Donation Behavior Research Articles

Effect of oxygen-containing groups in functionalized graphene on its gas sensing properties

The creation of active material for chemiresistive gas sensors with high selectivity and sensitivity will allow a step towards miniaturization and reduction of power consumption of portable gas sensors. Graphene is a promising platform for the synthesis of two-dimensional active materials with high sensitivity. In this work, applying density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the effect of oxygen-containing functional groups (O, OH, O, COOH) on the adsorption of small gas molecules (NH3, CO2, CO, H2S, NO2, SO2) was rigorously studied. Based on the adsorption energies and partial charges from DFT calculations, the sensitivity and selectivity of graphene with different functionalizations were predicted. It was found that hydroxyl and carboxyl groups demonstrate increased selectivity and sensitivity of gas sensors, and the edge of graphene with hydroxyl groups shows the highest enhancement. Graphene with a carbonyl group was found to undergo irreversible chemisorption of NO2, which can potentially cause active material degradation, limiting the recyclability of gas sensors. Most of the molecules show both donor and acceptor behavior, which highlights the importance of a thorough selection of specific functional group types. The obtained results are useful for the rational design of graphene-based active material with oxygen-containing functional groups for chemiresistive gas sensors.

The impact of social media intervention based on functional motivation on repeat blood donation behavior: A prospective randomized controlled trial study.

Blood plays an irreplaceable role in medical care. Low retention rate among blood donors is the major issue in China. Various functional motivations can encourage blood donors to participate in blood donation. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research studies on re-donate behavior based on functional motivations. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of social media intervention based on functional motivation, to discover effective intervention methods to improve re-donate rate among nonregular blood donors. In 2022-2023, 726 adults aged 18-55 years were randomized into the intervention or control group. Over 6 months, the intervention group received science popularization via social media. After the follow-up period, re-donate rate and functional motivation were assessed. Statistical analyses included t-test, chi-square test, logistic regression analysis, and analysis of variance. Five hundred and sixty-eight participants completed the intervention survey. Overall, the repeat blood donation rate in the intervention group (18.1%) was significantly higher than the control group (4.2%) (p < .001). After the intervention, understanding, protection, sensation, and values motivation increased (p < .001). The changes in functional motivations vary across different age groups. In the 18-30 age group, understanding motivation increased (p < .001), while in the 31-45 and 46-55 age groups, protection motivation increased (p < .001). In the groups donating blood 3 time and 4 time, protection motivation increased (p < .05), and in the group donating blood 4 times, the values motivation increased (p < .05). Social media intervention based on functional motivation can effectively increase the re-donate rate. Understanding, protection, sensation, and values motivations can directly influence the re-donate behavior.

The Effects of Social Group Activities and Subjective Class Consciousness on Donation Behavior

The Effects of Social Group Activities and Subjective Class Consciousness on Donation Behavior

Assessing LSAM's ability to account for changes in organ donation and transplant center behavior.

The Liver Simulated Allocation Model (LSAM) is used to evaluate proposed organ allocation policies. Although LSAM has been shown to predict the directionality of changes in transplants and nonused organs, the magnitude is often overestimated. One reason is that policymakers and researchers using LSAM assume static levels of organ donation and center behavior because of challenges with predicting future behavior. We sought to assess the ability of LSAM to account for changes in organ donation and organ acceptance behavior using LSAM 2019. We ran 1-year simulations with the default model and then ran simulations changing donor arrival rates (ie, organ donation) and center acceptance behavior. Changing the donor arrival rate was associated with a progressive simulated increase in transplants, with corresponding simulated decreases in waitlist deaths. Changing parameters related to organ acceptance was associated with important changes in transplants, nonused organs, and waitlist deaths in the expected direction in data simulations, although to a much lesser degree than changing the donor arrival rate. Increasing the donor arrival rate was associated with a marked decrease in the travel distance of donor livers in simulations. In conclusion, we demonstrate that LSAM can account for changes in organ donation and organ acceptance in a manner aligned with historical precedent that can inform future policy analyses. As Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients develops new simulation programs, the importance of considering changes in donation and center practice is critical to accurately estimate the impact of new allocation policies.

