Dogs Of Other Breeds Research Articles

Recurrent bacterial pneumonia in Irish Wolfhounds - histopathology and characterization of bronchial cartilage changes.

An increased incidence of bacterial pneumonia (BP) has been reported in Irish Wolfhounds (IWHs) and the disease typically recurs repeatedly. The aetiology is unclear but the development of bronchiectasis in the absence of clinical findings indicative of interstitial lung disease is common in affected IWHs. This observation led us to hypothesize that the primary cause could be at bronchial level. We evaluated bronchial cartilage structure and composition in IWHs (n=10) with previous episodes of pneumonia compared with IWH control dogs (n=5) and other large-breed control dogs (n=5) without a history of respiratory disease. Histological evaluation of lung sections was performed with haematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome and Prussian blue staining as well as with immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD3 and CD79a antigens and pancytokeratin. Bronchial cartilage proteoglycan content was evaluated in sections stained with safranin 'O' (SO) and chondrocyte apoptosis by IHC for cleaved caspase-3. Image analysis was used to measure the bronchial cartilage to lumen area ratio as well as the SO staining intensity and caspase-3-positive cell count in digital whole slide images. The most consistent histological finding in the lungs of IWHs with recurrent BP was chronic lymphoplasmacytic inflammation in the peribronchial and perivascular pulmonary interstitium, along with remodelling of the bronchial walls. The bronchial cartilage to lumen area ratio was significantly lower in all IWHs than in control dogs of other breeds (P=0.011), suggesting less cartilage support in the bronchi of the IWH breed. The SO staining intensity of the bronchial cartilage was significantly higher (P=0.008) in affected IWHs than in control dogs of other breeds. Analysis of caspase-3 immunolabelling of large bronchial cartilage revealed significantly fewer apoptotic chondrocytes in affected IWHs than in all control dogs (P=0.045). Based on these findings, altered cartilage metabolism, as a breed-related feature or secondary to chronic inflammation, may play a role in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis development and recurrent lung infections in IWHs.

Biophysical properties of alveolar surfactant in drever dogs with hunting associated pulmonary edema

BackgroundA syndrome of acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema associated with hunting is prevalent in the drever breed, but etiology of this syndrome is currently unknown. Alveolar surfactant has a critical role in preventing alveolar collapse and edema formation. The aim of this study was to investigate, whether the predisposition to hunting associated pulmonary edema in drever dogs is associated with impaired biophysical properties of alveolar surfactant. Seven privately owned drever dogs with recurrent hunting associated pulmonary edema and seven healthy control dogs of other breeds were included in the study. All affected dogs underwent thorough clinical examinations including echocardiography, laryngeal evaluation, bronchoscopy, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) as well as head, neck and thoracic computed tomography imaging to rule out other cardiorespiratory diseases potentially causing the clinical signs. Alveolar surfactant was isolated from frozen, cell-free supernatants of BAL fluid and biophysical analysis of the samples was completed using a constrained sessile drop surfactometer. Statistical comparisons over consecutive compression expansion cycles were performed using repeated measures ANOVA and comparisons of single values between groups were analyzed using T-test.ResultsThere were no significant differences between groups in any of the biophysical outcomes of surfactant analysis. The critical function of surfactant, reducing the surface tension to low values upon compression, was similar between healthy dogs and affected drevers.ConclusionsThe etiology of hunting associated pulmonary edema in drever dogs is not due to an underlying surfactant dysfunction.

Genome-wide analyses reveals an association between invasive urothelial carcinoma in the Shetland sheepdog and NIPAL1.

Naturally occurring canine invasive urinary carcinoma (iUC) closely resembles human muscle invasive bladder cancer in terms of histopathology, metastases, response to therapy, and low survival rate. The heterogeneous nature of the disease has led to the association of large numbers of risk loci in humans, however most are of small effect. There exists a need for new and accurate animal models of invasive bladder cancer. In dogs, distinct breeds show markedly different rates of iUC, thus presenting an opportunity to identify additional risk factors and overcome the locus heterogeneity encountered in human mapping studies. In the association study presented here, inclusive of 100 Shetland sheepdogs and 58 dogs of other breeds, we identify a homozygous protein altering point mutation within the NIPAL1 gene which increases risk by eight-fold (OR = 8.42, CI = 3.12-22.71), accounting for nearly 30% of iUC risk in the Shetland sheepdog. Inclusion of six additional loci accounts for most of the disease risk in the breed and explains nearly 75% of the phenotypes in this study. When combined with sequence data from tumors, we show that variation in the MAPK signaling pathway is an overarching cause of iUC susceptibility in dogs.

