Double Domain Research Articles

Magnetic field assisted stabilization of circular double wall domain lattice in oxidized Fe3GeTe2 flakes

The family of 2D ferromagnets is in the center of research for novel spintronics applications. Among the various 2D ferromagnets, Fe3GeTe2 has drawn significant attention since it combines a high Curie temperature with a van der Waals structure, which allows easy exfoliation, and a high spin polarization/large spin–orbit coupling. The presence of interfacial DMI in 2D ferromagnets have a significant impact on the behavior of magnetic domain walls, which are fundamental in magnetic memory and logic devices. By controlling the interfacial DMI, it is possible to manipulate the motion of domain walls and the magnetic domain configuration, which is essential for the development of efficient and reliable magnetic devices. In this study, we investigate the effect of an, inversion symmetry breaking, oxidized layer on the magnetic domain structure of Fe3GeTe2 flakes due to the emergence of interfacial DMI. By combining magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy images and micromagnetic simulations, we study the formation of a circular double wall (CDW) domain lattice in oxidized flakes under specific field cooling and magnetic field sweeping protocols. Their formation is attributed to a competition between the exchange interaction both symmetric and antisymmetric (associated to interfacial DMI), magnetocrystalline anisotropy and the external magnetic field. The CDW domains have a diameter of several microns, a magnetic structure resembling that of a skyrmionium and are arranged in regular lattice that survives thermal fluctuations close to T c. Our results suggest that these CDW domains transition to Néel type skyrmions after a magnetic field threshold. These findings could have important implications for the design and optimization of 2D ferromagnetic materials for spintronic applications.

Innovating fire safety with recombinant hydrophobic proteins for textile fire retardancy.

Fire retardancy for textiles is important to prevent the rapid spread of fire and minimize damage to property and harm to human life. To infer fire-resistance on textile materials such as cotton or nylon, chemical coatings are often used. These chemicals are usually toxic, and economically and environmentally unsustainable, however, some naturally produced protein-based fire retardants could be an alternative. A biofilm protein from Bacillus subtilis (BslA) was identified and recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli with a double cellulose binding domain. It was then applied to a range of natural and synthetic fabric materials. A flame retardancy test found that use of BslA reduced fire damage by up to 51% and would pass fire retardancy testing according to British standards. It is therefore a viable and sustainable alternative to current industrial fire-retardant coatings.

Degeneration of the spectral gap with negative Robin parameter

AbstractThe spectral gap of the Neumann and Dirichlet Laplacians are each known to have a sharp positive lower bound among convex domains of a given diameter. Between these cases, for each positive value of the Robin parameter, an analogous sharp lower bound on the spectral gap is conjectured. In this paper, we show that the extension of this conjecture to negative Robin parameters fails by proving that the spectral gap of double cone domains are exponentially small, for each fixed parameter value.

Genome-wide analysis and expression profiling of glyoxalase gene families in oat (Avena sativa) indicate their responses to abiotic stress during seed germination.