Negative Emotions Will Be Welcomed: The Effect of Upward Comparison on Counterhedonic Consumption.

Upward comparisons are prevalent in life and have a significant influence on consumer psychology and subsequent behavior. Previous research examined the effects of upward comparisons on consumption behavior, mainly focusing on behavior that evokes positive emotions (e.g., donation behavior, sustainable consumption) or behavior that evokes negative emotions (e.g., impulsive consumption, compulsive consumption) and less on behavior that evokes both negative emotions and positive emotions (i.e., counterhedonic consumption). This research examined the effect of upward comparisons on counterhedonic consumption. Five studies (N = 1111) demonstrated that upward comparison (vs. non-upward comparison) leads to counterhedonic consumption, and this effect is mediated by relative deprivation (Studies 2 and 3). In addition, this research showed that the comparison targets moderate the effects of upward comparisons on counterhedonic consumption. Specifically, when the comparison target is a friend, an upward comparison (vs. non-upward comparison) leads to counterhedonic consumption. When the comparison target is a stranger, an upward comparison (vs. non-upward comparison) has no significant influence on counterhedonic consumption (Study 5). Our findings extend the research on upward comparisons, relative deprivation, and counterhedonic consumption.

Benefits of Give Circle: Exploring the impact of collaborative redistribution platforms on user willingness to donate to charity and tendency towards consumer minimalism

This study investigated the motivations of Taiwanese consumers who choose to redistribute their possessions via Give Circle, a free collaborative redistribution platform. We aimed to understand why users prefer using a free platform to donate and solicit items over traditional second-hand exchange platforms. Additionally, we sought to identify the behavioral changes that occur from using this platform within the context of the sharing economy. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, starting with semi-structured interviews with frequent users of the platform to identify independent and dependent variables for the formal research framework. Based on this evidence, we selected the extended UTAUT2 model and gamification affordance theory to explore the factors of continued use intentions. We applied structural equation modeling to 691 valid questionnaires. Predictors of continued use intentions included performance expectations, convenience, time and effort investment, and autonomy and self-expression. Continued use intention positively influenced charitable donation behavior and consumers' minimalist tendencies. These findings represent a novel contribution to the literature on the sharing economy, filling gaps in research on non-monetary collaborative redistribution platforms, extending the application of the UTAUT2 model, and deepening our understanding of consumer psychology and behavioral patterns in Asian Chinese societies.

A systematic review of predictive blood donor retention models.

Demand for blood and blood products is increasing due to population growth, medical advances, and increased disease. Availability of a stable blood supply is critical for healthcare organizations and requires effective donor recruitment and retention strategies. This systematic review paper examines the development and implementation of predictive models using machine learning techniques to classify and predict blood donor retention rates. The aim is to analyze the existing literature and provide insights into the design, performance and potential of such models through a systematic search of relevant databases. The reviewed studies include a variety of machine learning approaches and algorithms used to predict blood donor retention rates. These models use various demographic, behavioral, and historical donation data to predict the likelihood of a donor returning to donate blood. The utilization of machine learning techniques, such as decision trees, logistic regression, support vector machines, and neural networks, enables accurate predictions and enable healthcare organizations to implement targeted donor retention interventions to increase blood supply. The models' predictive performance reveals their capacity to recognize donors who are not likely to return and donate blood and target retention strategies appropriately, improving donor engagement and fostering long-term commitment. Several challenges and limitations face the identified existing models. They include the need for comprehensive and high-quality data, interpretability of complex models as well as the requirement for regular model updates to accommodate changing donor behaviors. There is need for development of versatile and comprehensive models with improved accuracy that can reduce the need for constant recruitment of new donors, which is costly and time-consuming enabling blood agencies to accurately predict donor retention rates, inform donor retention strategies, and prioritize resources appropriately and ultimately saving lives.

