Download Bandwidth Research Articles

Classification of Simulated Fake Bandwidth Data Using LSTM

Hardly will someone acknowledge that the bandwidth we use every day is as authentic as most ISPs advertise, even those offering dedicated services. There are usually shortcomings, especially on upload and download bandwidth speeds. This paper presents the classification of simulated fake bandwidth data using the Long Short-Term Memory model, which though seldom found, is a very effective approach in network analysis. There were 1400 bandwidth data points collected from the MikroTik RB 1100 AHx device in a month, then further processed with normalization, and divided to have 80% training and 20% testing. The LSTM model applied had an accuracy rate of 98.93%, proving that it is capable of classifying either genuine or fake bandwidth instances accordingly. Of 1,400 test data points, the model managed to classify 723 as fake bandwidth and another 677 as genuine, resulting in a classification error rate of only 1.07%. The results clearly prove that LSTM has huge potential for real-time bandwidth manipulation detection, key to enhancing trust and efficiency in network management. In this respect, this research shows that bandwidth analysis combined with LSTM can be an original solution for network monitoring

User And Bandwidth Management Using Mikrotik Hotspot At State Vocational School 5 Waingapu

The use of the internet in schools is very helpful for teachers, staff and students, the internet is an important need for most adult people, they even regard the internet as a basic daily need that must be met, such as at SMK Negeri 5 Waingapu. The use of the internet in schools is very helpful for teachers, staff and students. State Vocational High School 5 Waingapu uses an internet service provider (ISP) sourced from KOMINFO Bakti as internet access with a total bandwidth of 2 Mbps with an average user of 15 clients. The distance to access the internet network on WIFi is 20 meters, but there is still no good management of network usage so that when accessing the internet, many users (clients) often experience interference. One form of utilizing wireless technology is a hotspot. The development method used in this research is to develop a hotspot network at SMK Negeri 5 Waingapu using the Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC) model which is used as the overall development method in developing or designing computer network systems. By implementing bandwidth management using a hotspot router proxy at SMK Negeri 5 Waingapu and testing it using a speedtest before implementation, namely a download speed of 4.55 and an upload speed of 1.09. And after the implementation of bandwidth management for teacher user hotspots, namely for download bandwidth of 0.95 Mbps and upload bandwidth of 0.21 Mbps, then for hotspot user principals download bandwidth is 0.94 Mbps and upload bandwidth is 0.94 Mbps and hotspot user download bandwidth for students is 0.73 Mbps and upload of 0.94 Mbps.

4G LTE Network Quality and TCP/IP Performance of Telkomsel Provider in the Lolong Belanti Area

Lolong Belanti is one of the sub-districts in North Padang District, Padang City, West Sumatra Province. In Lolong Belanti cellular telecommunications is growing very rapidly and has become an important need for the community. Therefore, research needs to be done so that it can be a reference for providers to improve the quality and quantity of 4G LTE networks in Lolong Belanti. The measurement results on weekdays obtained the percentage of good to excellent 4G network categories have a percentage value of RSRP 99.04%, SINR 12.14% and Throughput 98.51% and the average value of download bandwidth 28.26 Mbps, upload bandwidth 23.92 Mbps, throughput 1,282,003 kbps, packet loss 0.103%, delay 5.92 ms and jitter 5.97%. While on holidays, the percentage of 4G network categories is good to very good having a percentage value of 97.91% RSRP, 12.28 SINR and 98.51% Throughput and has an average value of 13.68 Mbps download bandwidth, 17.94 Mbps upload bandwidth, 647.688 kbps Throughput, 0.26% packet loss, 17.428 ms dellay and 17.566 ms jitter. The quality of Telkomsel's 4G LTE network provider in Lolong Belanti Village on holidays is better than on weekdays. And the comparison of TCP/IP performance for Bandwidth Download, Bandwidth Upload, Throughput and Packet Loss is superior on weekdays compared to holidays, and for Delay and Jitter is better on holidays than on weekdays.