Abiotic stresses have deleterious effects on seed germination and seedling establishment, leading to significant crop yield losses. Adverse environmental conditions can cause the accumulation of methylglyoxal (MG) within plant cells, which can negatively impact plant growth and development. The glyoxalase system, which consists of the glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzymes glyoxalase I (GLX1) and glyoxalase II (GLX2), as well as the GSH-independent glyoxalase III (GLX3 or DJ-1), plays a crucial role in detoxifying MG. However, genome-wide analysis of glyoxalase genes has not been performed for one of the agricultural important species, oat (Avena sativa). This study identified a total of 26 AsGLX1 genes, including 8 genes encoding Ni2+-dependent GLX1s and 2 genes encoding Zn2+-dependent GLX1s. Additionally, 14 AsGLX2 genes were identified, of which 3 genes encoded proteins with both lactamase B and hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase C-terminal domains and potential catalytic activity, and 15 AsGLX3 genes encoding proteins containing double DJ-1 domains. The domain architecture of the three gene families strongly correlates with the clades observed in the phylogenetic trees. The AsGLX1, AsGLX2, and AsGLX3 genes were evenly distributed in the A, C, and D subgenomes, and gene duplication of AsGLX1 and AsGLX3 genes resulted from tandem duplications. Besides the core cis-elements, hormone responsive elements dominated the promoter regions of the glyoxalase genes, and stress responsive elements were also frequently observed. The subcellular localization of glyoxalases was predicted to be primarily in the cytoplasm, chloroplasts, and mitochondria, with a few presents in the nucleus, which is consistent with their tissue-specific expression. The highest expression levels were observed in leaves and seeds, indicating that these genes may play important roles in maintaining leaf function and ensuring seed vigor. Moreover, based on in silico predication and expression pattern analysis, AsGLX1-7A, AsGLX2-5D, AsDJ-1-5D, AsGLX1-3D2, and AsGLX1-2A were suggested as promising candidate genes for improving stress resistance or seed vigor in oat. Overall, the identification and analysis of the glyoxalase gene families in this study can provide new strategies for improving oat stress resistance and seed vigor.

Nonlinear image authentication algorithm based on double fractional Mellin domain

Nonlinear image authentication algorithm based on double fractional Mellin domain

Three-dimensional angle-resolved photoemission study of bulk SiGe single crystals

The composition- and structure-dependent electronic band structure of SiGe alloys facilitates a rich variety of its application in various fields. In this study, we performed high-resolution core-level and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) of unstrained SiGe single crystals with the (001) surface. Thermally cleaned surfaces of the single crystals of SiGe alloys exhibited double domain (2 × 1) reconstruction, wherein the asymmetric dimer was composed of Ge atoms, and Si atoms were located below the subsurface region. The compositional dependence of three valence bands and their constant energy contours were clearly resolved by three-dimensional ARPES measurements using the high-intensity synchrotron radiation. The valence bands of unstrained SiGe alloys could be well described by the composition-based interpolation of the band parameters of pristine Si and Ge crystals.

Evolution of switching fields caused by reorientation of GdFeCo/Ir/GdFeCo synthetic ferrimagnet in magnetic field

Anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in GdFeCo/Ir/GdFeCo multilayered structures attracts great interest because all optical switching, spin-torque, and other effects promise effective application for ultrafast memory element creation. Since AHE is controlled by GdFeCo magnetization, domain dynamics has importance for practical applications. In our work, magnetization reversal in perpendicular GdFeCo/Ir/GdFeCo synthetic ferrimagnets is characterized by AHE measurements. The AHE hysteresis loop obtained with the field applied perpendicular to the sample plane is composed of three sub-loops, and two of them are symmetrically biased with respect to the third one. Switching magnetic fields for two of the three transitions are found to be dependent on magnetic history. In particular, exposure of the sample in the in-plane field leads to reduction of the out-of-plane switching fields in side sub-loops. A multiple series of perpendicular hysteresis loops recorded after exposure under high in-plane field reveals gradual (within 30 min) relaxation of the out-of-plane switching fields to their initial values observed in a non-magnetized sample. Domain wall mobility, limiting switching of the bilayer devices, is complicated due to the coupling between partial domains in each single layer. Unusual dynamics of double domain walls results in unexpected new phenomena affecting electrical processes in bilayer structures.

IRF3-mediated lncRNA FTX promotes cell proliferation, migration, invasion and suppresses cell apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma by up-regulating FCHSD2 via miR-708-5p.

