Dominant Housing Research Articles

Die „fünfte Suburbanisierung“ – Perspektiven suburbaner Raumentwicklung in den 2020er-Jahren

Germany is currently experiencing a renewed rise of suburbanisation and an associated increase in urban expansion in the peripheries of large cities. How this development—referred to below as the “fifth suburbanisation” in the history of this country—can be characterized in the light of earlier phases of intraregional deconcentration is the topic of this paper. The four historical reference phases are not to be understood as clearly distinguishable and successive developments. Their conceptualization is less temporal than structural-material, socio-spatial, institutional, cultural, economic and political-discursive. The focus is on characteristics of built environments typical of each phase, specific social and economic drivers, dominant housing and planning policies, socio-cultural meanings and values as well as social embedding and negotiation processes. Suburban development of the 2020s will take place in a socio-economically and institutionally changed process field, even though there is still little empirical evidence in this regard. Accordingly, this paper also aims to call for a discussion on new research desiderata and realistic policy designs for suburban spatial development in the 2020s. A historical contextualization of the current development and planning processes is considered essential.

Typological diversity and morphological continuity in the modern residential fabric: The case of Ankara,Turkey

Each city has a unique fabric corresponding to the dominant modes of production, legal control, and guidance systems in which it operates. Any periodic alteration in the settled mode of housing supply, in this sense, potentially results in an intrinsic change in ‘typological diversity’ and ‘spatial continuity’ within the collective fabric. If not coordinated by design and development control, the emergent variation in the housing typology may result in spatial fragmentation through the collective urban fabric. To test that point, the paper aims to reveal the subtle relationship between the two phenomena on a morphological basis. Through rapidly changing socio-economic dynamics in the last century, the cities of Turkey are subject to different housing production forms, therefore, offering a relevant context to examine the issue.Along with a planning system without effective development control tools to ensure spatial coherence responding to the dynamic nature of the housing sector, the residential fabric of Ankara comprises all the dominant housing typologies that emerged within different periods in Turkey. Accordingly, following a historical review of the housing supply forms in Turkey, the paper maps the emerging patterns of modern housing typologies through successive development zones of the city. It examines their internal typomorphological characteristics via a series of transects. Utilizing the GIS-based coherency analysis, the level of morphological continuity on each transect is calculated. Consequently, in light of the findings of the analysis, a critical perspective on housing production and development control creating different forms of spatial fragmentation through typological variation is suggested.

Rented apartments an alternative shelter: characteristics and quality across the residential densities in the ancient town of Ile-Ife

PurposeThe study had examined the dynamism in rental housing characteristic in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through questionnaire administration on 550 tenants selected across high, medium and low density areas, using systematic random sampling.FindingsFindings revealed that rented apartments in the traditional town are built with modern materials like sandcrete blocks, cement, corrugated roofing sheet and aluminium. Further findings revealed a statistical significant variation in the rental housing typologies across the residential densities (χ2 = 94.732a, df = 10 and p = 0.000). The dominant housing typology in the low income earners areas is rooming apartments known traditionally as (face-to-face), in the middle income earners areas detached and semi-detached bungalows (Mini, 2bedroms and 3 bedrooms flat); and lastly, bungalows and duplexes dominates the high income earners areas. Therefore, the study likened the variation across the income areas to deferential in socioeconomic characteristics of tenants, surroundings peculiarities and the landlord and tenant relationships.Originality/valueThe outcome of this study could strengthen policies in creating design standards for construction of housing for renters; this is step towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11, creating an inclusive communities.

Public-cooperative policy mechanisms for housing commons

Cooperative housing is experiencing a resurgence of interest worldwide. As a more democratic and affordable alternative to dominant housing provision, it is often heralded as a blueprint for ‘housing commons’. Despite its long history, however, cooperative housing has rarely gone beyond a ‘niche’ in the housing market. Recent critical housing scholarship is beginning to address this marginalisation and understand how a more widespread development of the sector can be supported. In times and places where cooperative housing has expanded beyond a ‘niche’ solution, the role of the state, through policy making at national, regional and municipal scale, stands out as an important enabling factor. Drawing on ten international cases, this study presents a framework for a rigorous and politically meaningful comparative approach to public-cooperative policy mechanisms for ‘housing commons’. Three key phases in the housing process (production, access and management, and maintenance of the model in time) are identified and discussed through concrete examples of policy areas and mechanisms. The article contributes to scholarship on cooperative housing policy making and ‘housing commons’ and argues for a shift in attention to questions of accessibility over time, and the thorny issue of permanent decommodification.

