ CỦA MỘT SỐ GIỐNG LẠC (Arachis hypogaea. L) TRỒNG TẠI THANH HÓA

XÁC ĐỊNH VÀ PHÂN TÍCH IN SILICO CÁC GEN DREB2 Ở CÂY QUÝT (Citrus clementina)

XÁC ĐỊNH VÀ PHÂN TÍCH IN SILICO CÁC GEN DREB2 Ở CÂY QUÝT (Citrus clementina)