In recent years, researches into the molecular mechanisms of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have improved greatly but effective targeted therapies remain elusive. More and more evidence has referred to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as modulators of carcinomas development. As a novel lncRNA, five prime to Xist (FTX), as reported before, is overexpressed in a variety of cancers. In the present study, we sought to unclose the impacts of FTX and its molecular mechanism in OSCC. Related gene expression levels were disclosed by qRT-PCR and we found that FTX was notably overexpressed in OSCC. The biological functions of FTX in OSCC were measured by functional assays. The results displayed that depletion of FTX hinderedOSCC cell migratory, invasive and proliferative abilities, but promoted cell apoptotic levels. The relationship among interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), FTX, microRNA-708-5p (miR-708-5p) and FCH and double SH3 domains 2 (FCHSD2) was determined by several mechanism assays, from which we discovered that FTX activated by IRF3 regulated FCHSD2 expression by sponging miR-708-5p. Rescue experiments showed that FTX motivated OSCC development by modulating miR-708-5p/FCHSD2 axis. In summary, FTX was an oncogene in OSCC and might provide new insights into OSCC treatment.

Marine Organism Detection Based on Double Domains Augmentation and an Improved YOLOv7

The existing object detection methods are facing significant challenges when applied to marine environments, such as underwater image degradation caused by absorption and scattering of light, and domain transfer in water bodies with different water qualities. In this letter, we propose a marine organism detection framework to improve the detection performance and the domain generalization performance. First, a double domains data augmentation is proposed. This method combines underwater image enhancement and water quality transfer to improve the domain diversity of the original dataset. Second, we utilize the self-attention operations and the convolution to improve the detection performance of the YOLOv7, fully utilizing the advantages of self-attention and convolutional computation. Meanwhile, this model uses SIoU loss to accelerate convergence speed and improve the regression. Experiments on the URPC2019 and URPC2020 datasets show that the proposed object detection method achieves a mean average precision of 82.3% and 83.6%, respectively, which is superior to all other methods used for comparison.

Calcium Sensors of Neurotransmitter Release.

Calcium (Ca2+) plays a critical role in triggering all three primary modes of neurotransmitter release (synchronous, asynchronous, and spontaneous). Synaptotagmin1, a protein with two C2 domains, is the first isoform of the synaptotagmin family that was identified and demonstrated as the primary Ca2+ sensor for synchronous neurotransmitter release. Other isoforms of the synaptotagmin family as well as other C2 proteins such as the double C2 domain protein family were found to act as Ca2+ sensors for different modes of neurotransmitter release. Major recent advances and previous data suggest a new model, release-of-inhibition, for the initiation of Ca2+-triggered synchronous neurotransmitter release. Synaptotagmin1 binds Ca2+ via its two C2 domains and relieves a primed pre-fusion machinery. Before Ca2+ triggering, synaptotagmin1 interacts Ca2+ independently with partially zippered SNARE complexes, the plasma membrane, phospholipids, and other components to form a primed pre-fusion state that is ready for fast release. However, membrane fusion is inhibited until the arrival of Ca2+ reorients the Ca2+-binding loops of the C2 domain to perturb the lipid bilayers, help bridge the membranes, and/or induce membrane curvatures, which serves as a power stroke to activate fusion. This chapter reviews the evidence supporting these models and discusses the molecular interactions that may underlie these abilities.

Quantifying the local mechanical properties of twisted double bilayer graphene.

Nanomechanical measurements of minimally twisted van der Waals materials remained elusive despite their fundamental importance for device realisation. Here, we use Ultrasonic Force Microscopy (UFM) to locally quantify the variation of out-of-plane Young's modulus in minimally twisted double bilayer graphene (TDBG). We reveal a softening of the Young's modulus by 7% and 17% along single and double domain walls, respectively. Our experimental results are confirmed by force-field relaxation models. This study highlights the strong tunability of nanomechanical properties in engineered twisted materials, and paves the way for future applications of designer 2D nanomechanical systems.

Image detail enhancement of two-dimensional animation scene based on dual domain decomposition

In order to improve the performance of traditional image detail enhancement methods in distortion, real-time and detail information error, a new two-dimensional animation scene image detail enhancement method based on dual domain decomposition is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the two-dimensional animation scene image is divided into basic image domain and image detail domain by double domain decomposition. Then, the basic image domain is reconstructed and the image detail domain is denoised. Finally, the image detail enhancement is realised by fusing the results of information reconstruction and denoising. The simulation results show that the enhancement process of this method takes at least 11 minutes, and the maximum local standard deviation can reach 0.975, which is closer to 1.000, indicating that this method has the advantages of low distortion, high real-time performance and small detail information error.