The correlation between broadband prices and the digital divide: A survey of Taiwan’s north coast

This study highlights the importance of differentiating between urban and rural areas when exploring broadband issues that matter to consumers and statistically sampling accordingly. To test the effectiveness of rural broadband programmes in improving internet usage, this study is based on a selection of five geographically adjacent administrative districts with varying population densities.During a survey using the double-bounded dichotomous choice model to measure people’s WTP, two research hypotheses were tested and verified through regression analysis. The results showed that consumers living in rural areas are significantly less willing to pay for broadband than those living in urban areas, which contradicts the findings of the study by Worden and Hambly (2022) conducted in Canada.Additionally, the significant t value test results found in this study showed that consumers are willing to pay more for download bandwidth than for upload bandwidth for every dollar spent. This result indicates that consumers have a clear preference for one over the other and highlights significant differences in their choices.In particular, the results of the willingness-to-pay survey revealed that the incumbent operator yield opposite results in the regression coefficients for their willingness to pay for each unit of download bandwidth and upload bandwidth. This result may be due to differences in the design of internet products offered by the two operators.Given the inevitable reality that income generated by service operators in rural areas is lower than that in urban areas, there is a need to study price differentials between urban and rural areas in order to promote greater use of broadband internet in rural areas in the context of the adoption of a single price throughout the region.

A cloud-based consultation and collaboration system for radiotherapy: Remote decision support services for community radiotherapy centers

PurposeThis study aimed to establish a cloud-based radiotherapy consultation and collaboration system, then investigated the practicability of remote decision support for community radiotherapy centers using the system. Methods and MaterialsA cloud-based consultation and collaboration system for radiotherapy, OncoEvidance®, was developed to provide remote services of LINAC modeling, simulation CT data import/export, target volume and organ-at-risk delineation, prescription, and treatment planning. The system was deployed on a hybrid cloud. A federate of public nodes, each corresponding to a medical institution, are managed by a central node where a group of consultants have registered. Users can access the system through network using computing devices. The system has been tested at three community radiotherapy centers. One accelerator was modeled. 12 consultants participated the remote radiotherapy decision support and 77 radiation treatment plans had been evaluated remotely. ResultsAll the passing rates of per-beam dose verification are > 94% and all the passing rates of composite beam dose verification are > 99%. The average downloading time for one set of simulation CT data for one patient from Internet was within 1 min under the cloud download bandwidth of 8 Mbps and local network bandwidth of 100 Mbps. The average response time for one consultant to contour target volumes and make prescription was about 24 h. And that for one consultant to design and optimize a IMRT treatment plan was about 36 h. 100% of the remote plans passed the dosimetric criteria and could be imported into the local TPS for further verification. ConclusionThe cloud-based consultation and collaboration system saved the travel time for consultants and provided high quality radiotherapy to patients in community centers. The under-staffed community radiotherapy centers could benefit from the remote system with lower cost and better treatment quality control.

Non-Interactive Decision Trees and Applications with Multi-Bit TFHE

Machine learning classification algorithms, such as decision trees and random forests, are commonly used in many applications. Clients who want to classify their data send them to a server that performs their inference using a trained model. The client must trust the server and provide the data in plaintext. Moreover, if the classification is done at a third-party cloud service, the model owner also needs to trust the cloud service. In this paper, we propose a protocol for privately evaluating decision trees. The protocol uses a novel private comparison function based on fully homomorphic encryption over the torus (TFHE) scheme and a programmable bootstrapping technique. Our comparison function for 32-bit and 64-bit integers is 26% faster than the naive TFHE implementation. The protocol is designed to be non-interactive and is less complex than the existing interactive protocols. Our experiment results show that our technique scales linearly with the depth of the decision tree and efficiently evaluates large decision trees on real datasets. Compared with the state of the art, ours is the only non-interactive protocol to evaluate a decision tree with high precision on encrypted parameters. The final download bandwidth is also 50% lower than the state of the art.

