Domain Of Women Research Articles

What can PrEP do for female sex workers? Unpacking the “effectosphere” of biomedical HIV prevention in Dar es Salaam

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a drug with the power to prevent HIV transmission. This study delved into the broader implications of PrEP use among female sex workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, a group disproportionately affected by HIV and socio-structural challenges. Through 46 in-depth interviews with 40 women who were either former or current PrEP users or intended to start PrEP between January 2021 and February 2022, we sought to explore the nuanced effects of PrEP. Inspired by Whyte et al. and “Social Life of Medicines”, we asked what PrEP could do in the lives of female sex workers and analyzed the data using reflexive thematic analysis and an interpretative phenomenological approach. We found that PrEP had multiple and diverse effects in many domains of women's lives and refer to these collectively as the “effectosphere” of PrEP. The study identifies four key themes that jointly describe this effectosphere: (1) PrEP could promote human flourishing and empowerment by facilitating a feeling of freedom and confidence which could promote health, social relations, and economic and work opportunities, (2) PrEP could inflict harm (and fears of such harms), partially reflecting medical mistrust rooted in an understanding that sex workers were undesired in society, (3) PrEP could expose sensitive information about its users that could lead to stigma, arguments and needs for elaborate explanations, and (4) PrEP could medicalize daily life, evidenced through daily pill taking, clinical appointments, side-effects, becoming reliant on the medication, and the challenges of integrating PrEP use with other life priorities. We argue that investigating the full effectosphere of any medicine in particular geographic and sociocultural contexts can lead to a better understanding of its use and non-use, highlighting that engaging with medication extends beyond just “taking a pill.”

Penerapan Metode Prototype pada Sistem Pemesanan Jasa dan Produk Berbasis Mobile Sebagai Upaya Untuk Meningkatkan dan Memperluas Jangkauan Layanan

The rapid development of science and technology has had a significant impact on various aspects of life, including the way people carry out their daily activities. Beauty salons are now not only the domain of women but also in demand by men so that customer satisfaction is increasingly prioritized. To improve service and operational efficiency, an Android-based booking application was designed that allows customers to make reservations without having to come directly to the salon. The use of this application aims to minimize time and facilitate the management of transactions and customer data by the salon. This booking application was built using a prototype method that allows iterative application development based on user feedback. This method was chosen to ensure that the application can better meet user needs and be adjusted based on input received during the development process. The result of this research is a booking application that makes it easy for users to order services and products online anytime and anywhere, and helps Ellma Salon manage customer and order data more efficiently. This application is expected to be an effective solution to the problems faced by Ellma Salon, increase customer satisfaction, and expand the range of salon services

Promoting men-inclusive maternity services: exploring the expectations, experiences and needs of men as fathers

AimThis study aimed to explore the ‘real time’ expectations, experiences and needs of men who attend maternity services to inform the development of strategies to enhance men’s inclusion.MethodsA qualitative descriptive design was adopted for the study. Semi-structured face-to-face or telephone interviews were conducted with 48 men attending the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital before and after their partner gave birth. Data were coded and analysed thematically.ResultsMost respondents identified their role as a support person rather than a direct beneficiary of maternity services. They expressed the view that if their partner and baby’s needs were met, their needs were met. Factors that contributed to a positive experience included the responsiveness of staff and meeting information needs. Factors promoting feelings of inclusion were being directly addressed by staff, having the opportunity to ask questions, and performing practical tasks associated with the birth.ConclusionAdopting an inclusive communication style promotes men’s feelings of inclusion in maternity services. However, the participants’ tendency to conflate their needs with those of their partner suggests the ongoing salience of traditional gender role beliefs, which view childbirth primarily as the domain of women.