The NTPase activity of the double FYVE domain–containing protein 1 regulates lipid droplet metabolism

Lipid droplets (LDs) are transient lipid storage organelles that can be readily tapped to resupply cells with energy or lipid building blocks and therefore play a central role in cellular metabolism. However, the molecular factors and underlying mechanisms that regulate the growth and degradation of LDs are poorly understood. It has emerged that proteins that establish contacts between LDs and the endoplasmic reticulum play a critical role in regulating LD metabolism. Recently, the autophagy-related protein, double FYVE domain-containing protein 1 (DFCP1/ZFYVE1) was shown to reside at the interface of the endoplasmic reticulum and LDs, however, little is known about the involvement of DFCP1 in autophagy and LD metabolism. Here, we show that DFCP1 is a novel NTPase that regulates free fatty acid metabolism. Specifically, we show that DFPC1-knockdown, particularly during starvation, increases cellular free fatty acids and decreases the levels of cellular TAGs, resulting in accumulated small LDs. Using selective truncations, we demonstrate that DFCP1 accumulation on LDs in cells and invitro is regulated by a previously unknown NTPase domain. Using spectroscopic approaches, we show that this NTPase domain can dimerize and can hydrolyze both ATP and GTP. Furthermore, mutations in DFCP1 that either impact nucleotide hydrolysis or dimerization result in changes in the accumulation of DFCP1 on LDs, changes in LD density and size, and colocalization of LDs to autophagosomes. Collectively, our findings suggest that DFCP1 is an NTPase that modulates the metabolism of LDs in cells.

Production of active Exendin-4 in Nicotiana benthamiana and its application in treatment of type-2 diabetics.

GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1) is a peptide that stimulates insulin secretion from the β-cell for glycemic control of the plasma blood glucose level. Its mimetic exenatide (synthetic Exendin-4) with a longer half-life of approximately 3.3-4 h is widely used in clinical application to treat diabetes. Currently, exenatide is chemically synthesized. In this study, we report that the GLP-1 analogue recombinant Exendin-4 (Exdn-4) can be produced at a high level in Nicotiana benthamiana, with an estimated yield of 50.0 µg/g fresh biomass. For high-level expression, we generated a recombinant gene, B:GB1:ddCBD1m:8xHis : Exendin-4 (BGC : Exdn-4), for the production of Exendin-4 using various domains such as the BiP signal peptide, the GB1 domain (B1 domain of streptococcal G protein), a double cellulose binding domain 1 (CBD1), and 8 His residues (8xHis) to the N-terminus of Exendin-4. GB1 was used to increase the expression, whereas double CBD1 and 8xHis were included as affinity tags for easy purification using MCC beads and Ni2+-NTA resin, respectively. BGC : Exdn-4 was purified by single-step purification to near homogeneity using both Ni2+-NTA resin and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) beads. Moreover, Exdn-4 without any extra residues was produced from BGC : Exdn-4 bound onto MCC beads by treating with enterokinase. Plant-produced Exdn-4 (Exendin-4) was as effective as chemically synthesized Exendin-4 in glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS) from mouse MIN6m9 cells a pancreatic beta cell line.

Molecular characteristics of glutathione transferase gene family in a neglect medical Spirometra tapeworm.

The Spirometra mansoni is a neglect medical tapeworm, its plerocercoid larvae can parasitize in humans and animals, causing sparganosis. In this study, 17 new members of the glutathione transferase (GST) family were sequenced and characterized in S. mansoni. Clustering analysis displayed the categorization of SmGSTs into two main clades. RT-qPCR illustrated that 7 GST genes were highly expressed in the plerocercoid stage while 8 GSTs were highly expressed in the adult. rSmGST has the typical C- and N-terminal double domains of glutathione transferase. Immunolocalization revealed that natural SmGST is mainly located in the epidermis and parenchyma of plerocercoid, and in the epidermis, parenchyma, uterus and egg shell of adult worm. The optimum activity for rSmGST was found to be pH 6.5 and 25°C. The evolutionary tree showed a high level of diversity of cestodes GSTs. SmGSTs contained both conserved family members and members in the process of further diversification. The findings in this study will lay a foundation to better explore the underlying mechanisms of GSTs involved in Spirometra tapeworms.