Manajemen Bandwidth dalam Mengoptimalkan Penggunaan Router Mikrotik terhadap Pelayanan Koneksi Jaringan

The internet with unlimited reach can connect all computers in a connection that makes it easier for users to get information, communicate and establish partnerships. The need for technology is very important to support all existing activities, such as the process of teaching and learning activities, data processing and transactions, administrative needs, exchanging information even in terms of social needs and so on. The problem that often occurs when using the internet is that bandwidth management on the internet is irregular and even wasted, it will even make internet network users experience bandwidth struggles, delays, and lagging. There is a need for bandwidth usage management so that unwanted things don't happen. The purpose of this research will be to apply a Queue Tree method to control clients in providing internet services so that they remain stable and efficient to get test results with QoS (Quality Of Service) parameters in optimizing router use. proxy for network connection services. Where the results obtained from 5 clients and 10 clients by limiting upload and download bandwidth of 50 Mbps on Throughput are 32.08 (%) medium category. The 0.0024 (ms) delay category is very good. Packet Loss 7.4 (%) good category. Jitter of 0.0024 (ms) is very good. And the total result of 10 Client Throughput 17.23 (%) is bad. The delay is 0.0044 (ms) which is great. Packet Loss 4.2 (%) good category. Jitter 0.0044 (ms) is very good by using bandwidth management can optimize internet usage well.

An Analysis of Several Keyword-Based Search Methods for Encrypted Data

Cloud computing provides several attractive benefits for users like on-demand computing, pay as per use. It brings great convenience to consumers; where shared resources, data and information are provided to computers on-demand and consumer has to pay as per use. Ideally for these services, consumers should be in a position to verify the charges billed to them. Cloud computing and storage solutions provide users and enterprises with various capabilities to store and process their data. But on other hand consumers are facing serious difficulties that how to search the most suitable services from cloud. It is desirable to store data on data storage servers such as mail servers and file servers in encrypted form to reduce security and privacy risks. Encryption is the process of encoding messages or information in such a way that only authorized parties can read it. Multiple encryption techniques are invented to encrypt the data. That way encrypted search has become an important problem in security. This is due to a combination of three things: (1) search is now the primary way we access our data; (2) we are outsourcing more and more of our data to third parties; and (3) we trust these third parties less and less. Because of this, the problem of encrypted search is now of interest to many sub-fields in computer science (e.g., databases, security, cryptography, privacy). Some existing methods are more practical than others, some are more secure than others and some are more functional or flexible. These schemes do not support verifiability of search result. To save computation cost or download bandwidth it is viewed as, selfish cloud server only conducts a fraction of search operation or semi-honest-but-curious server return a part of result. To tackle such challenges, multiple search scheme are invented.

Analisis Rekomendasi Penggunaan Provider Telekomunikasi Seluler Berdasarkan Pengukuran Bandwdith pada Masa Pandemi

This study aims to provide recommendations for the use of cellular telecommunications providers for use in online learning during a pandemic. This study used an experimental study in which the researcher collected data manually by comparing the download and upload bandwidth usage of each available cellular telecommunications provider in the Mamuju district. This research was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic to impact the teaching and learning process, which must do online or remotely, which certainly requires good internet connectivity. This research uses quantitative methods and comparative analysis by collecting data download bandwidth and upload bandwidth using NetLimiter from three cellular telecommunications providers, namely Telkomsel, XL, and Indosat in Mamuju district. Then the data is processed by calculating the bandwidth. The results of data analysis obtained are Telkomsel with a download bandwidth of 0.0136 MBps, upload 0.0147 MBps, XL download bandwidth 0.0116 MBps, upload 0.0129 MBps, Indosat download bandwidth 0.0066 MBps, upload 0.0162 MBps. The results of this study show that among the three providers, Telkomsel is superior in the use of download bandwidth with a size of 0.0136 MBps. In contrast, for upload bandwidth usage, it is recommended to use Indosat with a size of 0.0162 MBps. Still, an overall analysis of the provider, Telkomsel is a recommended provider for using video conferencing applications due to gaps Between the download bandwidth usage with a size of 0.0136 MBps and upload with a size of 0.0147 MBps is not too significant and more stable than other providers. Suggestions for further research are re-measurement by looking at the distribution factor or the number of BTS in the area