Canine Outcomes and Length of Stay in a Midwestern Shelter Affected by Breed Specific Legislation

Breed specific legislation (BSL) is intended to restrict or reduce the ownership of selected breeds of dogs within a municipality. These laws frequently aim at “bully breeds” such as the American Pit Bull Terrier and other pure or mixed breeds with similar phenotypic characteristics which are heavily represented in shelters nationwide. This study describes differences in outcomes and length of stay (LOS) for banned dogs versus dogs of other breeds in a managed admission municipal shelter subject to BSL. It was hypothesized that dogs subject to legislation would have fewer live outcomes and a longer LOS when compared to non-legislated dogs. Retrospective outcome data from 1/1/2022 through 12/31/2022 was analyzed. The study population included 764 adult dogs of which 118 were affected by legislation. The legislated and non-legislated groups were found to be demographically equivalent considering age group, sex, previous alteration status, and intake frequency, but legislated dogs had a significantly heavier body weight compared to non-legislated dogs. Initial Pearson Chi-Square testing revealed a statistically significant increase in euthanasia for legislated dogs and adoptions for non-legislated dogs. After controlling for body weight, there was a statistically significant increase in adoption for the non-legislated group, and increased return to owner (RTO) for legislated dogs, however there wasn’t a statistically significant difference in total live outcomes. Mann-Whitney U Testing demonstrated a statistically significant increase in LOS for legislated dogs compared to non-legislated dogs in the full study population, but after controlling for weight their LOS was no longer significantly different. In the body weight controlled group however, LOS was still significantly longer for legislated dogs versus non-legislated dogs with adoption and RTO outcomes. Euthanasia reasons were evaluated for 80 dogs whose first outcome was euthanasia. Pearson Chi Square testing showed legislated dogs in this group were no more likely to be euthanized for aggression than the non-legislated dogs. In this population, dogs subject to BSL were less likely to be adopted but more likely to RTO. It is suspected shelter staff prevented euthanasia of some legislated dogs through heightened efforts to facilitate RTO even though there was not a formal protocol in place to do so. After controlling for body weight, LOS was equivalent between legislated and non-legislated groups, although the legislated dogs did experience increased LOS before live outcomes. Importantly, legislated dogs were not significantly more likely to be euthanized due to aggressive behavior than non-legislated dogs in this population. These findings indicate that dogs targeted by BSL should be considered an at-risk group within the shelter population and shelters should endeavor to develop specific strategies to reduce LOS and provide best outcomes for these dogs. In many jurisdictions, overturning BSL could be a powerful approach to protecting this at-risk population.

Features of statistical accounting of service dogs of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia: in search of a universal service dog.

This publication completes the presentation of part of the results of a study conducted at the Research Institute of Information Technologies of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. The purpose of the study is to increase the effectiveness of departmental statistical surveillance in the field of organizing the work of the security service to ensure the security of institutions of the penal system. As a result of the study, it was decided to make significant changes to the composition and organization of statistical indicators, which are intended to inform the Department of Protection and Escort of the Federal Penitentiary Service about service dogs of institutions of the penal system. Problems in the field of breeding German Shepherds have aroused the interest of specialists in service dog breeding to dogs of other breeds that differ in the presence of universal abilities, in particular to Rottweilers and Belgian shepherds (Malinois). The article emphasizes the importance of collecting, processing and analyzing statistical information about the number of dogs of these breeds.

