Double Discrimination Research Articles

Detail Feature Inpainting of Art Images in Online Educational Videos based on Double Discrimination Network

In order to improve the image detail restoration effect of online education videos and improve the quality of online education images, a method for image detail restoration of online education videos based on dual discriminant networks is proposed. Utilize the grayscale changes in the selected spatial domain to enhance the detailed features of the original video art image, and construct a dual discriminant generative adversarial network model to repair the enhanced image details. Using a U-Net structured generation network to generate images similar to detail regions, and using image detail features as input, the initial image restoration is completed by training the generation network. Improve the authenticity and consistency of output image details through global and local discriminant networks. The experimental results show that this method has a good image enhancement effect in restoring image detail features in online education video art, improving the dynamic range and grayscale contrast of the image, and has a significant effect on image detail repair. The average peak signal-to-noise ratio of this method is 30.108, and the average structural similarity is 0.961, proving that the repair effect of this method is good. The average PSNR of this method under Gaussian noise interference is 29.68, which proves the robustness of this method.

Les lesbiennes se droguent-elles davantage ? Les effets de l’(hétéro)sexualité sur la consommation de produits psychoactifs

Most of the data addressing LGBT populations are adressing gay men's health and focuses on the heterosexual/homosexual alterity without considering their practices nor their trajectories. In this article, we are looking into psychoactive substances use among lesbian and bisexual women. Based on an analysis of the Lesbian and Gay Press Survey (INVS, 2011), this paper aims to analyze the substance use of these populations, while discussing the categories used to describe them. Our results show that sexuality with male partners is associated with increased levels of consumption of illegal psychoactive products. However, this is not true for prescripted drugs. With regard to alcohol, consumption levels follow a gradient corresponding to the number of partners, regardless of their sex. However, sexual identification is not a relevant indicator for interpreting substance use, whatever the product consumed which suggest bisexuality is not associated, per se, with increased levels of substance abuse. These results suggest that the links commonly made between sexual orientation and increased consumption of psychoactive products should be discussed. Not only are consumption levels different for different products, but they also depend on gender and sexuality indicators. Because of the weight of heterosexist structures, sexuality with men is an important determinant of psychoactive product use among sexual minorities. Particularly with regard to bisexual women, this leads to discuss the link between a double discrimination, from their male and female partners, and their level of consumption of psychoactive products.

Female photojournalist discrimination during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia

The development of news about Covid-19 that hit almost the entire world, was conveyed massively by the mass media. The work process of journalists in reporting makes them vulnerable to infection. Photojournalists have to rack their brains to keep sending news. During the pandemic, female photojournalists experienced more obstacles and discrimination than before the pandemic. A strong patriarchal system gives rise to gender discrimination in the male-dominated photojournalist profession. This research is qualitative research with a critical paradigm. Researchers want to see the extent of discrimination against three female photojournalists in Indonesia during the pandemic. This research used qualitative methods, with semi-structured interviews, to explore the experiences of female photojournalists during the Covid-19 pandemic. The findings of this study are the existence of double burden gender discrimination, maternal discrimination, and layoff for those who have high salaries (discrimination based on pay) from the media where they work.

Doubling Down on Double Discrimination: Better supporting Indigenous Australians with disability

Doubling Down on Double Discrimination: Better supporting Indigenous Australians with disability

More than just double discrimination: a scoping review of the experiences and impact of ableism and racism in employment