From empathetic hearts to digital hands: A study of compassion and donation behavior in social media advertising

In an era of global humanitarian challenges, an understanding of compassion and supportive behaviors is paramount. This study conducted an online experiment involving social media users within the United States, examining the interplay between compassion, empathetic concern, perceived impact, anticipated affect, and intentions to donate time and money. Structural equation modeling revealed that compassion influenced empathetic concern, perceived impact, and anticipated affect. Specifically, empathetic concern influenced intentions to donate time and money, while perceived impact primarily influenced monetary donations. Moreover, place attachment moderated these relationships, indicating that emotional bonds to a specific place can play a crucial role in shaping potential donors’ responses to compassion-based appeals. Our findings contribute to an understanding of how place attachment and compassion intersect in the digital age, informing innovative strategies for philanthropic campaigns on social media platforms.

Evaluating the effectiveness of three communication modes in promoting repeat voluntary donation behavior in first-time blood donors at a tertiary care blood center in North India

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Due to rapid technological advancements, several new methods such as telephone (TP), e-mail, social media, WhatsApp (WA), and Short Message Services are being used as effectively among blood centers worldwide for postdonation communication with blood donors’ education and motivation to recruit and retain them as repeat and regular voluntary nonremunerated blood donors. The present study was aimed at determining the effectiveness of WA, TP, and personal communications (PCs) as modes of communication to recruit and retain first-time replacement blood donors to become repeat and regular voluntary blood donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This 1-year observational prospective study was conducted in the Post Graduate Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion in Government Medical College and Hospital, Jammu. Three hundred first-time blood donors selected for the study were divided into three groups comprising 100 blood donors each as per the mode of communication strategy adopted, namely postdonation PC, TP, and WA groups. RESULTS: The repeat donation rate was highest in the TP group (61%), followed by the WA group (47%) and PC group (37%). The mean repeat donation was found to be significant in the TP group (P = 0.007) and WA group (P = 0.021) as compared PC group while there was no significant difference between the TP group and WA groups (0.751). CONCLUSION: In our study, it was found that of the three communication modes, namely personal, TP, and WA, telephonic communication with a repeat donation rate of 61% was the most effective mode of communication in for motivating and converting first-time blood donors into repeat regular voluntary blood donors.

An Experimental Study of Climate Change Messages: Who and How Many to Feature?

ABSTRACT There is some evidence to suggest an absence of emotional activation about climate change, partly due to the perception of it as a distant phenomenon. Little research to date has also examined whether individual portrayals are best within the context of psychological distance. There is also a lack of studies that experimentally evaluate human and animal messaging using a causal research design. We examine human and animal effects and individual and group effects on a set of psychological and behavioral variables: psychological distance, positive emotions, negative emotions, pro-environmental intent, and donation behavior. We explore these variables across two separate experiments that manipulate the content of a hypothetical news article describing climate change impacts: one featuring drought in Ethiopia and the other featuring wildfires in Arizona. Findings suggest that the psychological distance subdimensions of geographic, hypotheticality, and temporal distance matter for climate change messages and that messages that emphasize impacts on animals may actually diminish distance on these subdimensions relative to messages that feature humans.

Charity begins with prosocial music: Musical differences in intertemporal prosocial discounting and generosity

It has been demonstrated that exposure to music with prosocial lyrics can increase the accessibility of prosocial thoughts, leading to greater empathy and fostering helping behaviors. However, existing studies have largely neglected the intertemporal nature of altruism, limiting their scope of interpretation. The present research investigates the effects of attentively listening to music with prosocial lyrics (Study 1) and playing prosocial background music (Study 2) on intertemporal charitable donations. Both studies indicated that relative to neutral music, listening to songs with prosocial lyrics enhanced intertemporal donation behavior. Interpersonal empathy served a mediating role in this effect. These findings align with the General Learning Model, highlighting the significance of the empathy pathway in elucidating how media exposure impacts intertemporal altruism.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Donors Towards Blood Donation and Outcome of an Intervention to Change the Behavior of Donors- A Systemic Review