Naturally occurring canine laminopathy leading to a dilated and fibrosing cardiomyopathy in the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by decreased systolic function and dilation of one or both ventricles, often leading to heart failure or sudden death. Two 10-month-old sibling Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers (NSDTR) died acutely with evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy with myocardial fibrosis. Association analysis using two cases and 35 controls identified three candidate regions homozygous in the two cases. Whole genome sequencing identified a frameshift deletion in the LMNA gene (NC_049228.1:g.41688530del, NP_001274080:p.(Asp576ThrfsTer124)). Three retrospectively identified NSDTRs with sudden death before 2 years of age and severe myocardial fibrosis were also homozygous for the deletion. One 5 year old with sudden death and myocardial fibrosis was heterozygous for the deletion. This variant was not identified in 722 dogs of other breeds, nor was it identified to be homozygous in 784 NSDTR. LMNA codes for lamin A/C proteins, which are type V intermediate filaments that provide structural support to the nuclear membrane. In humans, LMNA variants can cause DCM with sudden death as well as diseases of striated muscles, lipodystrophy, neuropathies, and accelerated aging disorders. This frameshift deletion is predicted to affect processing of prelamin A into lamin A. Pedigree analysis in the NSDTR and functional evaluation of heterozygotes is consistent with a predominantly recessive mode of inheritance and possibly low penetrance in heterozygotes in contrast to people, where most pathogenic LMNA variants are dominantly inherited.

Medial Shoulder Instability: Prevalence and Treatment Outcomes in 17 Poodles and 31 Dogs of Other Breeds

Abstract Objective The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to investigate whether poodles were overrepresented in a cohort of dogs with medial shoulder instability (MSI), and to compare the incidence of spontaneous (nontraumatic) MSI and treatment outcome in poodles and non-poodle dogs. Study Design Medical records (2009–2019) of dogs with MSI from five surgical referral centers were reviewed. Results Forty-eight dogs with confirmed MSI were enrolled; 17 (35%) of which were poodles and 31 (65%) were of other breeds (including 11 [23%] poodle crossbreeds). Poodles were more than 10 times overrepresented in the MSI populations (p < 0.0001) compared with other breeds. MSI occurred spontaneously in 82% of poodles and 52% of non-poodles; the odds of presenting with spontaneous MSI for poodles were four times greater than that for non-poodle breeds. There were no differences in terms of treatments and outcomes. Conclusion Poodles were significantly overrepresented in the cohort of dogs presenting with MSI and were more likely to have spontaneous rather than traumatic MSI.

Copper toxicosis in Bedlington terriers is associated with multiple independent genetic variants.

Bedlington terrier copper toxicosis (CT) is due to a homozygous exon deletion in COMMD1. CT also occurs in Bedlingtons lacking this deletion. An association with two ABCA12 single nuceotide polymorphism (SNP) splice variants was reported. Labrador retriever CT is associated with a missense mutation in ATP7B, and with a protective mutation in ATP7A. Liver and DNA samples from 24 affected and 10 unaffected Bedlingtons were assessed for copper and genetic variants. Allelic frequencies were compared. The ATP7B mutation frequency was investigated in 144 dogs of other breeds. The ABCA12 SNPs showed no differences between groups. The COMMD1 deletion was less frequent in unaffected than in affected dogs and in affected dogs post-2001 than pre-2001. The ATP7B mutation was more frequent in affected than unaffected Bedlingtons. Thirty-five of 144 dogs of other breeds were homo- or heterozygous for the ATP7B mutation. The ATP7A mutation was absent from Bedlingtons. Clinical information and qualitative copper measurements were unavailable for most dogs. The COMMD1 deletion remains present in Bedlington terriers but is no longer the primary cause of CT. ABCA12 SNPs were not associated with CT. The ATP7B:c.4358G>A mutation was significantly associated with Bedlington CT and was more common in dogs of this breed than in the 144 dogs of other breeds.

Comparison of serum protein profiles of Borrelia burgdorferi-positive Bernese Mountain Dogs and dogs of other breeds using MALDI-TOF technique.

The aim of the study was to compare the serum protein profile of Bernese Mountain Dogs (BMDs) reacting positive for Bb in snap testing with the serum protein profile of dogs of other breeds (healthy and with clinical borreliosis) using the MALDI time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) technique. The observations included five groups of dogs. BMDs reacting positively to Bb in snap serological testing and showing symptoms of borreliosis (group 1), BMDs for which no borreliosis symptoms were determined but with seropositivity for Bb determined with snap serological tests (group 2), clinically healthy BMDs with no antibodies for Bb found in the serum (group 3), five dogs of different breeds, reacting positively in serological testing, in which borreliosis symptoms were observed (group 4), clinically healthy dogs of different breeds with negative reaction in tests towards Bb (group 5). A proteomic analysis demonstrated the presence of five identical protein fractions among all five groups. An additional two protein fractions of approximately 7.630 and 15.260 kDa were found in all the serum samples obtained from the dogs positive for borrelia in a snap test, both in those exhibiting symptoms of borreliosis, and seropositive BMDs not presenting symptoms of the disease. These two additional protein fractions may be used to differentiate between seropositive and seronegative B. burgdorferi dogs and may be considered a seropositivity marker, however, it cannot be used to differentiate between animals with the clinical form of the disease and those that are only seropositive.