Mental images and congruence strategies: An investigation of congruence between residents and private open spaces in three dominant housing patterns of Yazd

Mental images and congruence strategies: An investigation of congruence between residents and private open spaces in three dominant housing patterns of Yazd

Economic impacts of being close to subway networks: A case study of Korean metropolitan areas

Subway networks are often developed in densely populated metropolitan areas that have enough potential passengers to merit their operation. Once a network has been constructed, it provides mobility to passengers and improves local accessibility to various destinations, thereby having economic, social, and public health impacts. This study aims to examine the economic impacts of subway networks in metropolitan areas among the various, wide-ranging effects of provision of transit networks. The association between actual transaction prices of condominiums and accessibility to subway networks in four metropolitan areas in South Korea is examined. Condominiums make up the dominant housing type in South Korea, so they provide a valid proxy for housing prices. In the modeling process, factors known to have a close relationship with housing prices are integrated along with the accessibility of subway networks, and spatially lagged models are utilized to effectively deal with the spatial patterns. The results of this research show that the expected positive effects of transit accessibility exist in the majority of cases in metropolitan areas, though one metropolis was an exception. These findings enhance our understanding of the economic impacts of public transit systems in relatively small metropolitan areas with less complex subway systems.

Stambene karijere u Hrvatskoj

Visok udio kućevlasništva malo govori o tome na koje načine pojedinci i kućanstva u Hrvatskoj rješavaju svoje stambeno pitanje, a krossekcijski podatci o strukturi stambenih statusa, stambenim politikama te predtranzicijskim istraživanjima stambene opskrbe daju nedostatne odgovore na to pitanje. Oslanjajući se na koncepte stambenog statusa, stambene tranzicije i stambene karijere te na periodizaciju dominantnih sustava stambene opskrbe od 1975. do 2015., u radu adresiramo sljedeća pitanja: prvo, koji su dominantni oblici stambenih tranzicija u Hrvatskoj, drugo, kako su stambene karijere povezane s ishodišnim statusima te treće, koji su dominantni obrasci stambenih karijera u Hrvatskoj. Navedena pitanja potom dovodimo u odnos s obilježjima stambene opskrbe u pojedinim razdobljima te ih, naposljetku, razmatramo iz perspektive međukohortnih razlika. Rad se temelji na analizi retrospektivnih anketnih podataka o stambenim karijerama koristeći metode povijesti događaja (eng. event history) i analize sekvence. Anketiranje je provedeno na nacionalno reprezentativnom uzorku (N=1000) u sklopu IPSOS Pulsovog Omnibus istraživanja u studenome 2016. godine. Analiza je usredotočena na identifikaciju obrazaca stanovanja u Hrvatskoj te na prikaz stambenih karijera pojedinaca u razdoblju socijalizma i postsocijalizma (1975. – 2015.). Kroz cijelo promatrano razdoblje dominira obiteljski tip stambene samoopskrbe, slijede stambene tranzicije s osloncem na tržišnu opskrbu, čiji je broj u porastu, a perzistentno su najmanje zastupljeni, i do razdoblja krize gotovo iščeznuli, socijalizirani modaliteti tranzicija. Stambene tranzicije iz roditeljskog doma počinju kasno, a trajanje jednom otpočetih stambenih statusa, napose onih vlasničkih, vrlo je dugotrajno. Stambene karijere relativno su jednostavne te u većini slučajeva vode vlasništvu kuće ili stana, često kroz ostanak u roditeljskoj nekretnini.

Effects of B-Wave Ultraviolet Supplementation Using Light-Emitting Diodes on Caged Laying Hens during the Later Phase of the Laying Cycle.