Purpose Research has shed light on the employment barriers faced by individuals with disabilities, and by racialized people. The challenges faced by people belonging to both marginalized groups are less well-understood. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine existing research on labour market and workplace experiences of racialized people with disabilities, and to identify how ableism and racism intersect to shape employment experiences and outcomes. Methods Seven international databases were searched, covering the period from 2000 to April 2022. Four reviewers independently conducted the screening, and data extraction and analysis were performed on 44 articles that met our inclusion criteria. Results The findings highlighted rates of workplace ableism and racism (including discrimination allegations and perceived discrimination); types and forms of experiences arising from the intersection of ableism and racism (including unique individual stereotyping and systemic and institutional discrimination); and the role of other demographic variables. The intersection of ableism and racism impacted labour market outcomes, well-being in the workplace, and career/professional advancement. Conclusions Our review highlights the need for greater in-depth research focusing explicitly on the intersection of ableism and racism (and of other forms of discrimination), to better understand and address the barriers that racialized people with disabilities face in employment. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION The experiences of racialized people with disabilities have been under explored, and clinicians and rehabilitation specialists should consider incorporating intersectionality into their practices to better understand and serve these populations. Ableism and racism do not operate in isolation, and clinicians and other professionals need to be aware that racialized people with disabilities may face unique challenges and barriers as a result. Service providers should aim to address gaps and inequities in services faced by racialized people with disabilities which may prevent them from finding and/or maintaining meaningful employment.

Frank Chin’i Anlamak: “Railroad Standard Time” ve “The Eat and Run Midnight People” Öykülerinde Çinli Amerikalı Kimliğinin İzleri

In “Rail Road Standard Time” and “The Eat and Run Midnight People,” published in the short story collection titled The Chinaman Pacific and Frisco R.R. Co. (1988), Frank Chin focuses on several issues such as cultural heritage and transmission, identity, railroad narrations, food, and masculinity. In the first short story, Chin is going to his mother’s funeral, and during this journey, he jumps between his memories that help the reader to see the trails of his Chinese American identity formation. In the second story, Chin once more returns to his memories by taking up the role of the narrator and reveals the issues of double discrimination, masculinity, and the influences of American culture on his identity formation. The aim of this article is to analyze Chin’s selected short stories from a thematic and social perspective. The article also aims to reveal how the author tries to maintain his ethnicity and reflect his identity molded by two different cultures.

«ДОМА ТЕРПИМОСТИ» В РОСТОВСКОЙ И СТАЛИНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТЯХ В ПЕРИОД НЕМЕЦКОЙ ОККУПАЦИИ В 1942–1943 гг.

The article deals with the organization and functioning of the Nazi brothels in the occupied territory of the Rostov and Stalino (Donetsk) Oblasts during the Great Patriotic War. In the conditions of the “war of annihilation” and the “new order”, Soviet women found themselves in an exceptional situation of double gender discrimination: as “Untermensch” and as “trophies”. One of the forms of sexual collaboration was working in legal “brothel houses”. Formally “girls” were considered one of the most protected groups of the population in the occupation: they received significant income, rations, medical care, and a guarantee from being sent to Germany. In Soviet society, such women became outcasts. The authors analyze the opening of brothels in the Rostov region in and in the city of Stalino, their organizers, main and attendant staff, working conditions and venereal diseases of women. The study is based on the documents from two state archives: the State Archive of the Russian Federation (fund of the Extraordinary State Commission for the Establishment and Investigation of the Atrocities of the German Fascist Invaders and Their Accomplices and the Damage They Caused to Citizens, Collective Farms, Public Organizations, State Enterprises and Institutions of the USSR) and the State Archive of the Rostov Oblast (fund of the Commission for Accounting for Damage and Atrocities inflicted by the German Fascist Occupants on Institutions, Enterprises and Citizens of the City of Rostov-on-Don and the Rostov Oblast). These documents are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The authors relied on the approaches of gender history, military daily life and historical anthropology.

Women, migration, decent work and vulnerabilities in Africa: an investigative analysis

This study investigated women, migration, decent work and vulnerabilities in Africa. Essentially, it is on record that for the last few years more female migrants have been migrating independently for work, education and as heads of households. Despite these improvements, female migrants may still face stronger discrimination, are more vulnerable to mistreatment, and can experience double discrimination as both migrants and as women in their host country in comparison to male migrants. Nonetheless, male migrants are also exposed to vulnerabilities in the migration processes. For example, records have it that every day, women across Libya who have been subjected to forced marriages, sexual abuse, and other dire situations, leave their home countries for the prospect of a better life and with longing for Europe’s safety, they are willing to face an equally perilous route ahead, with the constant risk of being returned to Libyan detention centres, where they are abused, starved, and tortured (Palmucci, 2021). It is based on this that this study was carried out using investigative analysis of women victims who are presently returnees to their home country (Nigeria). Through identified women returnees from some of these countries, most especially Libya, 15 women returnees interacted to share their experiences while outside the country for greener pastures. These 15 women returnees were able to link the authors of this study to other 29 women returnees to Nigeria in the last three to two years.

