Dominant Frame Of Reference Research Articles

How Foucault Got Rid of (Bossy) Marxism

ABSTRACT Foucault distanced himself from Marxism even though he worked in an environment—left French theory of the 1960s and 1970s—where Marxism was the dominant frame of reference. By viewing Foucault in the context of French Marxist theoretical debates of his day, we can connect his criticisms of Marxism to his discussions of the status of intellectuals. Foucault viewed standard Marxist approaches to the role of intellectuals as a problem of power and knowledge applicable to the Communist party. Marxist party intellectuals, in his view, had developed rigid and universal theories and had used them to prescribe action, which prevented work on the sorts of problems that he uncovered—even though these problems were central to the development of capitalism.

Muslim Cultural Decline in Imperial Russia: A Manufactured Crisis

Since the first three decades of the twentieth century, the Islamic history of the Volga-Ural region has been based, for the most part, on a modernist narrative in which the dominant frame of reference for understanding these Muslim communities has been an ethno-national framework, focused, above all, on the role of the Tatar bourgeoisie in promoting Islamic reformism and Islamic modernism. The main sources for this framework have been the political writings of the Jadids, Islamic reformists and modernists who later became engaged the mass-movement politics, beginning in 1905 and continuing through the Russian civil war and the first decade of Soviet power. A central feature of the Jadid narrative, which has carried over into the historiography, has been that Muslim society, particularly in Russia’s Volga-Ural region, was facing a crisis brought about by the supposed failure of its traditional Islamic institutions in the face of a modernizing Russia. An examination of non-Jadid Islamic sources from this era, however, brings the “crisis” narrative into question.

Watching Pink Reality TV

In the post-socialist, post-war, neo-liberal, commercial media landscape in the former Yugoslavia, ethno-national, heterosexual femininity continues to be a dominant frame of reference. This article explores how the portrayal of gender is closely connected to ethno-nationalism on one of the most popular reality TV shows, The Palace, produced by the Serbian commercial broadcaster Pink TV. We analyse how female audiences in Bosnia and Herzegovina read and interpret the show and its main celebrity, the Slovene participant Urška. We argue that the different reading positions of audience groups reinforce the hegemony of a specific type of neo-liberal femininity.

A contract-law perspective on legal cases in financial reporting:The Netherlands, 1880–1970

This paper proposes a framework for the historical analysis of judicial decisions in financial reporting that may provide a basis for comparative research in the historical relation between the law and accounting. It is suggested that contract law may have been the dominant legal domain in which such judicial decisions were taken. To illustrate the approach, an analysis is presented of the development of judicial decisions on financial reporting in the Netherlands from the late nineteenth century to the second half of the twentieth century. It is found that contract law provided the dominant frame of reference for financial reporting cases. The overall development of contract law explains why, in substance, it was difficult for interested parties to challenge accounting policy choice in court. A tentative comparative conclusion is that this substantive position was quite comparable to that arrived at in the UK, despite the different legal setting. Further research should investigate whether the predominance of a contract-law view of financial reporting led to greater similarities in the legal understanding of financial reporting across the civil-law/common-law divide than is commonly supposed.

Aggressiver Lokalismus: Undergroundästhetik, Antiurbanismus und Regionsbehauptung bei Andrzej Stasiuk und Jurij Andruchovyč

Abstract This essay discusses the phenomenon of “aggressive localism” in literary works by Andrzej Stasiuk and Jurij Andruchovyč. The former is characterized by anti-urbanism, underground aesthetic, and regional determinism. The Wende – as the revolutionary events of 1989/91 in East and Central Europe are commonly, if controversially, referred to in German – is used as metaphorical pivot. Across this rupture the city serves as the dominant frame of reference for (self-) interpretations of underground art, defined as a specifically all-embracing form of expression that seeks to subvert “official” claims about the city, i. e. spatial hierarchies. The city thus connects the marginally (sub-) urban with political dissent in the form of social nonconformity. Stasiuk and Andruchovyč intensely employ literary means derived from aesthetic patterns of underground art. Their characters envisage urban solitude and death, post-multicultural fissures in the (great) city. Yet, both narrators depict “their” respective city as a metropolitan village, as a place of a more local, even rural, of indeed pagan profile. At the same time, they use these patterns to praise the East Central European countryside as a “slow space”. In such manner, they appropriate a pre-Wende aesthetic strategy in order to produce structural aggressive fantasies of a re-ruralized “East”.

Supporting online collaboration: Drawing guidelines from an empirical study on E-Tutors

In the last two decades, the epistemic-engagement view has become the dominant frame of reference in the field of e-learning. In this view, learning is assumed to emerge from social interaction (Larreamendy-Joerns & Leinhardt, 2006). Literature indicates a number of potential interventions in order to make interaction possible and more effective. But little is known about the e-tutors’ beliefs and practices, e.g. how they intervene on the design and management of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) courses in order to foster learners’ social interaction and knowledge construction. In the framework of a European project, the present study investigated how and when e-tutors intervene in respect to support online collaboration in CSCL. The project was meant at providing ICT-practitioners with guiding principles drawn from empirical research in social psychology of education concerning the complex relationships between social interaction and cognitive activities. Results show that the importance of some cognitive and social processes (e.g., social dynamics, collaboration feedback, etc.) still appears to be in part neglected by e-tutors.

Introduction: Strategies for Regional Cooperation in the Mediterranean: Rethinking the Parameters of the Debate

This account maps out the key discourses and policies that shape the response of regional political actors to the ‘new terrorism’ associated with radical Islamist groups after 9/11. It details the dominant representations of international security before and after 9/11 in relation to an elusive notion of security community in the Mediterranean. In particular it stresses the dilemmas of securitization at the regional level in a context where the state system remains the dominant frame of reference for conceiving and organizing cooperation. Finally it highlights how the discourse on the ‘new terrorism’ creates a superficial agreement between states north and south of the Mediterranean but largely fails to recognize the different security dilemmas experienced by each state and does not meaningfully capture the dynamics of national and global jihadism.

Becoming an adult: negotiation of identities in Markovo village (Chukotka)

This article examines the attitudes of the indigenous people in Markovo, Chukotka, to their tradition and traditional knowledge as it relates to their becoming adult members in the community. Within the local cosmological system the opposition between the elders, who are considered as possessors of special knowledge, and the youngsters, who are seen as lacking it, creates certain tensions and determines the dynamics of individual development. A person who has entered her or his adulthood should accumulate special knowledge and power. In doing so, young adults begin to overcome the oppositional relationship between elders and youngsters. Markovo villagers associate such special knowledge and power with tradition. However, modern ways of life have become the dominant frame of reference, thus the position of youngsters toward tradition is not self-evident. They feel the need to negotiate their place in the community and their indigenous identity. Discussions about tradition play an important role in their at...

The difference between marketecture and tarchitecture

We can divide software systems architecturally along two broad dimensions. The first is the tarchitecture or technical architecture and the second is the marketecture or marketing I refer to the traditional software architect or chief technologist as the tarchitect and the product-marketing manager, business manager, or program manager responsible for the system as the marketect. The tarchitecture is the dominant frame of reference when developers think of a system's architecture. For software systems, it encompasses subsystems, interfaces, the distribution of processing responsibilities among processing elements, threading models, and so forth. In recent years, several authors, including Martin Fowler and Mary Shaw, have documented distinct tarchitecture styles or patterns, including client-server, pipeline, embedded systems, and blackboards. Our profession has begun to document how and when these various kinds of architectures are appropriate. It remains to be seen if we'll have the discipline to routinely leverage this knowledge.