Simple SummarySo far, traditional cages are still the dominant housing systems for laying hens all over the world. However, during the later phase of the laying cycle, laying hens in conventional cages are highly susceptible to osteoporosis due to a calcium deficiency, which is accompanied by a decrease in production performance and egg quality, and an increase in mortality. B-wave ultraviolet (UVB) radiation (290–315 nm) can penetrate the skin and converts 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) to previtamin D3, which is rapidly converted to vitamin D3, which promotes the body’s absorption of calcium and phosphorus, as well as bone metabolism. Hence, we hypothesize that UVB exposure using light-emitting diode (LED) lights on laying hens during the later phase of the laying cycle can promote health and welfare of layers. This study aims to improve bone quality and egg quality by utilizing light environment regulation, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the application of UVB-LED lights for laying hens during the later phase of the laying cycle.Caged laying hens are prone to calcium deficiencies, resulting in osteoporosis and egg quality deterioration during the later phase of the laying cycle. Fluorescent light and light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which are widely used in poultry houses now, are both deficient in ultraviolet (UV) light, the lack of which is detrimental to chickens’ welfare and health. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of UVB light supplementation using LEDs on the bone traits, blood parameters, laying performance, and egg quality for caged laying hens at 68–75 weeks. In total, 120 Jingfen laying hens were randomly assigned to four different groups, with three replicates in each group (10 hens in each cage as a replicate). UVB-LED lamps installed under the feed troughs were used to provide UVB light (296–316 nm) for the birds in the three treatment groups (1 h, 2 h, and 3 h UVB supplementation per day, respectively), while the control group was not exposed to UVB-LED light. Bone traits, egg quality, and amounts of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), and 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) in both the serum and egg yolks were tested during the experiment. The results demonstrated that UVB-LED exposure significantly increased the bone mineral density (BMD), egg production, and yolk 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations (p < 0.05), and reduced the content of serum 7-DHC (p < 0.05), especially in the 2 h/day group; however, it did not improve egg quality, vitamin D metabolites, or photoproducts in the serum and yolk 25(OH)2D3 concentrations (p > 0.05). This study concluded that UVB supplementation using LEDs had a positive effect on caged laying hens during the later phase of the laying cycle.

NEW RESEARCH AT TEOTIHUACAN’S TLAJINGA DISTRICT, 2012–2015

AbstractTeotihuacan's Tlajinga district is a cluster of neighborhoods on the southern periphery of the city best known for earlier investigations at Compound 33:S3W1. New research includes excavations at two other apartment compounds and along the southern extension of the Street of the Dead. Excavation contexts, major finds, chronology, and preliminary interpretations are the subject of this article. We highlight evidence attesting to a major obsidian-blade workshop at Compound 17:S3E1, offerings, and other features at that compound and Compound 18:S3E1, and the tempo and processes of urbanization viewed through well-recorded stratigraphic sequences of the compounds and the Street of the Dead. We conclude that significant occupation began in the Miccaotli phase, but it was not until some point in the Early Tlamimilolpa phase that the dominant housing type became apartment compounds; the continuation of the axis of Street of the Dead in the district was accomplished by excavating in the volcanic tuft substrate (tepetate) and could have been undertaken by the inhabitants of the district themselves; and the presence of items such as a sculpted stone face, marine shell, and polychrome pottery demonstrates that commoners at Teotihuacan enjoyed some access to finer items within the interregional economy.

An Analysis on the Influencing Factors on the Sales Rates of Apartment Complexes - Focused on the Housing Characteristics of Apartment Unit Types

Since apartments were introduced in the 1960s, they have evolved into a dominant housing type in our society. In apartment development projects, the performance such as the sales rate is the important indicator of the success or failure of the project. Developers offers several types of apartment with different sizes and designs in an apartment complex to meet needs and tastes of various segments. Often, the sales rates vary depending on the apartment size and unit types in the same apartment complex. Taking this into account, this study analyzes the influence of apartment unit characteristics on the sales rate of apartment unit type. As a result, this study shows that the various characteristics such as real estate market and policy, location, complex and housing type characteristics affect the sales rate of apartment unit type. This study confirms the real estate market and policy, location, complex characteristics influence the sales rate of apartment unit type. Especially, among the characteristics of apartment unit type, the proportion of exclusive use has a negative impact on the sales rate of apartment unit type. On the other hand, the size of balcony, the number of bay, &#4352;-shaped kitchen layout, individual heating system and flat-type apartment building have positive effects on sales rate of apartment unit type.

Resilience and housing markets: Who is it really for?