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Donors Towards Blood Donation and Outcome of an Intervention to Change the Behavior of Donors- A Systemic Review

Drug procurement and coordination decision under non‐directed donation behavior

AbstractThe frequent occurrence of public emergencies seriously threatens human health. As the supplier of drugs, besides producing drugs, pharmaceutical manufacturers also actively launch drug donations. However, whether this donation will affect the procurement decisions of hospital pharmacies and help relieve the supply pressure is worthy of attention. This paper aims to analyze the procurement and donation decisions under non‐directed donation scenario. Besides, we extend the application of collaborative decisions in the pharmaceutical supply chain. Our results point out that donations made by the pharmaceutical manufacturer always benefit the hospital pharmacy and the pharmaceutical supply chain system, and only in certain circumstances can it make itself more profitable. In non‐directed donation scenario, drug donation and procurement quantities under centralized decision are always higher than that under decentralized decision. The social collaborative decision has more advantages in improving members' decisions and profits. The coordination effect of collaborative decisions is often better when there are significant fluctuations in the wholesale price. Through our analysis, it can provide a reference for pharmacies and pharmaceutical manufacturers to make appropriate procurement and donation decisions.

The mobile giving gap: The negative impact of smartphones on donation behavior

AbstractWhile charities typically use the same messaging when appealing to consumers on their smartphones and PCs, this approach may backfire. Across three studies, we find consumers are less likely to donate on their smartphones (vs. PCs), a phenomenon we call the mobile giving gap. In study 1, we demonstrate that consumers are less willing to donate real money to a charitable organization. In study 2, we provide process support and demonstrate that the focal effect is mediated by other‐focus. Finally, a field experiment using Google display ads (study 3) replicates the focal effect and demonstrates that the negative impact of smartphones is attenuated when the appeal explicitly focuses on others (vs. the self). This study not only provides additional process support, but also suggests an easily implementable strategy that charities can use to close the mobile giving gap. Taken together, our findings offer theoretical insights related to the mobile mindset and its impact on consumer behavior and highlight that charities should tailor their donation appeals based on device type.

Influencers and donations: The impact of source and product benefits

AbstractNonprofit organizations (NPOs) are increasingly using social media as a communication platform to promote their charitable marketing efforts. The purpose of our research is to investigate how NPOs can enhance message effectiveness by utilizing a social media influencer and different product benefit appeals (utilitarian vs. hedonic) in their social media posts to enhance attitudes toward the donation campaign and word‐of‐mouth (WOM) intention, leading to higher donation behavior. Across two experimental studies, we show that an NPO's donation post (i.e., social media post promoting a donation campaign) is evaluated more favorably when paired with a hedonic benefit appeal, while an influencer's donation post is more favorable when paired with a utilitarian benefit appeal. Further, we find that the effects of source and product benefit appeal types on donation behavior are serially mediated by attitude toward the donation campaign and WOM intention. As the use of influencers is becoming increasingly popular to support fundraising and charitable causes, our findings provide timely implications for researchers and practitioners who are interested in optimizing NPO communication strategies in the digital landscape.

Political contributions by American inventors: evidence from 30,000 cases

AbstractPolitical scientists know surprisingly little about the political behavior of inventors, or those who produce new technologies. I therefore merged US patent and campaign contribution (DIME) data to reveal the donation behavior of 30,603 American inventors from 1980 through 2014. Analysis of the data produces three major findings. First, the Democratic Party has made significant inroads among American inventors, but these gains increasingly come from only a few regions and flow to a relatively small number of candidates. Second, deeper geographic trends explain most of the change in aggregate donation patterns. Third, inventors do not strategically donate to candidates outside their own district and, since 2006, inventors increasingly contribute to relatively centrist employer PACs with weak ties to the Democratic Party. These findings suggest that the interaction between market-oriented policy and American electoral institutions may inhibit the formation of broad cross-regional coalitions to support the knowledge economy.