Mask-Guided Generation Method for Industrial Defect Images with Non-uniform Structures

Defect generation is a crucial method for solving data problems in industrial defect detection. However, the current defect generation methods suffer from the problems of background information loss, insufficient consideration of complex defects, and lack of accurate annotations, which limits their application in defect segmentation tasks. To tackle these problems, we proposed a mask-guided background-preserving defect generation method, MDGAN (mask-guided defect generation adversarial networks). First, to preserve the normal background and provide accurate annotations for the generated defect samples, we proposed a background replacement module (BRM), to add real background information to the generator and guide the generator to only focus on the generation of defect content in specified regions. Second, to guarantee the quality of the generated complex texture defects, we proposed a double discrimination module (DDM), to assist the discriminator in measuring the realism of the input image and distinguishing whether or not the defects were distributed at specified locations. The experimental results on metal, fabric, and plastic products showed that MDGAN could generate diversified and high-quality defect samples, demonstrating an improvement in detection over the traditional augmented samples. In addition, MDGAN can transfer defects between datasets with similar defect contents, thus achieving zero-shot defect detection.

Who is seen by a community learning disability psychology service? Learning and future directions

It is well documented that access to mental health services is obstructed by several barriers for certain people, that in turn perpetuate individual distress and future support-seeking. Awareness is continuing to grow, exacerbated by accounts of oppression and marginalisation of certain populations, and the health inequalities exhibited through the Covid-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, people with learning disabilities are often subject to ‘double discrimination’ if identifying with a marginalised group, making access to services even more difficult. Thus, it is imperative that learning disability teams are aware of current barriers, so widening access initiatives can be explored. This article highlights some of the research found regarding the inequalities faced for people with learning disabilities accessing psychology provision, as well as documenting our service evaluation project, to consider what can be done to create a more equitable service for our clients.Easy read summaryResearch shows that some people struggle more than others to be seen by learning disability teams.We looked at who was reaching the psychology team in our service. We found that we are reaching men and women equally. But we might not be reaching as many older adults. We also might not be reaching as many people from Asian ethnic backgrounds.We also looked at if the type of support we give people is equal. We found that there may be some differences in the care offered, dependent on gender, age, or ethnicity.It is important that we understand what stops people reaching learning disability teams, so that we can solve any problems. This will help as many people as possible get the care and support they might need.

Gynecologic Surgical Training: Current and Future Perspectives

Gynecologic Surgical Training: Current and Future Perspectives

The Doubly Discriminated in the Land of the Free: Exclusion and Empowerment of Queer People of Color from the 1960s to Modern America

This paper explores the double ostracization queer Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) endured in history, as an intersectional result of racist exclusion in the predominantly white narrative of the gay liberation movement and homophobia within oppressed racial groups. It describes how this double discrimination led to disproportionate impacts on the community in the AIDS epidemic from 1980s to 1990s. In the process, the paper restores the erased narratives of queer activists of color, showing how this community united to resist the double discrimination and to speak up through literature and alliances that ultimately overcame some of the societal barriers. Looking forward, the paper argues that a similar pattern is emerging in contemporary America with a disproportionate impact on queer and BIPOC people through the overturn of Roe v. Wade. Drawing on these insights, the paper concludes with the progress the American society has made toward equity for all.

Gender-Based Violence and Associated Factors Among Women with Disabilities in Jimma Town, Ethiopia.