Ten years after the Global Financial Crisis, this research examines how resilience theory and rhetoric relating to the economy and housing markets has been translated into policy and practice. The methodology involves a case study of a city (Auckland) with a nationally dominant housing market and high unaffordability. Via secondary literature and a series of interviews we analyse questions connected to resilience from what, how, by whom, and discuss the implications and limits of the approach. The research demonstrates that resilience policies have focused on providing institutional stability to shock, rather than adaptation or transformation to a state that is less exposed to the systemic risks associated with flows of global capital, debt, and speculative activity. This is related to how the whole concept is vaguely defined. In the absence of guidance, institutions reinterpret resilience in a way that underpins existing market and regulatory logics, such as by increasing capital reserves or lending ratios. As a consequence, the dominant political economy, selected institutions, and to an extent, existing homeowners and speculative investors are privileged in resilience policy. By bringing these selectivities and limits to light we argue for a shift in focus away from an institutional frame to one with a deeper understanding of both the balance of an economy and the wider forces that create and reproduce housing markets.

From a culture of homeownership to generation rent: housing discourses of young adults in Spain

ABSTRACTAcross many advanced economies, changing housing dynamics have destabilized traditional adulthood transitions. This article examines how such transformations, especially in the aftermath of the economic crisis, affect fundamental societal expectations and aspirations surrounding tenure choices and home leaving. Through a series of discussion groups and interviews among young adults in Spain – a salient context of embedded homeownership culture – the study reveals how the crisis has undermined life-course transitions and upended discourses surrounding tenure norms. Homeownership has transformed from a dominant symbol of stability and security to one of dispossession and financial risk. Conversely, where pre-crisis discourses dismissed rental, the tenure is portrayed as providing more security in the face of necessary flexibility. Our research reveals that, although traditional ‘homeownership culture’ has not disappeared from the collective imaginary and appears nuanced by social class, it has become increasingly detached from leaving the parental home. The paper exposes the extent to which dominant housing discourses may be upended even within the context of a particularly embedded Southern European homeowner society. We contend that when housing dynamics are coupled with underlying transformations in aspirations and norms, there may be significant societal outcomes.

Portrayals of the tiny house in electronic media: challenging or reproducing the Australian dream home

ABSTRACTThe Australian home is embedded within social norms that align the ideal dwelling with the large detached suburban house and mass-consumption. In this paper, we present a Foucauldian discourse analysis of Australian electronic media representations of the tiny house to better understand how this dwelling type might challenge the normalisation of the Australian dream home. Our analysis suggests that the tiny house is a crucial site both for contesting and normalising sets of ideas that constitute the Australian dream home. Those advocating for tiny house living tap into narratives of ‘less is more’ and ‘debt free living’ that trouble dominant Australian housing social norms by generating material spaces that suggest affinities with affordability, slower-paced off-grid living, and enhanced sustainability. Yet, the electronic media representation of the tiny house simultaneously reproduces dominant housing social norms around luxury (even ‘in nature’) and a still unfettered material consumption. To conclude we draw out the broad implications of these contradictory media representations of the tiny house for Australian planners.

Resistance is fertile: exploring tiny house practices in Australia

ABSTRACTFor many Australians, the current crisis in housing affordability and availability has created an impasse in relation to the dream of home ownership. Having begun in America in the 1990s and emerged relatively recently in Australia, the tiny house movement is largely positioned as a direct response to this crisis. Currently, there is little research on the motivations of those in the movement who are living in a tiny house on wheels (or THOW) or other unregulated tiny house options. Based on a qualitative multi-methodological study involving a number of Australian tiny house dwellers, builders and advocates, this paper examines Australian tiny housing trends like the THOW that are outside of current regulations, focusing on how they are lived and experienced among obvious grey areas in current planning, building and housing codes. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, it draws on multiple conceptual perspectives to open out a discussion that moves beyond affordability and availability discourses to argue that such tiny house trends also represent different resistant and spatialising practices within the dominant housing model, creating politically autonomous zones. Offering a novel morphology of informal architecture, I further suggest that these resistant practices invite the development of different planning approaches and practices.