The Feasibility of Ultrasonographic Diaphragmatic Excursion in Healthy Dogs: Effect of Positioning, Diaphragmatic Location, and Body Weight of Dogs.

Diaphragmatic excursion (DE) has been utilized for detecting respiratory related problems in humans. However, several factors should be considered such as the ultrasound technique and factors intrinsic to patients. Nevertheless, knowledge of the effect of these factors on DE in dogs is still lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proper ultrasound technique by varying postures and diaphragmatic locations for DE measurement and to explore intrinsic factors such as diaphragmatic sides, sex, and body weight of dogs on DE. The prospective, analytic, cross-sectional study included 44 healthy dogs; 12 beagles and 32 dogs of other breeds. The experiment was divided into (i) an exploration of the proper ultrasound technique by varying postures (supine, standing, and recumbent in each of the right and left lateral positions), diaphragmatic locations (middle crus and proximal to the last rib), and diaphragmatic sublocations (xiphoid, mid, and proximal rib) for detection of DE and (ii) the evaluation of canine intrinsic factors affecting DE. The results show that the mid-diaphragmatic sublocation in the middle crus area in almost all positions revealed the highest percentage DE detection. However, DEs were revealed to be more accessible in the supine position. There was no significant difference in DE between the right and the left diaphragms or between the sexes of beagle dogs. However, body weight was significantly correlated with the DE among dogs of various sizes. In conclusion, the posture of the dogs and the diaphragmatic location can affect DE evaluation. Neither sex nor diaphragmatic side had an influence, but body weight was revealed as a major factor in DE in dogs.

Prevalence, geographic distribution, and impact on lifespan of a dilated cardiomyopathy-associated RNA-binding motif protein 20 variant in genotyped dogs

Prevalence, geographic distribution, and impact on lifespan of a dilated cardiomyopathy-associated RNA-binding motif protein 20 variant in genotyped dogs

Clinical and Genetic Findings in 28 American Cocker Spaniels with Aural Ceruminous Gland Hyperplasia and Ectasia

Clinical and Genetic Findings in 28 American Cocker Spaniels with Aural Ceruminous Gland Hyperplasia and Ectasia

Comparative microcomputed tomographic structural analysis of the trabecular and cortical bone architecture of radius and ulna in toy dog breeds

Comparative microcomputed tomographic structural analysis of the trabecular and cortical bone architecture of radius and ulna in toy dog breeds

Depleted Myocardial Coenzyme Q10 in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Congestive Heart Failure Due to Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease.

Congestive heart failure (CHF) has been associated with depleted myocardial coenzyme Q10 (Q10) concentrations in human patients. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between myocardial Q10 concentrations and myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) severity in dogs. Furthermore, citrate synthase (CS) activity was analysed to determine if a reduction in myocardial Q10 was associated with mitochondrial depletion in the myocardium. Thirty Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS) in MMVD stages B1 (n = 11), B2 (n = 5) and C (n = 14) according to the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) guidelines and 10 control (CON) dogs of other breeds were included. Myocardial Q10 concentration was analysed in left ventricular tissue samples using HPLC-ECD. CKCS with congestive heart failure (CHF; group C) had significantly reduced Q10 concentrations (median, 1.54 µg/mg; IQR, 1.36–1.94), compared to B1 (2.76 µg/mg; 2.10–4.81, p < 0.0018), B2 (3.85 µg/mg; 3.13–4.46, p < 0.0054) and CON dogs (2.8 µg/mg; 1.64–4.88, p < 0.0089). CS activity was comparable between disease groups. In conclusion, dogs with CHF due to MMVD had reduced myocardial Q10 concentrations. Studies evaluating antioxidant defense mechanisms as a therapeutic target for treatment of CHF in dogs are warranted.

