Doors System Research Articles

Intent-Based Security for Functional Safety in Cyber-Physical Systems

We propose a novel intent-based method to prevent security attacks on the safety functions in cyber-physical systems used in smart manufacturing. Context information about a cyber-physical system is collected from various sensors including non-safety sensors measuring device temperature, motor rotation speed, or instantaneous power consumption of machines. Such contextual information along with operational and business intent of the system under consideration are then used to check whether the current situation is indeed an emergency situation or a normal situation. Unlike the conventional safety systems that only rely on raw sensor data and safety protocol status packets from safety sensors, which might be spoofed and/or modified, decision on the safety situation in our method is intelligently made by comparing aggregated sensor information from the cyber-physical system and its environment for compliance with pre-configured operational intents that define the normal safe and secure operation of the system. We also show how to integrate Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the proposed method for efficient and automated analysis of both intents and aggregated context information to make more intelligent decisions in execution of functional safety protocols. Our proposed AI/ML integration approach also enables the prediction of safety critical situations before they occur. The proposed method aims to prevent unnecessary switching to fail-safe mode causing insecure system states such as emergency doors opening or system halting in normal situations. In addition, it prevents sticking in non-safe states and not switching to fail-safe mode in real emergencies which could cause hazard on device and/or people.

Piston wind characteristic and energy saving of metro station environmental control system

Energy-saving is conductive to sustainable development. However, metro environmental control system accounts for great energy consumption in subway system. This paper focused on the effective utilization of unorganized fresh air induced by piston effect in the transitional season, aiming to save energy of ventilation system in metro station, and the method of combining numerical simulation with experiment was used. Firstly, the validity of numerical model was verified by comparing with experimental data. Secondly, the operation mode of environmental control system in metro station was reasonably scheduled, and the energy saving of ventilation system of metro station in the cities with different climate was calculated. The results show that the new environmental control system has the potential to save energy compared with traditional platform screen doors system. In some cities of temperate zone, the maximum energy saving is 75890 kW h of electricity every year. The maximum rate of energy saving is 42.71% with remarkable energy saving effect. The energy saving potential in other climates is limited, especially in cold zone, where the minimum energy saving is merely 23759 kW h of electricity every year, and the minimum rate of energy saving is only 9.67%. Besides, the results also indicate that unorganized fresh air flowing into the station is mainly caused by the suction effect of the moving train, which could be well applied to the design of environmental control system of metro station and provide a theoretical basis for utilization of unorganized fresh air induced by piston effect.

Research on remaining service life prediction of platform screen doors system based on genetic algorithm to optimise BP neural network

ABSTRACT The platform screen door system related to the safety of passengers, vehicle and station operation in rail transit is the research object. Relay, the key component of the PSD system, is selected as the breakthrough point, and the number of pull-in is used as the evaluation index of the service life of the relay. The precise and complex mapping between the influencing factors of the relay (coil resistance, pull-in voltage, release voltage, pull-in time, release time and contact resistance) and the remaining service life of the PSD system are established based on genetic algorithm to optimise BP neural network, and a new model for predicting the remaining life of the PSD is constructed. The PSD system of Guangzhou Metro Line 8 – KeCun Station is taken as the experimental test object. By comparing the BP algorithm, the PSO-BP algorithm and the GA-BP algorithm, it is demonstrated in detail how the prediction model can effectively predict the remaining service life of the PSD system with high precision, so that the equipment early warning before failure occurs to ensure the normal operation of subway lines. Experimental examples effectively prove the stability and accuracy of the GA-BP algorithm proposed.