Region of interest–based segmented tiled adaptive streaming using head-mounted display tracking sensing data

To support 360 virtual reality video streaming services, high resolutions of over 8K and network streaming technology that guarantees consistent quality of service are required. To this end, we propose 360 virtual reality video player technology and a streaming protocol based on MPEG Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP Spatial Representation Description to support the player. The player renders the downsized video as the base layer, which has a quarter of the resolution of the original video, and high-quality video tiles consisting of tiles obtained from the tiled-encoded high-quality video (over 16K resolution) as the enhanced layer. Furthermore, we implemented the system and conducted experiments to measure the network bandwidth for 16K video streaming and switching latency arising from changes in the viewport. From the results, we confirmed that the player has a switching latency of less than 1000 ms and a maximum network download bandwidth requirement of 100 Mbps.

Dynamic Big-Data Broadcast in Fat-Tree Data Center Networks With Mobile IoT Devices

In this paper, we study the problem of throughput and delay-optimal dynamic big-data broadcast in fat-tree data center networks (DCNs) in the presence of mobile Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, where one of the IoT devices acts as a source node. In existing literature, researchers studied that a balanced traffic distribution in DCNs is a NP-hard problem. With the integration of heterogeneous IoT devices in DCNs, the difficulty in achieving a balanced traffic distribution increases significantly. Hence, there is a need to design a throughput and delay-optimal big-data broadcast scheme in DCNs in the presence of IoT devices. In this paper, we propose a dynamic big-data broadcasting scheme, named D2B, using a single-leader-multiple-follower Stackelberg game for solving the aforementioned problem. Here, each switch acts as the leader, and the IoT devices act as the followers. We consider that the source node broadcasts the generated data in real time. We represent bandwidth distribution as a pseudo-Cournot competition, where each follower decides the optimal downloading bandwidth. The existence of the generalized Nash–Stackelberg equilibrium for D2B is evaluated theoretically. We observed that using D2B, the network throughput increases by <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{55.32}\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> , while ensuring at least <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{33}\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> increase in the average bandwidth allocation per IoT device, and the overall delay in broadcasting is reduced.

Implementation of Bandwidth Management in Cafe Billing Systems Using QR Code Authentication

Seeing the high demand for internet, this research will design an implementation of bandwidth management using a user manager, which will be applied to the billing system in public places with internet services. This aims to regulate the bandwidth or internet bandwidth that will be used by each customer in accordance with the total payment. This implementation utilizes a QR Code which will be used as authentication. This QR Code will be printed on the customer's payment receipt / receipt and will be scanned through the application installed on the android mobile phone. The application will be connected to a server which will later connect the customer's smartphone to connect to the internet service. After making the application, it is tested to check the accuracy of the bandwidth received by the customer. From the bandwidth accuracy testing, the results show that the delivery of bandwidth to the customer has an error with an average error in the download bandwidth of 6.5% and the upload bandwidth of 17%. The occurrence of this error is due to the ping and jitter values ??during data transmission, with an average ping of 78.7 ms and a jitter of 82.7 ms. Whereas in reading the QR Code, it was found that when using a camera with a 5MP resolution the QR Code can be read up to a distance of 90 cm and when using a camera with a resolution of 20.7MP, the QR Code can be read up to a distance of 110 cm.

On the Effectiveness of Offset Projections for 360-Degree Video Streaming

A new generation of video streaming technology, 360-degree video, promises greater immersiveness than standard video streams. This level of immersiveness is similar to that produced by virtual reality devices—users can control the field of view using head movements rather than needing to manipulate external devices. Although 360-degree video could revolutionize the streaming experience, its large-scale adoption is hindered by a number of factors: 360-degree video streams have larger bandwidth requirements and require faster responsiveness to user inputs, and users may be more sensitive to lower quality streams. In this article, we review standard approaches toward 360-degree video encoding and compare these to families of approaches that distort the spherical surface to allow oriented concentrations of the 360-degree view. We refer to these distorted projections as offset projections. Our measurement studies show that most types of offset projections produce rendered views with better quality than their nonoffset equivalents when view orientations are within 40 or 50 degrees of the offset orientation. Offset projections complicate adaptive 360-degree video streaming because they require a combination of bitrate and view orientation adaptations. We estimate that this combination of streaming adaptation in two dimensions can cause over 57% extra segments to be downloaded compared to an ideal downloading strategy, wasting 20% of the total downloading bandwidth.