Clinical and histopathological features and prognosis of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas in Jack Russell Terriers.

There has been an increase in the number of Jack Russell Terriers (JRTs) diagnosed with adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract in Japan. This study retrospectively investigated the clinical and histopathological features and prognosis of adenocarcinomas arising in the gastrointestinal tract in JRT dogs. Seven JRTs and 39 dogs of other breeds diagnosed with gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma were included in the study. The most common sites of gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma in JRTs were the pylorus and rectum. On histopathological examination, these adenocarcinomas showed a papillary or tubular growth pattern, and the lesions were confined within the mucosal epithelium and poorly invasive. Among all dogs with gastric adenocarcinoma, the median survival time (MST) for five of the JRTs could not be determined because more than half of the cases remained alive, while the MST for nine non-JRT dogs was 34 days. Among all dogs with adenocarcinoma in the large intestine, the MST for three of the JRTs could not be determined, while the MST for nine non-JRT dogs was 1,973 days. The difference in MST between JRT and non-JRT dogs with gastric adenocarcinoma was significant (P=0.0220). Since gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas in JRTs show distinct characteristics with respect to their clinical features, treatment course, and prognosis, a different surgical and medical treatment plan should be considered compared to the management of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas in other dog breeds.

Matrix metalloproteinase-2, -7, and -9 activities in dogs with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis compared to healthy dogs and dogs with other respiratory diseases.

BackgroundCanine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CIPF) is a chronic, interstitial lung disease that mainly affects West Highland white terriers (WHWTs) and is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the lung. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) participate in remodeling of ECM.ObjectivesTo compare metalloproteinase‐2, ‐7 and ‐9 activities in blood or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples or both of CIPF WHWTs with healthy WHWTs, healthy dogs of other breeds, and dogs with other lung diseases and determine if these MMPs could be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers for CIPF.AnimalsForty‐four CIPF WHWTs, 24 dogs with chronic bronchitis (CB), 17 with eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBP), 10 with bacterial pneumonia, 39 healthy WHWTs, and 35 healthy dogs of other breeds.MethodsCross‐sectional observational study. Pro‐MMP and active MMP activities were analyzed by zymography.ResultsIn serum, significantly higher (P < .01) pro‐MMP‐7 activities were observed in CIPF WHWTs compared to healthy dogs of other breeds, dogs with CB and dogs with EBP. In BALF of CIPF WHWTs, both pro‐MMP‐9 and pro‐MMP‐2 activities were significantly higher (P < .01) compared to healthy WHWTs, but these differences were not detected in plasma. The CIPF WHWTs had significantly higher (P < .05) activities of pro‐MMP‐9 compared to dogs with CB and of pro‐MMP‐2 compared to dogs with CB and EBP. No statistically significant prognostic factors were observed in CIPF WHWTs.Conclusions and clinical relevanceSerum MMP‐7 and BALF MMP‐2 and ‐9 potentially may be useful diagnostic markers but not prognostic markers for CIPF.

A COL7A1 Variant in a Litter of Neonatal Basset Hounds with Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa.

We investigated three neonatal Basset Hound littermates with lesions consistent with epidermolysis bullosa (EB), a group of genetic blistering diseases. A clinically normal bitch was bred to her grandfather by artificial insemination. Out of a litter of seven puppies, two affected puppies died and one was euthanized, with these puppies being submitted for diagnostic necropsy. All had multiple bullae and ulcers involving the nasal planum and paw pads, as well as sloughing claws; one puppy also had oral and esophageal ulcers. The complete genome of one affected puppy was sequenced, and 37 known EB candidate genes were assessed. We found a candidate causative variant in COL7A1, which encodes the collagen VII alpha 1 chain. The variant is a complex rearrangement involving duplication of a 107 bp region harboring a frameshift deletion of 7 bp. The variant is predicted to truncate more than 75% of the open reading frame, p.(Val677Serfs*11). Targeted genotyping of this duplication confirmed that all three affected puppies were homozygous for the duplication, whereas 12 unaffected Basset Hounds did not carry the duplication. This variant was also not seen in the genomes of more than 600 dogs of other breeds. COL7A1 variants have been identified in humans and dogs with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB). The identified COL7A1 variant therefore most likely represents the causative variant and allows the refinement of the preliminary EB diagnosis to DEB.