O papel do Ministério Público na autocomposição de conflitos sanitários transindividuais

RESUMO: objetivo: analisou-se o papel do Ministério Público na autocomposição bilateral de conflitos sanitários transindividuais, envolvendo políticas públicas de saúde, notadamente se pode atuar como mediador, tendo em vista sua condição de parte, legitimado extraordinário pela substituição processual. Metodologia: tratou-se de estudo exploratório, de base qualitativa, desenvolvido a partir de fontes documentais primárias e bibliográficas, interpretadas e valoradas com os recursos da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: os resultados apurados indicaram que a adequada resolução de conflitos sanitários transindividuais, envolvendo direito à saúde e políticas públicas de saúde, perpassa por um sistema multiportas de acesso à Justiça, com primazia para a autocomposição bilateral, através da negociação, da mediação e da conciliação, de modo que o sistema de jurisdição somente seja acionado como último recurso. Emergiu, também, a legitimidade do Ministério Público para atuar nesse sistema, desempenhando distintos papéis na seara judicial e extrajudicial, tendo a observância ao ordenamento jurídico como linha condutora de sua atuação. Conclusão: na autocomposição bilateral de conflitos sanitários transindividuais, o Ministério Público atua como autêntico negociador colaborativo.

Energy performance investigation of an innovative environmental control system in subway station

More than 70% of the non-traction energy consumption is attributable to environmental control system in subway stations, in which ventilation system accounts for the largest portion. Energy savings will be affected significantly if the environmental control system can be improved effectively. This paper proposed an innovative environment control system. The system features an innovative platform door with controllable vents, aiming to improve the energy performance and thermal environment in subway station. This study used on-site experimental data and numerical simulations to analyze the thermal environment of the station for optimizing the controllable vents of innovative platform doors including position, size and open angle. Moreover, the operation control strategy for the innovative environmental control system was put forward. The energy performance of the innovative environmental control system was discussed for the five cities, which represent five climate zones of China. The results showed the innovative environmental control system could satisfy the requirements of thermal comfort. Compared with the traditional platform screen doors system, the energy consumption could be reduced by 20.64%–60.43%.

Russian Orthodox Parish Family Clubs of Sobriety. Specific of rehabilitation work (1992-2016)

According to WHO report published in 2014 Russia ranks world N°4 by alcohol consumption, Croatia - N° 11, Serbia - N° 32, Italy - N° 37, USA - N° 56. Per capita alcohol consumption in modern Russia is an average 15.76 litres of pure alcohol. To compare with the year 1912 per capita alcohol consumption in Russia was 3.14 litres of pure alcohol. In WHO opinion per capita alcohol consumption over 8.0 litres of pure alcohol is a national danger.Aid programs for alcohol addicted people exist in the USA for over 100 years. In connection with obsolescence of the most popular and wide-spread Alcoholics Anonymous approach founded in 1930-1940 - other programs are actively developing now.In Russia social sobriety movement has a history of more than 130 years' experience. From the middle of the 19th century there was an active social sobriety movement connected with such names as a great Russian teacher and public figure Rachinsky S.A., the archpriest Alexander Rozhdestvensky, St. Righteous John of Kronstadt. However scientifically based aid programs for alcohol addicted people have spread in the USSR only in the eighties of the XX Century.In Croatia the development of scientific aid program for alcohol addicted has started in the sixties of the XX Century and is connected with the name of a world-famous psychiatrist Vladimir Hudolin (2.05.192226.12.1996). Vladimir Hudolin has graduated from the chair of nervous and mental diseases of medical faculty of the Zagreb university, the chair was based in 1921 by a distinguished psychoneurologist, professor, Russian nobleman Lapinskiy Michail Niki- tovich (1862, Russia - 1949, Argentina). Doing an internship in Great Britain and Scotland clinics in 1952-1953, Vladimir Hudolin has got acquainted with clinical psychiatrist and the pioneer of social psychiatry Joshua Birer who has created in 1938-1939 the first therapeutic social club for patients of lunatic asylum and also with Maxwell Jones and his therapeutic community in Belmont hospital (Henderson Hospital). On the base of psychoneurological office of university hospital named after Doctor Mladen Stojanovic Vladimir Hudolin on his returning to Zagreb has organized open doors system suggested by Scottish psychiatrist John Batty Tyyuk. He has also begun to implement there a therapeutic communities methodology, strategy of work in small groups and family approach.Rising star of social psychiatry- the president of World association of social psychiatry A. Guilherme Ferreira has said about 45-year-old Vladimir Hudolin. Hudolin on the base of experience, theory of systems of Bertalanfi and reflections of his own began to develop social-ecological theory of alcoholism. According to this approach - problems connected with consumption of alcohol and other psychoactive agents are to be considered in the context of deviant behavior and lifestyle of addicted person. In this regard it is necessary to take into consideration the influence of immediate environment and inhabitable environment in general on the individual i.e., to estimate the influence of both individually-psychological and sociocultural factors.On April 1, 1964 Vladimir Hudolin being already a doctor of medical sciences opens at university hospital the Croatia's first The Club System for Treated Alcoholics. By 1979 there were already over 2000 such clubs on the Balkans, and currently the club aid program has spread not only in the countries of the former Yugoslavia but also in more than 30 countries worldwide. The results of the efficiency of this program were amazing as they have shown that among clubs members about 60% had permanent long remission.In Russia wide range of experts became familiar with Vladimir Hudolin's method after an article published by B. Gachich, T.P. Neborakova and E.A. Koshkina in Journal of Addiction Problems. In 1994 an article by A.N. Baburin together with a group of authors was published, in the article Russian experts have shared their experience in Family Clubs of Sobriety (FCS) management in Moscow and Moscow area. …