Gender, religion and politics: a qualitative analysis on the role of women to a sustainable quality of work-life (QWL)

Purpose Employability skills have transformed from the acquisition of university degrees to possessions of cognate skills other than only degrees that can help employees secure employment in contemporary work environments. This study evaluates essential skills that will prepare millennia of youths and graduates for employment in the present job market. The study investigated four major hypotheses to underscore the employability opportunities of graduates in challenging 21st-century work environments.Design/methodology/approach To clearly gain an understanding of women’s disparity in society, the study employed a qualitative approach to evaluate the incidence of gender prejudice in a men’s dominant world. The study utilised two distinguished sampling strategies, purposive and snowballing sampling techniques, which were deemed suitable and useful due to the nature of the study. The study recruited 42 participants by conducting semi-structured interview sessions for the study. The study employed a deductive approach to analyse the data obtained from participants. A thematic content analysis was used to take away prejudice and establish an overarching impression of the interviewed data. Atlas.ti was used to analyse the transcribed interview data from the participants to establish common themes from the surveyed informants.Findings The results of this investigation indicated that there is a deep-rooted trend of institutionalised men’s dominance in politics and religious leadership. Women perceived less representation and men dominated the two domains of existence in their local environment. The study established that women are optimistic about a turnaround narrative on gender equality in politics and religious leadership. They expressed their concern about strengthened public debate and campaigns on women’s representation, and against gender discrimination. The study further shows that women are influencing the ethical and moral sense for change against women’s neglect in society. They expressed their concerns against the selection of people into political offices for elected political posts and observed the peculiarity of political godfathers fixing their favourite men into those offices.Originality/value The study discovered that women are leading campaigns for their representation in politics as well as church leadership today. The novelty of this study bothering around two domains of women’s lives – politics and religion, in particular, church leadership. These have not been evidence before in a study.

Sex after Technology: The Rhetoric of Health Monitoring Apps and the Reversal of Roe v. Wade

ABSTRACT The convergence of artificial intelligence technologies with the growth of Christo-fascist movements in the United States presents an alarming threat to women’s health, especially considering known privacy violations by the major players—all in the shadow of the US Supreme Court’s reversal of Roe v. Wade. These violations are ethotic; that is, they betray information that has been mined algorithmically to construct “user models,” bits and pieces of which are sold or otherwise circulated without true “user” consent or cooperation. Such models are best understood as algorithmic ethopoeia, mathematized representations of individuals charted as matrices of commodified categories for commercial trafficking, but also for politicians and law enforcement. Taking inspiration from abolitionist tools for resisting intersectional racism, and incorporating data feminism, we offer six categories of design heuristics to respect and maintain ethopoeic integrity, especially in the domain of women’s health in a post-Roe technological landscape, using a fundamental rhetorical concept to serve designers, as well as critics and activists.

Association of optimism and social support with health-related quality of life among Australian women cancer survivors - A cohort study.

Large-scale studies investigating health-related quality of life (HRQL) in cancer survivors are limited. This study aims to investigate HRQL and its relation to optimism and social support among Australian women following a cancer diagnosis. Data were from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, a large cohort study (n=14,715; born 1946-51), with 1428 incident cancer cases ascertained 1996-2017 via linkage to the Australian Cancer Database. HRQL was measured using the Short Form-36 (median 1.7 years post-cancer-diagnosis). Multivariable linear regression was performed on each HRQL domain, separately for all cancers combined, major cancer sites, and cancer-free peers. Higher optimism and social support were significantly associated with better HRQL across various domains in women with and without a cancer diagnosis (p<0.05). Mean HRQL scores across all domains for all cancer sites were significantly higher among optimistic versus not optimistic women with cancer (p<0.05). Adjusting for sociodemographic and other health conditions, lower optimism was associated with reduced scores across all domains, with greater reductions in mental health (adjusted mean difference (AMD)=-11.54, p<0.01) followed by general health (AMD=-11.08, p<0.01). Social support was less consistently related to HRQL scores, and following adjustment was only significantly associated with social functioning (AMD=-7.22, p<0.01) and mental health (AMD=-6.34, p<0.01). Our findings highlight a strong connection between optimism, social support, and HRQL among cancer survivors. Providing psychosocial support and addressing behavioral and socioeconomic factors and other health conditions associated with optimism and social support may improve HRQL.

Gender dynamics of the impact of cash transfer on female educational expenditure of informal settlements in Bangladesh

Gender-biased educational investment remains a critical issue for vulnerable households. Despite increased female enrolment in the past decade, motivation to invest on female education remains low. Resource scarcity and low woman empowerment are two major reasons of low educational expenditure on female children of a vulnerable household. As the most vulnerable households in a society, informal settlers (slum households) are supposed to spend less on female children. However, whether there is any gender bias in informally settled households’ spending on education remains a question. Further, Cash Transfer (CT) programs provide resources to vulnerable households for investing on human capital elements like education. This study aims to examine three research questions: whether a informally settled household’s spending on education is gender biased, whether the households in which women receive CT spend more for female education than those in which women do not receive CT, and finally whether the impact of female receipt of CT differs from that of male receipt of CT in terms of female education expenditure. As the assignment of female access to CT is not randomized, the simple comparison between the treated and untreated suffers from selection bias. We employ propensity score matching (PSM) as an identification strategy to address selection bias. Inverse probability weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) has been applied as a robustness check. The study's policy implications highlight the significance for policymakers in the domains of women's education, empowerment, and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals.