Chronic Inflammatory Disease in the Pancreas, Kidney and Salivary Glands of English Cocker Spaniels and Dogs of Other Breeds Shows Similar Histological Features to Human IgG4-related Disease

Chronic Inflammatory Disease in the Pancreas, Kidney and Salivary Glands of English Cocker Spaniels and Dogs of Other Breeds Shows Similar Histological Features to Human IgG4-related Disease

Exploring the relationship between susceptibility to canine leishmaniosis and anti-Phlebotomus perniciosus saliva antibodies in Ibizan hounds and dogs of other breeds in Mallorca, Spain

BackgroundCanine leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum is a neglected zoonosis transmitted by sand flies like Phlebotomus perniciosus. Clinical signs and disease susceptibility vary according to various factors, including host immune response and breed. In particular, Ibizan hounds appear more resistant. This immunocompetence could be attributed to a more frequent exposure to uninfected sand flies, eliciting a stronger anti-sand fly saliva antibody response.MethodsThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anti-P. perniciosus saliva antibodies in Ibizan hounds and dogs of other breeds in the Leishmania-endemic area of Mallorca, Spain, and to correlate these antibody levels with clinical, immunological and parasitological parameters. Anti-sand fly saliva IgG was examined in 47 Ibizan hounds and 45 dogs of other breeds using three methods: P. perniciosus whole salivary gland homogenate (SGH) ELISA; recombinant protein rSP03B ELISA; and rSP03B rapid tests (RT). Additionally, diagnostic performance was evaluated between methods.ResultsResults indicate significantly higher anti-SGH antibodies (P = 0.0061) and a trend for more positive SGH ELISA and RT results in Ibizan hounds compared to other breeds. General linear model analysis also found breed to be a significant factor in SGH ELISA units and a marginally significant factor in RT result. Although infection rates were similar between groups, Ibizan hounds included significantly more IFN-γ producers (P = 0.0122) and papular dermatitis cases (P < 0.0001). Older age and L. infantum seropositivity were also considered significant factors in sand fly saliva antibody levels according to at least one test. Fair agreement was found between all three tests, with the highest value between SGH and rSP03B RT.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study elaborating the relationship between anti-P. perniciosus saliva antibodies and extensive clinical data in dogs in an endemic area. Our results suggest that Ibizan hounds experience a higher frequency of exposure to sand flies and have a stronger cellular immune response to L. infantum infection than other breed dogs. Additional sampling is needed to confirm results, but anti-P. perniciosus saliva antibodies appear to negatively correlate with susceptibility to L. infantum infection and could possibly contribute to the resistance observed in Ibizan hounds.

Preliminary report of postoperative complications of phacoemulsification in Pugs: A multicenter retrospective study of 32 cases.

To compare complication rates and visual outcomes following phacoemulsification in Pugs versus dogs of other breeds. Thirty-two pure-bred Pugs (55 eyes) and 32 dogs of other breeds (56 eyes) undergoing phacoemulsification. Multi-institutional retrospective medical record review of perioperative factors, postoperative complications, and visual outcomes. The reference population of dogs of varying breeds included surgical cases following each Pug case at the same institutions. Perioperative risk factors and postoperative complication rates were compared between the two populations. Pigmentary keratitis and diabetes mellitus were the most common preoperative comorbidities, found in 75% (P<.001) and 72% (P=.12) of Pugs, respectively. No perioperative factors were significantly associated with postoperative complications in Pugs. Postoperative complication rates were similar between groups; however, the most common complication in Pugs was corneal ulceration (15% of operated eyes), whereas glaucoma was most common in the reference population (13% of operated eyes). Three months postoperatively, vision was preserved in 91% of eyes of Pugs (50/55) and 95% of the reference population (53/56). One year postoperatively, 80% (32/40) of Pug eyes and 82% (28/34) of eyes in the reference population remained sighted. Comorbidities and complications of cataract surgery in Pugs of this study demonstrate a predisposition for corneal disease. This highlights the importance of preoperative evaluation of factors associated with PK and corneal clarity, and postoperative monitoring for corneal ulceration in this breed.