BackgroundGlobally, women with disabilities have two times higher chance of suffering from violence compared to their non-disabled peers due to double discrimination. However, there is little evidence that quantifies the situation in this segment of the population by considering disability-related factors which make this group more vulnerable to gender-based violence in Ethiopia.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of gender-based violence and its associated factors among women with disabilities in Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia, 2020.MethodsA community based cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 308 women with disabilities. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with gender-based violence. The significance of the association was decided by using the 95% confidence interval of AOR at a p-value of <0.05 in the multivariable analysis.ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of gender-based violence among women with disabilities was found to be 73.1, while 46.1% had experienced it during the last 12 months. Gender-based violence in the past 12 months was significantly associated with non-schooling (AOR=5.10; 95% CI, 1.51, 17.14), being in age group of 20–34 (AOR=3.5; 95% CI, 1.74, 7.30), having visual impairment (AOR=3.1; 95% CI, 1.27, 7.54), having hearing impairment (AOR=3.0; 95% CI, 1.36, 6.89), alcohol use behavior (AOR=4.1; 95% CI, 1.74, 9.55), and perceived stigma and discrimination (AOR=4.2; 95% CI, 2.44, 7.39).ConclusionPrevalence of gender-based violence among women with disabilities was found to be high in the study area. Educational status, age, type of disability, alcohol use behavior, and perceived stigma and discrimination were independent predictors of gender-based violence. Measures have to be taken to curb the problem by taking integrated interventions like enrolling girls in school and targeted health education towards identified factors by considering the heterogeneity of disabilities.

Methodological Paradoxes in Understanding Rural Egypt: Deconstructing Young Women’s Challenges in the Public Sphere

Despite noticeable efforts to include women in different facets of public life, rural women’s participation is low compared to their metropolitan counterparts, and to men in general. This paper argues that rural young women face double discrimination: first, through disempowerment in regards to basic economic, social, and cultural rights which facilitate participation in public life, and second, that their challenges are not fully captured by most research. Utilising constructivist ethnographic qualitative research conducted in three rural villages in Egypt, this study navigates through disadvantaged young women’s realities and captures the unique and unrecognised challenges they encounter in regards to participating in public life. In addition to sharing challenges common to most women, the findings reveal challenges specific to rural young women. Some of these challenges directly impede women’s participation in the public sphere; such as lack of ID, early marriage, and limited mobility while others indirectly limit their public participation, such as social norms, migration of husband, and marriage cost.

A Proposed Model and Framework for Developing a Curriculum for Indigenous Learners with Disabilities

The experiences of indigenous person with disabilities at the intersection of being an indigenous person and being a person with disability can be described as a case of double discrimination. Special Education, which is one of the measures stated in the United Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities to eradicate disability discrimination as well as to promote full and effective participation in society, is still an area studies which has not been investigated in detail from an indigenous perspective. In the Philippines, for example, even though inclusion is an embodied philosophy and policy in its Enhanced Basic Education Curriculum, it does not clearly provide for a guide for implementing special education services to indigenous learners with disabilities. Thus, in this paper, I explored into the gaps of disability from an Indigenous perspective and the primary Philippine policies on disability education and Indigenous Peoples Education. These analyses were used to conceptualizing a proposed model and framework for developing a curriculum for Indigenous Learners with Disabilities.

The Health of People with Disabilities in Humanitarian Settings During the Covid-19 Pandemic

People with disabilities are at a higher risk of poor health outcomes and face barriers to accessing health services, which may be exacerbated in humanitarian settings and during the Covid-19 pandemic. This scoping review explores how best to protect the health of people with disabilities in humanitarian contexts during the Covid-19 response. Forty-eight articles across the peer-reviewed and grey literature were identified. Key challenges include a lack of accessibility of mainstream Covid-19 prevention and response measures, disruptions to routine care pathways for people with disabilities, and double discrimination based on disability and displaced status. Specific priority areas include continuity of basic and specialised services, prioritisation of women and children with disabilities, the need to adapt mainstream recommendations for the Covid-19 response to be disability- and humanitarian-setting inclusive, and strengthening data systems.