Production and testing of the ENEA-Bologna VITJEFF32.BOLIB (JEFF-3.2) multi-group (199 n + 42 γ) cross section library in AMPX format for nuclear fission applications

The ENEA-Bologna Nuclear Data Group produced the VITJEFF32.BOLIB multi-group coupled neutron/photon (199 n + 42 γ) cross section library in AMPX format, based on the OECD-NEA Data Bank JEFF-3.2 evaluated nuclear data library. VITJEFF32.BOLIB was conceived for nuclear fission applications as European counterpart of the ORNL VITAMIN-B7 similar library (ENDF/B-VII.0 data). VITJEFF32.BOLIB has the same neutron and photon energy group structure as the former ORNL VITAMIN-B6 reference library (ENDF/B-VI.3 data) and was produced using similar data processing methodologies, based on the LANL NJOY-2012.53 nuclear data processing system for the generation of the nuclide cross section data files in GENDF format. Then the ENEA-Bologna 2007 Revision of the ORNL SCAMPI nuclear data processing system was used for the conversion into the AMPX format. VITJEFF32.BOLIB contains processed cross section data files for 190 nuclides, obtained through the Bondarenko (f-factor) method for the treatment of neutron resonance self-shielding and temperature effects. Collapsed working libraries of self-shielded cross sections in FIDO-ANISN format, used by the deterministic transport codes of the ORNL DOORS system, can be generated from VITJEFF32.BOLIB through the cited SCAMPI version. This paper describes the methodology and specifications of the data processing performed and presents some results of the VITJEFF32.BOLIB validation.

An innovative environmental control system of subway

An innovative platform screen doors (PSDs) system with controllable slits was introduced, aiming to improve traditional PSDs and automatic platform gates (APGs) system. A newly-built subway station was used as a prototype to analyze and demonstrate the feasibility and energy savings opportunities of this innovative system. The process of train arrival and departure at a station was studied by transient simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) method, and the calculation of CFD was validated. Comfort, air ventilation and energy savings achievements in the station from piston wind were analyzed. After analyzing the thermal environment of the station and tunnel and five operation models, a new control scheme was implemented in this paper. Energy savings from the new control scheme used in eight cities were calculated. The results show that the new environmental control system meets comfort requirements. When compared with the traditional PSDs system, energy consumption is reduced by using optimized opening and operating programs. The energy savings of the new control scheme in different cities are remarkable, especially during the “shoulder” months when air conditioning is not available in the system.

