This paper reports the complete setup of water atomisation machine designed to manufacture aluminium powder out of discarded aluminium metal in Nigeria. It is a study that evaluates the country’s dependence on imported aluminum powder and the economic effect its has on the country. The specially designed atomizers with high-pressure water supply, atomising nozzles, and tanks turn discarded aluminum scrap into powder in 45 seconds. The studies consist of iterative design optimization and parameter tuning, 82% conversion and aluminium powder manufactured with desired properties.Finite element analysis (FEA) checks the structure for integrity at high pressures; and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis explains thermal dynamics. The results are positive for the domestic aluminum market as it offers a long-term and affordable alternative for aluminum powder production.

Food companies in Mexico have evolved from producer unions and family businesses to economic groups and support organizations, expanding from regional to national operations and facing competition that demands the formulation of productivity strategies. This research focuses on the evolution of Grupo Lala, notable for its diverse product range in the national market and its continental presence. The objective is to describe the general organization and economic strategies employed by this Group to consolidate its position in the domestic market and expand internationally. A historical and analytical methodology was used, based on interpretive sources such as bibliography, the corporate website, and periodic and annual information published by the Mexican Stock Exchange. The results demonstrate the development and expansion of Grupo Industrial Lala, highlighting its financing strategies, government support through public policies, production with strict quality controls, supply chain, marketing, technological upgrades, transactions, and brand expansion. It is concluded that Grupo Industrial Lala successfully consolidated its position in the national market through vertical integration: marketing, industrialization, and distribution of its production. The concentration and centralization of its financial resources in the food market makes it a prosperous conglomerate.

The article presents the results of a study examining the potential for supplying agricultural and food products (particularly dairy) to Singapore’s domestic market. It establishes that Singapore’s food industry relies on food imports, and growing incomes and tourism make the country’s market attractive and competitive. Potential distribution channels for imported food are analyzed, and development trends are identified. Both the advantages and risks of supply chains are considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of foreign trade and the import of milk and dairy products into Singapore. Furthermore, the article discusses the legal aspects of food supply to the country.

This study systematically examines the evolution and driving factors of embodied CO 2 emission transfers in trade between Chinese provinces and ASEAN countries from 2002 to 2017. Employing a global multi-regional input–output (MRIO) model embedded with Chinese provincial data and structural decomposition analysis (SDA), we quantify the CO 2 emissions embodied in exports (EEE) from 30 Chinese provinces to 10 ASEAN member countries. The analysis explores temporal trends, provincial and sectoral distribution, export routes, and driving forces. The key findings are as follows: (1) As China-ASEAN economic ties have strengthened, China’s EEE to ASEAN have shown a sustained upward trend, with Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam being the primary recipients. Heavy industries such as electricity, metal smelting, non-metallic mineral products, and chemicals are the dominant sources of these embodied emissions. (2) Coastal provinces such as Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang have consistently served as major contributors to EEE. However, the contribution from several inland provinces has increased in later periods, revealing a spatial pattern of “coastal dominance and inland indirect participation” in interprovincial carbon transfer. (3) The export routes have shifted from predominantly international circulation toward a coexistence of domestic and international dual circulation, indicating the growing resilience of China’s domestic market and supply chains under the “dual circulation” strategy. (4) The expansion of final demand in ASEAN countries is identified as the primary driver behind China’s increasing EEE, whereas reductions in carbon intensity and structural upgrading of exports have partially offset the growth in emissions. This study highlights the importance of holistically considering inter-provincial disparities in emission transfers and advocates for improving regional and sectoral coordination in carbon mitigation policies, aiming to facilitate a green transition in China–ASEAN trade relations.