Awareness of the psychological bias of naïve realism as a subtle strategy for improving stereotypes towards Moroccan women in Spain

The present research explored whether the exposure to the psychological bias of naïve realism (i.e., the conviction that one’s own views are objective, and the other’s views are biased) could promote stereotype change along the dimensions of morality, sociability, and competence. Due to their double discrimination, we considered Moroccan women living in Spain as the target group. Participants (307 Spaniards; Mage = 35.92, SD = 13.37; 61.6% women) were randomly assigned to a naïve realism (vs. control) condition and were further asked to evaluate Moroccan or Spanish women. Findings reveal that Moroccan women were evaluated as more moral, sociable and competent in the naïve realism than in the control condition. The ingroup favouritism towards Spanish women (compared to Moroccan women) disappeared in the moral dimension: once aware of the naïve realism bias, participants perceived Moroccan women as honest, sincere and trustworthy as Spanish women. Taken together, our findings suggest that making people aware of the bias of naïve realism might be beneficial for intercultural relations as it contributes to enhance outgroup evaluations and reduce the ingroup bias on morality, a core dimension in social perception.

Advancing E-contact to Reduce Intergroup Anxiety and Increase Positive Attitudes Towards Individuals Who Identify as Bisexual

ABSTRACT Bisexual individuals are invisible sexual minorities, who face prejudice and “double discrimination” from both heterosexual and sexual minority communities. Despite this, little empirical research has examined bisexual prejudice reduction. To address this, the current study tested an E-contact intervention – a highly structured, text-based, online interaction tool – to reduce bisexual prejudice. Heterosexual participants (N = 170) were randomly allocated to an intergroup (E-contact) or intragroup (control) interaction, with either a male or female interaction partner. Findings indicated that intergroup E-contact resulted in less intergroup anxiety compared to an intragroup interaction, and that this effect was more pronounced when the bisexual interaction partner was male for heterosexual men, but not for heterosexual women. Although E-contact had no direct effect on tolerance toward bisexual individuals or the perceived stability of bisexuality as a sexual orientation, findings revealed that reduced intergroup anxiety mediated the effect of E-contact on these outcome variables. This result was found in the intergroup dynamic of heterosexual men interacting with bisexual men, providing an important experimental demonstration of the potential for harnessing an E-contact intervention to reduce affective prejudice toward bisexual individuals.

Age and Gender Representation on German TV

Television offers an enticing glimpse into the world, but its perspective is often skewed. When societal groups are systematically excluded from appearing on the screen, they lose the chance to represent their characteristics and interests. Recipients may then form distorted perceptions and attitudes towards those groups. Empirical research on the prevalence of such biases - especially across stations, time, and genre - has been limited by the effort of manual content analyses. We develop and validate a deep-learning based method for measuring age and gender of faces in video material. An analysis of approximately 16 million faces from six years of German mainstream TV across six stations is fused with existing program metadata indicating timing and genre of broadcasts, including advertisements. Multilevel regression models show a consistent and temporally stable discrimination against women and elderly people, along with a double discrimination of elderly women. A significant amount of variation across genres and systematic differences between public and private broadcasters furthermore indicate previously undocumented heterogeneity in the representation of societal groups on TV. We discuss potential implications of a genre-specific differentiation against the backdrop of societal trends.

A Smart Fault-Tackling Strategy Based on PFTE for AC Three-Phase-to-Ground Faults in the Multi-Terminal HVDC Wind Power Integration System: Further Foundings

This paper describes a smart fault tackling strategy based on power flow transfer entropy (PFTE) for AC three-phase-to-ground (TPG) faults in the multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) wind power integration system. The fault characteristics and transient energy transfer of different positions and properties are analyzed. Then, a double integral discrimination method based on PFTE is proposed to further distinguish the fault property. Considering the power flow balance, an adaptive coordination strategy of wind farms and energy dissipation resistors is proposed to deal with different AC faults. Finally, a smart fault-tackling strategy based on PFTE for AC three-phase-to-ground (TPG) faults in the MTDC wind power integration system is proposed. Under the proposed smart fault-tackling strategy, the MTDC wind power integration system achieves uninterrupted operation during any AC TPG fault at the receiving end. The experiment results confirm the applicability of the proposed fault-tackling strategy.