최적의 실내 환경을 제공하기 위한 스마트 창호 플랫폼

본 논문은 방범과 쾌적한 실내 환경 유지를 위한 창호의 상태와 실내외 환경데이터를 수집 분석하여 원격관리하기 위한 스마트 창호시스템 플랫폼을 제안한다. 특히 보안 분야, 안전 분야, 가전기기 제어와 같은 홈서비스를 용이하게 하기 위한 스마트 창호 플랫폼과 스마트 홈 플랫폼 사이 표준 API를 제안한다. 제안된 플랫폼 기반으로 언제 어디에서나 방범 및 환기 등의 문제를 해결할 수 있는 원격 자동개폐 및 감시를 위한 유무선 통신인터페이스의 창호시스템 전용 게이트웨이를 개발하였다. 또한 모바일 환경에서 창호의 개폐 상태 감시 및 원격제어를 위한 웹과 앱 기반 사용자 인터페이스도 각각 개발하였다. This paper presents the smart system platform for remotely controlling the windows and doors system(WDS), which gathers and analyzes the state of WDS and the environmental data for preventing crimes and keeping a pleasant indoor. In particular, standard API between the smart WDS platform and the smart home platform has been presented to be easy to a home services, such as security, safety, and home appliance control. The private gateway of wire and wireless communication interfaces has been developed to remotely control and monitor the WDS for anytime and anyplace solving the crime prevention and ventilation problem. Web-and App-based user interface in order to detect the opening and shutting states and remotely control WDS have also been developed to support the mobile environment, respectively.

Indoor Climate Analysis for Urban Mobility Buses: a CFD Model for the Evaluation of thermal Comfort

The aim of this work is to analyze the indoor climate in city buses; the study was developed by numerical simulation and experimental validation carried out on the urban mobility buses of the city of Rome (Italy). Several factors have contributed to increase the concern about the comfort evaluation in vehicles and particularly in city buses. Due to the rising of the mobility needs, time that people spend in vehicles has grown substantially. The thermal environment in urban buses also varies greatly: passengers are exposed to local heating and/or cooling due to vertical temperature gradients, radiant asymmetry and local unexpected airflow. The interaction of the cabin thermal environment, created by the HVAC-system, the outdoor conditions as well as the occupants is rather complex. At the moment no standards exist for assessment and classification of the thermal environment quality in vehicles. To obtain some evidences, in order to enhance the indoor climate for a city bus and to improve occupants’ comfort monitoring local temperature and air distribution around passengers, we have developed a mathematical model. The numerical model was implemented with Computational Fluid Dynamic software (CFD, Fluent Inc.): it permits the evaluation of the thermal and fluid-dynamic performances of the air conditioning system and diffusers’ distribution. To gain a deeper understanding of the local climate comfort, the numerical simulation results were experimentally validated by several measurements inside the urban buses performed under real operative conditions during the summer season.The experimental results are in good agreement with the CFD evidences. This shows that the model developed can give reliable results to optimize and locally modify the air diffusers distribution inside cabin spaces. These evidences can help to improve the air conditioning distribution as a function of the obstructions’ typical for a city bus vehicle and to reduce the draught risk related to the bus stop door apertures. One of the most important reasons of local temperature differences and unexpected air velocity gradients is due to the multi-door system apertures at each bus stop. This situation is particularly recurrent in a city area where an urban bus can afford several stops during his programmed route. For this reason it’s important to get more information about this transient localized load for the climate conditions and about the time needed to reach again the steady conditions. To avoid or, at least, reduce this kind of problem it is proposed an air knife screened doors system bus. The thermo fluid dynamic results obtained show a significant improvement in the indoor climate comfort.

Platform Screen Doors Enhanced Bus Rapid Transit Intelligent Performance

It is the last straw to clutch at to solve the urban traffic issue, to develop high-capacity rapid transit and promote transit priority. Characterized by low cost, short construction cycle and flexible development, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) has been favored by more and more cities in the world. The Platform Screen Doors (PSDs) system is an important component at BRT stations, and it is original motive to be designed to satisfy the growing demand from BRT application to provide increased safety and comfort in the first. With the continual increased demand for BRT intelligent performance, the PSDs system is applied to get Bus Location Information with accurate position of arrival and departure at stop, to provide Real-Time Information (RTI) for BRT passengers using PSDs/GPS compound location technology, to put into practice Bus Fleet Management (BFM). Considering the capability of accurate location, it can be applied to actualize Bus Sign Priority in the future. The authors are luck to take in part the practice of BRT system, especially in the BRT intelligent systems, the papers will introduce upwards application and conceive in detail.