The article investigates the tendencies in the development of Ukraine’s foreign trade activity under the integration challenges of the 1990s–2000s, a period marked by the transition from a centrally planned economic model to a market-based system The relevance of the research lies in the need to comprehend the historical stages of the formation of national foreign economic policy and its role in shaping current trends in the trade and economic cooperation and the realization of the integration strategy. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the specific impact of the Soviet historical and institutional heritage, as well as certain political and economic factors, on the transformation of Ukraine’s foreign economic and integration policies after gaining independence. The theoretical framework of the study draws upon the concepts of economic integration, particularly regionalism, the path dependence approach, and transition economy theory. The research methodology is based on the application of a systemic approach, as well as problem–logical, comparative, and statistical analysis methods. It is argued that the collapse of production and trade chains following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, along with the inefficiency of Ukraine’s economic liberalization due to the low competitiveness of national producers and the underdevelopment of the domestic market, led to the reproduction of economic interdependence between Ukraine and Russia in the 1990s–2000s. This, in turn, preserved Russia’s politico-economic influence as that of the main consumer of Ukraine’s strategic exports and the monopolistic supplier of critical imports. The research identifies the key politico-economic determinants that constrained the diversification of Ukraine’s foreign trade relations and its economic integration with Europe during the 1990s–2000s. Among them are: the inertia of historically established trade and economic cooperation with Russia, and, consequently, the reproduction of the existing production structure; the systemic nature of Russian political pressure and manipulation; institutional hybridity (the aspiration toward European standards while retaining Soviet-era practices); the ideological and value ambivalence of Ukrainian society; and the insufficient political interest of the EU in Ukraine. Under these conditions, economic transformation failed to bring about deep structural changes in production, while the implementation of the European vector of foreign trade policy remained largely declarative and fragmented.

Amid Taiwan's growing domestic tourism market, understanding college students’ travel behavior toward tourism factories has become crucial for operators. Previous studies have primarily focused on experiences and satisfaction associated with tourism factories, yet have generally neglected a systematic investigation into how word of mouth influences the transformation process from behavioral intention to actual visit behavior among younger populations. Using the theory of planned behavior, this study investigates how word of mouth influences attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, further affecting behavioral intention and actual visit behavior. To explore the research objectives, data were collected from 161 college students who had previously visited tourism factories, and analyzed using the structural equation modeling method via Smart-PLS software. The results of the PLS-SEM analysis indicate that word of mouth exerts a significantly positive influence on college students' attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. In turn, these three variables significantly impact behavioral intention, demonstrating a strong positive effect on actual visit behavior. For college students' choices about where to travel, the importance of external social influences and practical considerations is greater than that of individual attitudes, which played a role in influencing behaviour, highlighting the important influence of word-of-mouth on decision-making again. Findings address the research gap in tourism factory studies targeting young consumers and provide managerial insights for developing marketing strategies. The results offer practical guidance for tourism factory operators to attract college students, contributing to strategic development in Taiwan's post-pandemic tourism industry.

The article presents the results of research on the current situation in the Russian vegetable growing industry, which make it possible to determine the trajectory of development of this important area of the domestic agro-industrial complex. The purpose of the study is to find methods and ways to effectively solve the current problems of farmers working in the field of vegetable growing. Research results: over the past few years, the Russian vegetable industry has recorded an increase in the gross harvest of vegetable crops, which made it possible to provide the domestic market with domestic products in the nomenclature group "vegetables and melons" by 80%. The Government of the country has developed and implemented a whole range of state support measures for the agricultural sector of the economy aimed at increasing the level of entrepreneurial activity, accelerating technological development processes, import substitution in the seed fund, increasing the export potential of the agricultural sector, and improving nutrition culture in Russian society. The relevance and necessity of developing the domestic agro-industrial complex in order to ensure food security and independence of the country in modern geopolitical conditions is beyond doubt.

Measuring airports’ ability to sustain the COVID-19 disruption in the Chinese domestic market: Considering the effect of low-cost carriers and high-speed rails

The impact of low-cost carriers on hybrid carriers: The case of the Australian domestic market

The article examines current trends in changing the qualification requirements of specialists in the financial sector. Changing geopolitical trends, shifting centers of gravity of the global economic space, the development of digitalization and financial digital platforms, and the features of the competence model of the domestic financial sector employee are leading to new challenges to their composition, structure, and complexity. Along with the traditional basic requirements for the level of knowledge, level of education, analytical and critical thinking skills, creativity and communicative characteristics, the modern development of the domestic labor market leads to the need to expand and enrich the traditional interpretation of the qualification model of a specialist. The article notes that the need to constantly improve the level of knowledge and adapt to market requirements leads to the practice of more flexible recognition of skill levels, combining education, experience, income and a range of competencies, in particular, which are manifested in the possibility of end–to–end use in different, interacting countries. The comparison of the considered characteristics of the complexity of professional competencies is also carried out, both from the point of view of the employer and from the point of view of the employee.