Stigmatizing deferrals disproportionally reduce donor return rates: Evidence from Brazil.

Prior research has shown that temporary deferrals negatively influence donor return rates, but it remains unknown the extent to which these effects vary across reasons for deferral. We investigate whether deferrals differ in their degree of perceived stigmatization and, if so, how being deferred for stigmatizing (vs. non-stigmatizing) reasons affects subsequent donation behaviour. We examined whether reasons for deferral vary on their perceived level of stigmatization through an online survey (n = 400). Furthermore, we used a dataset encompassing 25 years of donation records from the state-run blood collection agency (BCA) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to investigate how stigmatizing (vs. non-stigmatizing) reasons for deferral affected return rates of 82,648 donors over a 60-month follow-up period. Being deferred for sex- and drug-related reasons was perceived as much more stigmatizing than other reasons for deferral (odds ratio = 3.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.33-4.25). Controlling for multiple observables, prospective donors were less likely to return to the BCA when deferred for stigmatizing (vs. non-stigmatizing) reasons (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.83-0.93). Donors perceive deferrals motivated by sex- and drug-related reasons as particularly stigmatizing, which is negatively associated with donor return rates. BCAs may want to pay special attention when communicating stigmatizing reasons for deferral to prospective donors.

How effort-based self-interest motivation shapes altruistic donation behavior and brain responses.

Prosocial behaviors are central to individual and societal well-being. Although the relationship between effort and prosocial behavior is increasingly studied, the impact of effort-based self-interested motivation on prosocial behavior has received less attention. In the current study, we carried out two experiments to examine the effect of motivation to obtain a reward for oneself on donation behavior and brain response. We observed that individuals who accumulated more money in the effort-expenditure rewards task (EEfRT) donated a lower proportion of their earnings. The sigmoid model fitted participants' choices in the EEfRT task, and the effort-reward bias and sigma parameters negatively correlated with the amount of money donated in the donation task. Additionally, the effort-reward bias and sigma parameters negatively predicted N2 amplitude during processing of charitable donation-related information. We propose that individuals who exhibit a lower level of effort-based self-interest motivation may allocate more cognitive control or attentional resources when processing information related to charitable donations. Our work adds weight to understanding the relationship between effort-based self-interest motivation and prosocial behavior and provides electrophysiological evidence.

Waqf Fundraising Strategies: A Comparison between Indonesia and Malaysia

The article aims to understand and analyze the various strategies that have been implemented in raising waqf funds in Indonesia and Malaysia. The data sources used come from Scopus indexed journals, ensuring the accuracy and credibility of the information. The results of the research show that there are ten main strategies that have been implemented in the context of waqf in Indonesia and Malaysia, namely digitalization and information technology strategies, government policy strategies, local cultural system strategies, management strategies, marketing and waqf objects, new strategies offered, strategies to strengthen legal legality, strategies for understanding the behavior of waqf donors, waqf education and socialization strategies, waqf institutional strategies and word of mouth strategies. Thus, this article provides a comprehensive view of waqf fund collection strategies in Indonesia and Malaysia, which can be a basis for further development in the context of Islamic finance and waqf fund management.

Islamic Values, Donation Behaviour and Muslim Financial Behaviour among Malaysians and Indonesians

This paper explores the impact of Islamic values on Muslim donation and financial behaviours in Indonesia and Malaysia. This associative quantitative research applies structural equation modeling (SEM), the SmartPLS approach. 427 data were collected using a closed questionnaire distributed to respondents who met the research criteria from Malaysia and Indonesia. The result postulates slight differences in the donation and financial behaviours between the two countries. Since the research is purely quantitative and only focused on individual donation and financial behaviours, researchers propose a qualitative study to further explore other determinants of Muslim donation and financial behaviours.