Sexual effects of commonly used recreational psychostimulants in women and the female rat model.

Recreational psychostimulants have been associated with increased sexual activity or changes in sexual function in women, but every drug in this class has not shown consistent sexual effects in scientific studies. Further, some studies in female animal models may recapitulate the effects observed in humans, while others produce conflicting results. Overall, though, published studies on the sexual effects of recreational stimulants in women are lacking. The objective of this manuscript was to review the published sexual effects of prominent recreational psychostimulants in women and in the female rat model. Literature searches for "any years" were performed through PubMed and Google Scholar. Keywords for the searches included "amphetamine," "methamphetamine," "MDMA," "ecstasy," "3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine," "cocaine," "caffeine," "sex," "sexual," "female," and "women." Studies in humans and using animal models were included. Older studies have shown that amphetamine produces a positive sexual effect in women, but often the sample size was too small to draw generalizable conclusions. Methamphetamine also has a positive effect on several sexual domains in women, as well as on vaginal lubrication. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine may have a negative or positive effect on sexual activity, but often enhances the sensual aspects of sex. Though low doses of cocaine may heighten the sexual experience, most women who use cocaine experience negative sexual effects. Caffeine has been shown to enhance a physiological measure of arousal, vaginal blood flow, but based on our searches, no studies have investigated the subjective sexual effects of the drug. Different recreational psychostimulants produce varying effects on sexual behavior and responses in women and female animal models, but more research is needed to understand these effects better.

Investigating Unhealthy Behaviors Associated with SF-36 Domains in Women with Endometriosis-Findings from a Web-Based Survey Data Set.

Unhealthy behaviors may contribute to the development and the progression of chronic diseases with negative consequences on patients' quality of life. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between unhealthy behaviors (physical inactivity, tobacco consumption, and alcohol consumption) and health-related quality of life, measured with the SF-36 questionnaire, in women with endometriosis. To achieve this, data from a previous cross-sectional web survey among Italian adult women were analyzed. A total of 1045 responses were included in the analysis. Among the SF-36 subscales, the lowest score was recorded in the energy/fatigue domain: mean = 35.536 (Standard Deviation = 18.452). Smoking and physically inactive women had lower scores than non-smoking and physically active women, respectively, in each SF-36 domain. Women who drank more than one unit of alcohol a day, on average, reported lower scores than women with an alcohol intake <1 unit a day, for the following SF-36 domains: role limitations due to physical health, role limitations due to emotional problems, and emotional well-being. The multivariable analysis evidenced that employment, physical inactivity, and tobacco consumption were significant predictors for each SF-36 domain (p < 0.05). Physical inactivity and tobacco consumption had negative effects on the SF-36 subscales. Our results showed the need to monitor unhealthy behaviors to improve the overall well-being of women with endometriosis. Tailored strategies addressing smoking cessation, promoting physical activity, and moderating alcohol intake may aid in enhancing health-related quality of life in this vulnerable population.

Validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised for Dental.

This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the "Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised for Dental" (IPQ-RD) in parents/guardians of children aged six to 14 years. The sample consisted of 63 parents/guardians of schoolchildren from the municipal school system of Teófilo Otoni, MG. Remote and virtual data collection consisted of self-completion of personal data, socioeconomic questionnaire and the Brazilian short versions of the "Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire" (16-P-CPQ) and the "Family Impact Scale" (4-FIS). The IPQ-RD was applied by telephone interview. Almost half of the sample belonged to socioeconomic classes C1 and C2. Approximately 1/3 classified their child's oral health as "regular" or "poor", while 11.1% reported "strong" or "very strong" impact on their child's well-being. The items most frequently cited as having an impact on the four domains of the 16-P-CPQ were: "bad breath" (23.8%), "mouth breathing" (20.7%), "feeling anxious or afraid" (20.7%), and "paying attention at school" (10%). In the 4-FIS, 11.1% "had little time for themselves or the family". There were higher IPQ-RD scores in the "disease coherence" domain for women and lower values of "emotional dimensions" for parents/guardians with incomplete education. The mean IPQ-RD score was 126.4 (±15.1), and domain scores were positively correlated. The internal consistency was "almost perfect" for the IPQ-RD total score, ranging from "moderate" to "almost perfect" for the "child-control" and "child-consequences" domains. The intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.04 (poor) to 0.68 (substantial). The Brazilian Portuguese version of the IPQ-RD proved to be valid and reliable for assessing the cognitive and emotional perception of parents/guardians about childhood dental caries.