Introduction. Geopolitical and geoeconomic tensions caused by the US tariff claims are noted by experts as destructive for the norms of trade policy and bilateral relations. In these conditions, each country builds its own strategy for defending economic sovereignty, often using methods of protectionism and protection of national entrepreneurship. The purpose of the study is to analyze the trade confrontation between the US and Japan, the Republic of Korea and Vietnam, identify the main tools used by the parties to protect national economic interests and develop recommendations for taking this experience into account by Ukraine. Materials and methods. The research is based on domestic and foreign scientific sources; official statistical data were used: State Statistics Service of Ukraine, International Trade Centre, WTO. Using statistical and economic analysis, the dynamics of bilateral trade between the United States and the specified countries were calculated and analyzed. General scientific methods of cognition were also used: analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization, logical approach. Results and discussion. It analyzes how governments have responded by implementing policies aimed at: increasing domestic industrial production and reducing trade dependence on unstable conditions, chains and partners, coordinating actions with key trading partners and within existing bilateral and multilateral alliances. The foreign experience of introducing protective measures in individual Asian countries to counter tariff threats from the new American administration was studied, the characteristic features in the application of traditional and specific measures to support national producers in these countries were identified, and the need to strengthen industrial policy, coordinated with the policy in the field of international trade relations, was proven, using the example of the above-mentioned countries, in order to create an effective regulatory environment and improve the conditions for conducting economic activities of enterprises. Conclusions. The study develops an understanding of the policies of protecting entrepreneurship and the domestic market of countries that promptly respond to the global trade war with specific mechanisms that combine instruments and compensatory measures.

The purpose of the research. The article examines the issues of tax incentives for Russia's technological independence in the context of small technology companies (STCs). The volumes of expenditure on research and development, shipped innovative products, and federal budget allocations for the 2026–2028 budget cycle are analyzed. The article identifies key issues related to tax incentives for the country's technological independence, aimed at ensuring technological leadership in the development and use of technologies and competitive high-tech products for the purposes of export or substitution of obsolete technologies in the domestic market and achieving superiority over foreign analogues. Conclusions. In 2024, the annual turnover of 5,700 Russian STCs exceeded 1.1 trillion rubles, or 0,6% of GDP. Tax incentives have a positive impact on the innovative activity of STCs and contribute to the achievement of Russia's technological independence.

Handicraft activities are mostly done by women, especially in rural areas of Kashmir. They are engaged in various craft activities such as embroidery, shawls, crewels, paper machie 1 and carpets. The position and status of Kashmiri women artisans have been a matter of great concern for the last few decades. The New Economic Policy results in the free flow of machine-made goods in the domestic market, which results in the extreme marginalization and deprivation of women artisans in the handicraft sector (Majeed, 2018, American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences , 25 [1], 129–135). This article focuses on gaining deeper insights into the real-life situations of women artisans in the Pulwama district of Kashmir. The purposive sampling was employed for identifying the women artisans concentrated in various villages of the Pulwama district. The selection of the participants from villages was done through snowball sampling. In the present study, 15 women artisans associated with manufacturing different handicraft products were interviewed. The collected data were analysed and interpreted carefully. The themes that emerged after the data set were interpreted thematically include problems and challenges faced by women artisans, exploitation and political conflict. The findings showed that women artisans in Kashmir are suffering extreme deprivation and poverty as a result of political conflict, the closure of the Kashmir valley after the removal of Article 370, and restrictions imposed as a result of COVID-19.

Introduction The Nigerian construction industry has experienced significant growth in recent years, driven by government investments in infrastructures and a surge in private sector activities. This led to the emergence of construction organizations with enhanced capabilities, positioning them for expansion beyond the domestic market, hence this study. This paper examines the resources and capabilities of construction organizations in Nigeria to export their services across borders into West African countries with a view to minimizing economic loss in the region. Method With a quantitative research approach, a well-structured questionnaire was employed to collect data from 103 construction organizations including eight architectural, 47 engineering, nine estate surveying and valuation, 22 quantity surveying; and 17 contracting firms located in Lagos and Abuja. Data reported in this paper were analyzed using mean score, analysis of variance and factor analysis. Results The results revealed that the top ranked resources and capabilities ranked as significant requirement for exporting services into West African markets is business reputation and trust (M = 4.04). This is followed by human capital (M = 3.94), organizational and operational structure (M = 3.94) and information about a market (M = 3.87). Discussion/Conclusion The study concludes that reputation, trust, personnel, organization structure and market information are essential requirements for construction organizations to export services into the West African markets.