Bricolage in Collaborative Housing in Finland: Combining Resources for Alternative Housing Solutions

ABSTRACT Finnish collaborative housing projects are in an experimental stage. These projects are trying to push the conventional practices of housing production into a new shape in order to realize their schemes in the housing market dominated by large construction companies. This paper aims to shed light on the resident groups’ resources in a context where resident-driven projects are rare. We apply the concept of bricolage to analyse three collaborative housing projects in Finland. Our analysis highlights that the residents refused to enact limitations imposed by the dominant housing market and examines how this was made possible. The cases we studied were successful for two interconnected reasons: (1) because of the capabilities of the residents; and (2) the professional allies they had. We argue that analyses framed by bricolage can help better understand the local contexts with their real and presumed constraints, and offer a possibility for international comparison of collaborative housing.

Increased house size can cancel out the effect of improved insulation on overall heating energy requirements

Stand-alone single-family dwellings are the dominant housing type in several countries. The floor-area of the average stand-alone dwelling has been increasing faster than the floor-area of the average apartment/flat/row-house in England, Australia, Canada, the USA and New Zealand. Standalone dwellings have a greater external heat transfer area than multiple family dwellings, for the same floor-area. Larger dwellings require more energy to heat than smaller dwellings insulated to the same level. Although insulation requirements have been increasing, the heating required to maintain newer larger stand-alone dwellings to a constant temperature can be similar to that required to heat older smaller stand-alone dwellings. Building regulations should be future-proofed by considering trends in dwelling size.

Housing choices in later life as unclaimed forms of housing activism

ABSTRACTThis paper explores how housing choices over a lifetime produce under-recognised and unclaimed forms of housing activism. It is based on qualitative interviews with two individuals in their sixties, living in intergenerational communities in the South of England. I argue that their stories of their housing choices and their future housing plans resist dominant housing discourses, particularly as they relate to ageing, and they illuminate a number of under-recognised elements of housing activism. Using Clapham’s housing pathway concept, I describe their narratives of decision-making about where and how to live over their life time to show their agency and their resistance to norms of housing consumption in later life, which are key elements of housing activism. Whilst interviewees recognised the political nature of their housing choices, neither claimed the term ‘housing activist’ nor used the term in their narratives and I argue that this may be because their forms of housing activism were interwoven with domestic and caring needs, emotional experiences, intermittent commitment and ageing identities. Their housing pathways and life stories support emerging theories of activism that broaden definitions from public to private spaces and challenge stereotypes of older people’s involvement in housing activism.

Reasoning behind Choices: Rationality and Social Norms in Housing Market Behaviour

The main objective of this paper is to draw attention to the influence of social norms on housing market behaviour. The research is based on in-depth qualitative study of first-time buyers in the Czech Republic. We found systemic deviations from economically rational behaviour (as defined by mainstream housing economic theory) that stem from influence of dominant housing social norm about ‘right’ housing tenure. We show how influence of social norm constrains financial, pragmatic, utility- or investment-based considerations of Czech home-buyers. Sociology can thus significantly contribute to recent econometric research about sources of housing market instability.

Reasoning behind choices: rationality and social norms in the housing market behaviour of first-time buyers in the Czech Republic

The main objective of this paper is to draw attention to the influence of social norms on housing market behaviour. The research is based on an in-depth qualitative study of first-time buyers in the Czech Republic. We found systemic deviations from economically rational behaviour (as defined by mainstream housing economic theory) that stem from the influence of a dominant housing social norm about what constitutes the ‘right’ housing tenure. We show how the influence of a social norm constrains financial, pragmatic, utility- or investment-based considerations of Czech home-buyers. Sociology can thus significantly contribute to recent econometric research about sources of housing market instability.

Towards a sustainable plan for new tube houses in Vietnam

In Vietnam, the history of cities can easily be seen through their urban patterns, landscapes and housing typologies. Most recently, the economic reform in 1986 has resulted in huge impact on the Vietnamese society. The rapid economic growth and privatisation of the market has resulted in the appearance and significant development of the “new tube house” which soon became the most dominant housing type in Vietnam. Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam, has a long history and also is very rich in architectural styles and typologies which are reflected in its urban pattern. However, there is no actual clear boundary in urban scale as the new tube houses are scattered all over the city and they are adapted differently to the contexts. This paper aims to investigate how the traditional urban tube houses in Hanoi transformed into the new tube house and, on the other hand, present the results of a survey conducted in Vietnam on how these houses respond to the Vietnam local climate and perform in terms of energy consumption.