Evaluating the performance of an AI-powered VBAC prediction system within a decision-aid birth choice platform for shared decision-making.

Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) is generally regarded as a safe and viable birthing option for most women with prior cesarean delivery. Nonetheless, concerns about heightened risks of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes have often dissuaded women from considering VBAC. This study aimed to assess the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered VBAC prediction system integrated into a decision-aid birth choice platform for shared decision-making (SDM). Employing a retrospective design, we collected medical records from a regional hospital in northern Taiwan from January 2019 to May 2023. To explore a suitable model for tabular data, we compared two prevailing modeling approaches: tree-based models and logistic regression models. We subjected the tree-based algorithm, CatBoost, to binary classification. Forty pregnant women with 347 records were included. The CatBoost model demonstrated a robust performance, boasting an accuracy rate of 0.91 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86-0.94) and an area under the curve of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86-0.93), surpassing both regression models and other boosting techniques. CatBoost captured the data characteristics on the significant impact of gravidity and the positive influence of previous vaginal birth, reinforcing established clinical guidelines, as substantiated by the SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis. Using AI techniques offers a more accurate assessment of VBAC risks, boosting women's confidence in selecting VBAC as a viable birthing option. The seamless integration of AI prediction systems with SDM platforms holds a promising potential for enhancing the effectiveness of clinical applications in the domain of women's healthcare.

Investigating the relationship between psychological adjustment and the quality of marital relationship dimensions of women with breast cancer in Golestan Province in 2022

IntroductionBreast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women. Contracting this cancer is an experience accompanied by extreme mental stress. Therefore, when they know about their disease, they experience high levels of disappointment and weakness in adapting to it in their personal and family lives. Like any other type of cancer, it endangers various aspects of mental health, including the marital relation. Breast cancer diagnosis is a crisis in a women's life. In this respect, mastectomy (i.e., breast removal surgery) is eliminating a part of the body that symbolizes gender, femininity, and maternal dimensions. Regarding the importance of the breast in forming a woman's sexual identity, the reaction to the disease by women may involve fear, anxiety, and depression. Hence, the contraction of breast cancer may damage the married life of these women. The present study was conducted to explore the relationship between mental adjustment to cancer (MAC) and marital relationship quality (MRQ) in women with breast cancer. Materials and methodThis descriptive-correlational study was conducted on a sample size of 135. Sampling was performed through the accessible sampling method on women with breast cancer referred to two clinics in Gorgan City during 2020–2021. The data-collection tool comprised the demographic data blank, the Mini-Mac mental-adjustment-to-cancer questionnaire, and the Perceived Relationship Quality Component (PRQC) inventory. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation index, multivariable regression model, and the SPSS software ver. 18. ResultsThe mean scores for MAC and MRQ domains in women with breast cancer were 81.15 ± 19.78 and 93.19 ± 95.17, respectively. There was a direct and significant relation between the MAC score in women with breast cancer and the perceived MRQ in them (r = 0.341; p = 0.001), such that with increasing the psychological MAC, the perceived quality of the marital relationship was significantly higher. ConclusionBased on the obtained results, it is inferred that with an increase in the MAC, MRQ domains improve accordingly. Concerning the major role of the MRQ in the mental health of couples, the authorities must prepare a service package to improve the MRQ and mental health of breast cancer patients.

The individual- and community-level women's empowerment and utilization of maternity care services in Afghanistan: a multilevel cross-validation study.