Analysis of YouTube’s traffic adaptation to dynamic environments

The popular Internet service, YouTube, has adopted by default the HyperText Markup Language version 5 (HTML5). With this adoption, YouTube has moved to Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) as Adaptive BitRate (ABR) video streaming technology. Furthermore, rate adaptation in DASH is solely receiver-driven. This issue motivates this work to make a deep analysis of YouTube’s particular DASH implementation. Firstly, this article provides a state of the art about DASH and adaptive streaming technology, and also YouTube traffic characterization related work. Secondly, this paper describes a new methodology and test-bed for YouTube’s DASH implementation traffic characterization and performance measurement. This methodology and test-bed do not make use of proxies and, moreover, they are able to cope with YouTube traffic redirections. Finally, a set of experimental results are provided, involving a dataset of 310 YouTube’s videos. The depicted results show a YouTube’s traffic pattern characterization and a discussion about allowed download bandwidth, YouTube’s consumed bitrate and quality of the video. Moreover, the obtained results are cross-validated with the analysis of HTTP requests performed by YouTube’s video player. The outcomes of this article are applicable in the field of Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) management. This is valuable information for Internet Service Providers (ISPs), because QoS management based on assured download bandwidth can be used in order to provide a target end-user’s QoE when YouTube service is being consumed.

MEvoLib v1.0: the first molecular evolution library for Python

BackgroundMolecular evolution studies involve many different hard computational problems solved, in most cases, with heuristic algorithms that provide a nearly optimal solution. Hence, diverse software tools exist for the different stages involved in a molecular evolution workflow.ResultsWe present MEvoLib, the first molecular evolution library for Python, providing a framework to work with different tools and methods involved in the common tasks of molecular evolution workflows. In contrast with already existing bioinformatics libraries, MEvoLib is focused on the stages involved in molecular evolution studies, enclosing the set of tools with a common purpose in a single high-level interface with fast access to their frequent parameterizations. The gene clustering from partial or complete sequences has been improved with a new method that integrates accessible external information (e.g. GenBank’s features data). Moreover, MEvoLib adjusts the fetching process from NCBI databases to optimize the download bandwidth usage. In addition, it has been implemented using parallelization techniques to cope with even large-case scenarios.ConclusionsMEvoLib is the first library for Python designed to facilitate molecular evolution researches both for expert and novel users. Its unique interface for each common task comprises several tools with their most used parameterizations. It has also included a method to take advantage of biological knowledge to improve the gene partition of sequence datasets. Additionally, its implementation incorporates parallelization techniques to enhance computational costs when handling very large input datasets.

Smart cloud search services: verifiable keyword-based semantic search over encrypted cloud data

With the increasing popularity of the pay-as-you- consume cloud computing paradigm, a large number of cloud services are pushed to consumers. One hand, it brings great convenience to consumers who use intelligent terminals; on the other hand, consumers are also facing serious difficulties that how to search the most suitable services or products from cloud. So how to enable a smart cloud search scheme is a critical problem in the consumer-centric cloud computing paradigm. For protecting data privacy, sensitive data are always encrypted before being outsourced. Although the existing searchable encryption schemes enable users to search over encrypted data, these schemes support only exact keyword search, which greatly affects data usability. Moreover, these schemes do not support verifiability of search result. In order to save computation cost or download bandwidth, cloud server only conducts a fraction of search operation or return a part of result, which is viewed as selfish and semi-honest-but-curious. So, how to enhance flexibility of encrypted cloud data while supporting verifiability of search result is a big challenge. To tackle the challenge, a smart semantic search scheme is proposed in this paper, which returns not only the result of keyword-based exact match, but also the result of keyword-based semantic match. At the same time, the proposed scheme supports the verifiability of search result. The rigorous security analysis and performance analysis show that the proposed scheme is secure under the proposed model and effectively achieves the goal of keyword-based semantic search.