Down-Regulation of Double C2 Domain Alpha Promotes the Formation of Hyperplastic Nerve Fibers in Aganglionic Segments of Hirschsprung's Disease.

Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) is a common developmental anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract in children. The most significant characteristics of aganglionic segments in HSCR are hyperplastic extrinsic nerve fibers and the absence of endogenous ganglion plexus. Double C2 domain alpha (DOC2A) is mainly located in the nucleus and is involved in Ca2+-dependent neurotransmitter release. The loss function of DOC2A influences postsynaptic protein synthesis, dendrite morphology, postsynaptic receptor density and synaptic plasticity. It is still unknown why hyperplastic extrinsic nerve fibers grow into aganglionic segments in HSCR. We detected the expression of DOC2A in HSCR aganglionic segment colons and established three DOC2A-knockdown models in the Neuro-2a cell line, neural spheres and zebrafish separately. First, we detected the protein and mRNA expression of DOC2A and found that DOC2A was negatively correlated with AChE+ grades. Second, in the Neuro-2a cell lines, we found that the amount of neurite outgrowth and mean area per cell were significantly increased, which suggested that the inhibition of DOC2A promotes nerve fiber formation and the neuron’s polarity. In the neural spheres, we found that the DOC2A knockdown was manifested by a more obvious connection of nerve fibers in neural spheres. Then, we knocked down Doc2a in zebrafish and found that the down-regulation of Doc2a accelerates the formation of hyperplastic nerve fibers in aganglionic segments in zebrafish. Finally, we detected the expression of MUNC13-2 (UNC13B), which was obviously up-regulated in Grade3/4 (lower DOC2A expression) compared with Grade1/2 (higher DOC2A expression) in the circular muscle layer and longitudinal muscle layer. The expression of UNC13B was up-regulated with the knocking down of DOC2A, and there were protein interactions between DOC2A and UNC13B. The down-regulation of DOC2A may be an important factor leading to hyperplastic nerve fibers in aganglionic segments of HSCR. UNC13B seems to be a downstream molecule to DOC2A, which may participate in the spasm of aganglionic segments of HSCR patient colons.

Genetic predisposition to porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder: A functional genomic-based, multigenerational family study.

Porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder (PSVD) is a group of liver vascular diseases featuring lesions encompassing the portal venules and sinusoids unaccompanied by cirrhosis, irrespective of the presence/absence of portal hypertension. It can occur secondary to coagulation disorders or insult by toxic agents. However, the cause of PSVD remains unknown in most cases. Hereditary cases of PSVD are exceptionally rare, but they are of particular interest and may unveil genetic alterations and molecular mechanisms associated with the disease. We performed genome sequencing of four patients and two healthy individuals of a large multigenerational Lebanese family with PSVD and identified a heterozygous deleterious variant (c.547C>T, p.R183W) of FCH and double SH3 domains 1 ( FCHSD1 ), an uncharacterized gene, in patients. This variant segregated with the disease, and its pattern of inheritance was suggestive of autosomal dominant with variable expressivity. RNA structural modelling of human FCHSD1 suggests that the C-to-T substitution at position 547, corresponding to FCHSD1R183W , may increase both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein stability and its interaction with MTOR-associated protein, LST8 homolog, a key protein of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR pathway). These predictions were substantiated by biochemical analyses, which showed that FCHSD1R183W induced high FCHSD1 mRNA stability, overexpression of FCHSD1 protein, and an increase in mTORC1 activation. This human FCHSD1 variant was introduced into mice through CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Nine out of the 15 mice carrying the human FCHSD1R183W variant mimicked the phenotype of human PSVD, including splenomegaly and enlarged portal vein. Aberrant FCHSD1 structure and function leads to mTOR pathway overactivation and may cause PSVD.