This study aimed to explore the relationship between women's empowerment and utilization of maternity care for married Afghan women aged 15-49 y in Afghanistan, assessing the convergence validity of the Survey-based Women's Empowerment Index in Afghanistan (SWEI-A). The study used data from the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic Health Survey to examine the association of different domains of women's empowerment with the utilization of maternity care using multilevel Poisson regression at both individual and community levels. The utilization of maternity services was considerably higher among women with high scores compared with those with low scores in almost all domains of the SWEI-A, except for property owning, in which women with high scores appeared to have lower rates of utilization of such services compared with those with low scores. At the community level, those communities with high participation of women in the labor force were less likely to have adequate antenatal care (ANC), institutional delivery and postnatal care (PNC). Individual-level literacy was associated with higher utilization of ANC, institutional delivery and PNC, contrary to community-level literacy. Except for property owning, the high score in almost all other domains was associated with higher utilization of maternity care, which indicates an acceptable level of convergence validity for the developed index (i.e. the SWEI-A) in measuring women's empowerment among married Afghan women aged 15-49 y.

Influence of a Concurrent Exercise Training Program on Health-Related Quality of Life During Advanced Pregnancy: The GESTAFIT Project.

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) may be altered during pregnancy due to pregnancy-related changes in all domains of women's health. A supervised concurrent exercise-training program from the 17th gestational week until birth positively influences HRQoL. Randomized controlled trial. Level 1. Eighty-six pregnant women (age, 33.1 ± 4.6 years; prepregnancy body mass index, 23.5 kg/m2), divided into exercise (n = 41) and control (n = 45) groups, participated in this study (per-protocol basis). The exercise group followed a 60-min, 3 days/week, concurrent (aerobic + resistance) exercise training program. HRQoL was assessed with the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), where higher scores (0-100) indicate better HRQoL. After adjusting for potential confounders, the exercise group decreased 16.1 points less than the control group in the SF-36 physical functioning domain [between-group differences (B): 95% confidence interval (CI), 9.02 to 23.22; P < 0.01], and 4.5 points less in the SF-36 physical component summary than the control group (between-group differences (B): 95% CI, 0.65 to 8.28; P = 0.02). Intention-to-treat basis analyses depicted similar results, where the exercise group decreased 10.03 points less than the control group the in the SF-36 social functioning domain (between-group differences (B): 95% CI, 0.39 to 19.68; P = 0.04). A supervised concurrent exercise training program ameliorates HRQoL decreases along gestation. Although HRQoL decreased throughout pregnancy in both groups, this impact was less in the exercise group, especially in the SF-36 physical functioning, the SF-36 social functioning, and the SF-36 physical component summary. Healthcare providers may encourage pregnant women to exercise in this physiological stage for a better HRQoL throughout pregnancy. NCT02582567; Date of registration: 20/10/2015.

Files of the Polish Welfare CommitteeKraków-Miasto as a source for studyingwomen’s history in 1939–1945

Files of the Polish Welfare Committee Kraków–Miasto (Polish name: Polski Komitet Opiekuńczy Kraków-Miasto, acronym PolKO) are stored in the National Archives in Kraków and have been open to research for years. These files are a highly valuable source for researching the reality of life under occupation, and one of the archival collection whose potential is not being fully exploited by researchers. The purpose of this review is therefore an attempt to show the potential that the PolKO files contribute to the study of women’s history and its interdisciplinary potential. The Polish Welfare Committee Kraków–Miasto was a local branch of the Central Welfare Council (Rada Główna Opiekuńcza, RGO) that remained the only Polish welfare organisation in the General Government whose operation was permitted by the Germans. The records produced by the committee, albeit incomplete, reflect the main courses of activities these institutions undertook. Why can they useful as a source for researching women’s history? During the German occupation, official charitable activities became the domain of women. They were the majority among PolKO Kraków–Miasto personnel and cooperating individuals. The wartime circumstances also made women a majority among the committee’s beneficiaries. Analysing the PolKO records, you find information concerning both individual women’s motivation for embarking on charitable activity, the nature of work they performed, and the degree of involvement on the one hand, and reasons for poverty, and the types of support expected and delivered on the other.