Digital inclusive finance utilizes digital technology and financial innovation to provide financial services for enterprises, and competitiveness is the embodiment of a country's comprehensive national power such as the level of technology and innovation. This paper selects the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020 to explore the impact of digital finance on international trade competitiveness. It is found that digital finance and international trade competitiveness show a positive correlation, i.e., the development of digital finance is conducive to the improvement of international trade competitiveness. The level of technological innovation and industrial structure shows a positive correlation with international trade competitiveness, which is conducive to the improvement of the country's trade competitiveness, but the level of development of the domestic market and the level of urbanization shows a negative correlation with international trade competitiveness, which is not conducive to the enhancement of international trade competitiveness to a certain extent, but the degree of negative influence is relatively weak. Finally, this paper puts forward relevant suggestions from the aspects of promoting the development of digital finance, encouraging scientific and technological innovation and promoting industrial advancedization to promote the development of digital finance, so as to enhance China's international trade competitiveness.

Despite Türkiye’s high agricultural potential, consumer interest in organic foods remains limited. Understanding the motivations of Turkish consumers who prefer organic foods is crucial for expanding the domestic organic market. This research aims to explain consumers’ attitudes and purchasing behaviors toward organic agricultural products by utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Value-Belief-Norm (VBN) theories and examining the impact of health, environmental, economic, and social motivations on these attitudes and behaviors. Research data were obtained from online surveys conducted with 952 adult consumers across Türkiye. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling was used in the analysis of the data. Research results show that females purchase more organic agricultural products than males, and consumer aged 36 and over purchase more organic agricultural products than those aged 18–25. In the research, health-related, environmental, economic, and social motivations were found to be statistically significant in terms of consumer attitudes. It has been determined that social motivations are statistically significant in the purchasing behavior of organic agricultural products. The results show that a positive attitude towards organic agricultural products has been formed, but only social motivations can motivate consumers to purchase. The results indicate that the attitude and perceived behavioral control dimensions of the TPB, when considered in conjunction with the value- and norm-based explanations of the VBN, provide a more holistic explanation of organic product consumption. These findings highlight the importance of developing marketing strategies that center on social motivations and value-based communication. Furthermore, Turkish consumers’ economic constraints and product price differences also influence their purchasing decisions. In this context, incentives for low-income groups, such as discount campaigns and promotions, are recommended.

The deepening development of the digital economy has made internet celebrity marketing the core path for brands to reach users. According to the "2025 China Internet Celebrity Marketing Solution Industry Report" by Boyan Consulting, the domestic market size will reach 680 billion yuan in 2024. However, the traditional model relies on traffic indicators such as exposure and clicks, ignores emotional appeals, and leads to pain points such as "high traffic, low conversion" and "weak user stickiness". Big data technology provides a path to crack pain points, mining users' multi scenario emotional tendencies through sentiment analysis, and helping them achieve the transformation from "traffic driven" to "emotion driven". This paper combs the integration status quo, clarifies the emotional analysis technology links (data collection, tagging, modeling), refines three core strategies, and analyzes their applications in live video delivery, short video operation, and brand reputation maintenance by using the literature research method in combination with Taobao Live emotional monitoring, Tiktok content emotional adaptation and other cases. To address the challenges of noise data accounting for 40% (supported by IDC), emotional ambiguity, and privacy compliance, optimization paths such as multimodal fusion, privacy computing, and industry standards are proposed. Research has confirmed that sentiment analysis helps internet celebrities and brands accurately capture demand, driving conversion rates to increase by 12% -20% (HypeAuditor 2024 Internet Celebrity Marketing Insights Report), providing support for their sustainable development.