Association of primary knee osteoarthritis with DVWA SNP in a group of Egyptian population: a case–control study

BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent medical condition which represents a high impact on public health. In addition, the underlying etiology still has been unelucidated. Osteoarthritis is a multifactorial disease with a high genetic predisposition. Identification of genes associated with higher OA predisposition can assist in elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms as well as detecting possible areas for gene-targeted OA therapies. Among these genetic targets, double Von Willebrand factor domain A (DVWA) has been shown to be related to β-tubulin protein interaction which is considered a protecting factor from OA development. Studies have shown a reduction in protein binding strength with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11718863 in the Von Willebrand factor domain A (VWA domain). Development of weakness between β-tubulin and the wild protein has been linked with increased risk of OA development. We aimed to investigate the association between primary knee OA susceptibility and severity with DVWA rs11718863 SNP among a subset of Egyptian population.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of AA, AT and TT genotypes frequencies between patient group and control group (P = 0.502). There was no statistically significant difference between different genotypes of DVWA rs11718863 SNP as regards the radiological assessment of different knee joint compartments using Kellgren Lawrence scale (P = 0.960 for medial tibiofemoral compartment), (P = 0.260 for lateral tibiofemoral compartment) and (P = 0.597 for patellofemoral compartment).ConclusionsDVWA rs11718863 SNP was not demonstrated to influence OA susceptibility and severity among the studied Egyptian population subset. Larger sample size with inclusion of more genetic variants of DVWA SNP would be necessary to support the presence or absence of any relationship between DVWA SNP and OA.

Double DJ-1 domain containing ArabidopsisDJ-1D is a robust macromolecule deglycase.

Plants, being sessile, are prone to genotoxin-induced macromolecule damage. Among the inevitable damaging agents are reactive carbonyls that induce glycation of DNA, RNA and proteins to result in the build-up of advanced glycated end-products. However, it is unclear how plants repair glycated macromolecules. DJ-1/PARK7 members are a highly conserved family of moonlighting proteins having double domains in higher plants and single domains in other phyla. Here we show that Arabidopsis DJ-1D offers robust tolerance to endogenous and exogenous stresses through its ability to repair glycated DNA, RNA and proteins. DJ-1D also reduced the formation of reactive carbonyls through its efficient methylglyoxalase activity. Strikingly, full-length double domain-containing DJ-1D suppressed the formation of advanced glycated end-products in yeast and plants. DJ-1D also efficiently repaired glycated nucleic acids and nucleotides in vitro and mitochondrial DNA in vivo under stress, indicating the existence of a new DNA repair pathway in plants. We propose that multi-stress responding plant DJ-1 members, often present in multiple copies among plants, probably contributed to the adaptation to a variety of endogenous and exogenous stresses.

Exact hydrodynamic solution of a double domain wall melting in the spin-1/2 XXZ model

We investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of a one-dimensional spin-1/2 XXZ model at zero-temperature in the regime |\Delta|< 1|Δ|<1, initially prepared in a product state with two domain walls i.e, |\downarrow\dots\downarrow\uparrow\dots\uparrow\downarrow\dots\downarrow \rangle|↓…↓↑…↑↓…↓⟩. At early times, the two domain walls evolve independently and only after a calculable time a non-trivial interplay between the two emerges and results in the occurrence of a split Fermi sea. For \Delta=0Δ=0, we derive exact asymptotic results for the magnetization and the spin current by using a semi-classical Wigner function approach, and we exactly determine the spreading of entanglement entropy exploiting the recently developed tools of quantum fluctuating hydrodynamics. In the interacting case, we analytically solve the Generalized Hydrodynamics equation providing exact expressions for the conserved quantities. We display some numerical results for the entanglement entropy also in the interacting case and we propose a conjecture for its asymptotic value.