P-597 Sexual function in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Study question To present a comprehensive review of the evidence on sexual function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared to women without PCOS. Summary answer Women with PCOS report lower sexual function and sexual satisfaction compared to women without PCOS. What is known already Research focusing on the psychosocial aspects of PCOS or sexual function is fairly recent and data are limited. Data are often contradicting with studies reporting no differences in sexual function in women with PCOS and studies reporting more sexual problems in women with PCOS. A meta-analysis from our group in 2018 reported lower sexual function and lower sexual satisfaction in women with PCOS compared to women without PCOS. Study design, size, duration A systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature was conducted. Participants/materials, setting, methods Eight databases were searched from inception to August 24th 2022. Two authors independently screened articles based on pre-defined inclusion (e.g. adequate PCOS diagnosis) and exclusion criteria (e.g. hyperandrogenism caused by other diseases),assessed their quality and graded the certainty of the evidence. Review Manager was used to perform all analyses. Main results and the role of chance Twenty-seven articles were included, of which 23 used questionnaires and four used visual analogue scales (VAS). Pooling FSFI scores showed worse sexual function across most domains in women with PCOS, including arousal (weighted mean difference [WMD]== -0.37, P= 0.002), lubrication (WMD= -0.53, P &amp;lt;0.001), and orgasm (WMD= -0.32, P &amp;lt;0.001). Total sexual function (WMD= -2.47, P &amp;lt;0.001) and sexual satisfaction (WMD= -0.42, P &amp;lt;0.001) were also significantly lower. Selection on fertility status did not change the direction of results. VAS results were not pooled in meta-analysis due to using the same control group across the included studies. However, effects within individual VAS studies demonstrated the negative impact of excess body hair on sexuality, lower sexual attractiveness and lower sexual satisfaction in women with PCOS compared with controls, with no differences in the perceived importance of a satisfying sex life. Certainty of evidence was graded low for all included studies. Conclusion: Women with PCOS place similar importance on sexual satisfaction as women without PCOS, yet have lower sexual function and sexual satisfaction. Distress was not assessed. Sexual function assessment, and, psychosexual counseling should be considered as part of standard care in women with PCOS. Limitations, reasons for caution Sexual distress was not assessed. Hence, prevalence of sexual dysfunction which requires both lower sexual function and sexual distress, remains unkown. Certainty of evidence was graded low for all included studies. Wider implications of the findings Sexual function assessment, and, psychosexual counseling should be considered as part of standard care in women with PCOS. Findings from this review have directly informed the international PCOS guideline on sexual function assessment and management. Trial registration number NA

Alzheimer's Disease Pathology in Middle Aged and Older People with HIV: Comparisons with Non-HIV Controls on a Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Trajectory and Relationships with Cognitive Function.

We determined the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathological hallmarks, amyloid-β and phosphorylated-Tau, in autopsied brains of 49 people with HIV (PWH) (ages: 50-68; mean age = 57.0) from the National NeuroAIDS Tissue Consortium and in a comparative cohort of 55 people without HIV (PWoH) from the UC San Diego Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (17 controls, 14 mild cognitive impairment, 24 AD; ages: 70-102, mean age = 88.7). We examined how AD pathology relates to domain-specific cognitive functions in PWH overall and in sex-stratified samples. Amyloid-β and phosphorylated-Tau positivity (presence of pathology of any type/density) was determined via immunohistochemistry in AD-sensitive brain regions. Among PWH, amyloid-β positivity ranged from 19% (hippocampus) to 41% (frontal neocortex), and phosphorylated-Tau positivity ranged from 47% (entorhinal cortex) to 73% (transentorhinal cortex). Generally, AD pathology was significantly less prevalent, and less severe when present, in PWH versus PWoH regardless of cognitive status. Among PWH, positivity for AD pathology related most consistently to memory-related domains. Positivity for p-Tau pathology related to memory-related domains in women with HIV only, although the sample size of women with HIV was small (n = 10). Results indicate that AD pathology is present in a sizable portion of middle aged and older PWH, although not to the extent in older PWoH. Studies with better age-matched PWoH are needed to examine the effect of HIV status on AD pathology.

Endometriosis and Depression: A Double Agony for Women.