Large-scale immersive video conferencing by altering video quality and distribution based on the virtual context

Current video conferencing applications do not scale to support a large number of participants. This article describes an IVC system that combines the best attributes of video conferencing and multi-user virtual environments. It is shown that each participant of IVC has a virtual context that is defined by his/her perspective and perception about the quality and relevance of video and audio of others. The virtual context determines both the visibility status and the required quality of videos of participants. This information can be used to dynamically alter the multicast trees that are formed among clients for the purpose of multimedia dissemination so that only the relevant videos are transmitted to end users. In addition, it is possible to reduce the video quality of a given user in response to the virtual context without the degradation having any perceptual impact. The combination of these factors reduces the required upload and download bandwidth of clients by more than 90 percent on average, making IVC highly scalable to support very large gatherings.

The behavior of epidemics under bounded susceptibility

We investigate the sensitivity of epidemic behavior to a bounded susceptibility constraint -- susceptible nodes are infected by their neighbors via the regular SI/SIS dynamics, but subject to a cap on the infection rate . Such a constraint is motivated by modern social networks, wherein messages are broadcast to all neighbors, but attention spans are limited. Bounded susceptibility also arises in distributed computing applications with download bandwidth constraints, and in human epidemics under quarantine policies. Network epidemics have been extensively studied in literature; prior work characterizes the graph structures required to ensure fast spreading under the SI dynamics, and long lifetime under the SIS dynamics. In particular, these conditions turn out to be meaningful for two classes of networks of practical relevance -- dense, uniform (i.e., clique-like ) graphs, and sparse, structured (i.e., star-like ) graphs. We show that bounded susceptibility has a surprising impact on epidemic behavior in these graph families. For the SI dynamics, bounded susceptibility has no effect on star-like networks, but dramatically alters the spreading time in clique-like networks. In contrast, for the SIS dynamics, clique-like networks are unaffected, but star-like networks exhibit a sharp change in extinction times under bounded susceptibility. Our findings are useful for the design of disease-resistant networks and infrastructure networks. More generally, they show that results for existing epidemic models are sensitive to modeling assumptions in non-intuitive ways, and suggest caution in directly using these as guidelines for real systems.

IMPLEMENTASI METODE QUEUE TREE UNTUK MANAJEMEN BANDWIDTH BERBASIS HOTSPOT (STUDI KASUS: ONESNET BEKASI)

It is time for the application of Bandwidth Management to be carried out on an internet network that is experiencing a growing number of users and the required bandwidth. This study aims to implement bandwidth management in Onesnet Bekasi with the provisions of the distribution of bandwidth per user with a predetermined bandwidth limit according to the needs of Onesnet clients. Uneven bandwidth allocation and the available bandwidth is very limited, causing tug of war between Internet users on the same network so that the network lags. This research uses the Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC) method, to overcome the problem of bandwidth sharing, the Queue tree method is used. The result of this research is Onesnet Bekasi users get an upload and download bandwidth limit of 4 Mbps according to the comparison through Wireshark software. Then the results of the Quality Of Service (QOS) parameter testing were obtained with a throughput of 65.0997 b/s, a delay of 0.07, a packet loss of 0%, and jitter of 5 ms. Keywords : Manajemen Bandwidth; Quality Of Service; Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC); Throughput; Delay

Fair Bandwidth Sharing Scheme Based on Upload Traffic Control

The current paper presents the evaluation of new fair downstream bandwidth sharing strategy and effective shared link utilization for TCP/IP networks. The proposed method provides download bandwidth fair sharing among multiple data flows based on their upload per-flow rate limitation. We evaluate the current approach by controlling upload rate to obtain fair download bandwidth sharing for each of the flows in the link. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on physical test network. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach can successfully provide fair bandwidth distribution among multiple data flows and can be promising method for bandwidth management in the real data networks. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.20.1.6172