Cardiac arrhythmias are currently among the most likely causes of sudden death. Conducting research on the pharmaceutical market of drugs used for the pharmacotherapeutic correction of arrhythmias allows us to assess not only their clinical efficacy and safety, but also economic, regulatory, and innovation aspects that affect the availability and quality of therapy. The aim of this work is to research the market of antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs), aimed at improving pharmaceutical developments and meeting patient needs in the context of global epidemiological and economic challenges. Materials and methods. To analyze the assortment structure of AADs, information from the State Register of Medicinal Products of Ukraine, the National List of Essential Medicines; open statistical resources of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine; tabletki.ua and online data of pharmacy chains, instructions for medical use of drugs was used. Results. The AADs market in Ukraine has a sufficient range for the treatment of arrhythmias of various origins, which is confirmed by the presence of 63 drugs under 14 international non-proprietary names. The largest market share is occupied by selective beta-adrenergic blockers and class III drugs, which indicates their high clinical demand. However, in terms of dosage forms, the market includes only oral (76.2 %) and injectables. The vast majority of antiarrhythmic drugs on the domestic market are monocomponent drugs, which allows doctors to flexibly select individual treatment regimens for patients. Conclusions. To ensure better access to pharmacotherapy for cardiac arrhythmias, it is necessary to expand the range, especially in groups with fewer drugs, and to stimulate the development of new, more effective agents, considering clinical needs and current international guidelines. A significant proportion of AADs is included in the State Formulary and the National List of Essential Medicines, which increases their availability to the population. However, to further increase accessibility, the list of drugs included in the “Affordable Medicines” program should be expanded, as well as reimbursement mechanisms for innovative and expensive antiarrhythmic drugs should be introduced. The development of new innovative application dosage forms, for example with amiodarone, could improve bioavailability, patient compliance, and safety of therapy, contributing to better heart rhythm control without significant risk of complications, as noted in current clinical guidelines.

Introduction The presentation outlines Japan's policy trends towards realizing a hydrogen society, the current adoption status of fuel cells, and NEDO(New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization)'s research and development projects aimed at expanding the adoption of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies. Japan’s Policy on Hydrogen The Japanese government has actively pursued efforts to establish a hydrogen-based society to address various social agendas such as energy security and climate change. The "Basic Hydrogen Strategy," completed in 2017, initially aimed to advance hydrogen technology and establish a domestic market ahead of global trends. However, recognizing evolving social conditions, the government updated the strategy in June 2023 to expand into overseas markets while continuing to develop the domestic market. Furthermore, in order to promote the early supply and use of low-carbon hydrogen, the “Hydrogen Society Promotion Act” was implemented in October 2024.This strategy serves as both an action plan to achieve targets by 2030 and a vision for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. It integrates policies across ministries from hydrogen production to utilization, with a goal to reduce hydrogen costs to parity with conventional energy. Targets include expanding hydrogen consumption to approximately 3 million tons annually by 2030, 12 million tons by 2040, and 20 million tons by 2050. NEDO ActivitiesｰStatus of R&D Project Based on this, NEDO, as one of Japan's largest public agencies for promoting national R&D projects, is driving comprehensive research, development, and demonstration efforts spanning hydrogen production, storage, transportation, and utilization. NEDO has been publishing “Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technology Development Roadmaps” since 2005 so that industries, academias and governments can share a long-term perspective and work on innovative technology development. In the "Fuel Cells for FCV and HDV" field, the roadmap was revised in February 2025. In the "Water Electrolysis" field, technological development issues were organized in preparation for the formulation of the roadmap and began to be published in February 2023. An updated version was published this spring, including a revision for Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC).Specific initiatives regarding Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) include the development of fundamental technologies for advanced evaluation and analysis of cells and stacks aimed at long-term durability and high-efficiency operation. In addition, development of high-efficiency proton-conducting ceramic cells and development of versatile applications like drones are included.For Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), NEDO is advancing technologies for electrolysis systems to utilize unused low-temperature waste heat from factories and facilities for hydrogen production and utilization models within local regions. Additionally, efforts are underway to develop SOEC co-electrolysis systems for efficiently producing synthetic gases needed for synthetic liquid fuels and methane production.

Objective: To identify the links that integrate the production-distribution-consumption chain of the Malaysian prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Mexico. Design/methodology/approach: The survey method, semi-structured interview, and open-ended questions were used to learn about the origin and destination of the product, installed technological capacity, production volumes, purchase and sale prices, supply and demand characteristics, as well as the perception of product quality, which was carried out through the “mystery customer” technique. Results: Imports are the origin and driving force of the M. rosenbergii prawn market in Mexico, mainly in the markets of Mexico City (La Nueva Viga) and Zapopan, Jalisco (Mercado del Mar), which concentrate more than 80% of the domestic market through a network of importers, wholesalers, retailers and restaurateurs, mainly. Aquaculture production is incipient, with two farms and two programs promoted by academic institutions. Limitations on study/implications: This study was a first effort to understand the structure and components of the M. rosenbergii prawn market in Mexico. It focuses on descriptive work that will serve as a basis for future research. Findings/conclusions: There are international marketing companies that stockpile the product and introduce it into the domestic market; this import reaches large supply centers and is then distributed to retail markets and supermarkets. This marketing chain is a motivating factor for inducing domestic production of the M. rosenbergii prawn.