Endometriosis is defined as a condition in which a formation of abnormal endometrial tissue outside the uterus takes place. Irrespective of any ethnic and socioeconomic class, the prevalence of the diseases has been seen among women of reproductive age. Endometriosis has been seen adversely affect the physical, psychological, social, and career of women. This paper aims to identify and describe the experiences and outcomes of endometriosis healthcare by reviewing the existing literature on social and psychological effects of endometriosis. The study serves the purpose of providing insights on women's dual suffering (mental and social health) and critical comments on the present state of knowledge in order to make future recommendations for psycho-social research. The review included systematic search of the articles from various disciplines like, biology, psychology, sociology, anthropology, etc. A structured process of screening with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria was used to select the articles. The analysis of the articles resulted that woman diagnosed with endometriosis reported poor quality of life and the following symptoms such as anxiety, stress, Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP), anxiety, dyspareunia, and dysmenorrhea. However, depression appears prominent among women diagnosed with endometriosis. There are few strategies mentioned that can be used to deal with endometriosis. The most promising causes of endometriosis include abnormality in immune functioning, atypical endometriotic growth, genetics, epigenetic, embryogenetic theory, and endocrine disruptors. The ill effects have been noted in the following domains of women's life such as work, close relationships, social well-being, and education, deteriorating their quality-of-life manifold. Psychological intervention is required to deal with the disorder as only medical treatment with pain may not be sufficient. Though, the condition can be improved by providing awareness regarding the severity of the disorder at the school and community levels.

Jihad and Interpretation of Religious Texts on Female Terrorists in Indonesia

&lt;p&gt;The involvement of women in terrorism circles has led to the emergence of a brand-new terrorist map of the terrorism fight in Indonesia, where women had previously played a private role solely. Their involvement in public spaces in terrorism circles is closely associated with patriarchal culture and transformation in the concept of &lt;em&gt;hijrah &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;qital &lt;/em&gt;as a means of &lt;em&gt;jihad&lt;/em&gt;. This paper aims to explore the three domains of women's attempts at terror as a series of struggles; it includes defining women's weaknesses and disadvantages by patriarchal circles, using media to encourage women's emotional enthusiasm in the circle of terror, and interpreting &lt;em&gt;hijrah&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;qital&lt;/em&gt; as justification for &lt;em&gt;jihad&lt;/em&gt; movement which becomes a spirit for women to commit terrors. The data in this study came from observations, interviews with two female terrorists, one terrorist advisor, and one ex-convict, as well as the discourse of terror-related web publications. This study reveals that male terrorists exploit patriarchal culture to establish religious authority in their organizations. In addition, virtual media is highly effective in spreading propaganda for women’s involvement in the struggle domain for two reasons. First, it broadcasted by providing &lt;em&gt;fatwas&lt;/em&gt; on the women’s consent to fight based on historical background. Second, it propagated by offering new religious interpretations of the terms &lt;em&gt;hijrah&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;qital&lt;/em&gt; as &lt;em&gt;jihad&lt;/em&gt; media tailored to the terrorist organizations’ missions and goals.&lt;/p&gt;

Clitoral Therapy Device for Alleviating Sexual Dysfunction After Female Genital Mutilation: Randomized Controlled Trial

Female genital mutilation is considered a crime but is still practiced today in Africa and the Middle East, despite all the laws that make this procedure illegal due to the long-term physical and psychological harm it causes to women. Millions of girls and women living today have undergone genital mutilation, which involves removing the external female genitalia either partially or totally, based on the belief that it restricts feminine sexuality, thereby "saving" a girl for marriage. For girls and women, the surgery offers no health advantages. Girls' right to control critical decisions regarding their sexual and reproductive health is violated because genital mutilation is frequently done against their will and frequently without their consent, leading to lifelong psychic trauma in addition to sexual dysfunction and lack of satisfaction due to distortion of the genitalia that threatens marital stability. To determine the effect of a clitoral therapy device on improving sexual domains in women suffering from sexual dysfunction after female genital mutilation. This study examined 80 married women aged from 20 to 45 years who were referred from the gynecology outpatient clinic of the Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, for sexual dysfunction resulting from female genital mutilation. The women were divided into 2 equal groups: the study group received a clitoral therapy device and traditional psychosexual education and were closely followed for 3 months, while the control group received only traditional psychosexual education for 3 months. The Arabic version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire was used to assess sexual outcomes pre- and posttreatment in the 2 groups. Our findings revealed a significant increase in the 6 domains of the FSFI pretreatment in both groups compared to posttreatment (P>.001), except the orgasm domain in the control group, which showed only a nonsignificant increase (P=.16). Clitoral therapy devices may be an effective, safe, noninvasive rehabilitation method for sexual dysfunction following female genital mutilation. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05039775; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05039775.