Doctoral Preparation Research Articles

Simulation Technologies in Obstetrics: Teaching in a New Way or Leaving the Status Quo?

The protection of reproductive health of the population of Russia has been declared by the country's leadership to be the most important state task and is one of the priority components of the National Projects "Healthcare", "Demography" and "Family". The development of the latest technologies in medicine determines the need to create and widely implement an innovative approach to the training and professional preparation of doctors. In this regard, there is a need to change the methodology for training doctors at present.

Self-Assessment of the Intercultural Competences of Medical Doctors and Nurses in Poland in the Face of Current Refugee Challenges

Health care is one of the most important systems in both society and the economy. At the same time, it is a highly complex system that is subject to an increasing number of challenges in the contemporary world. For example, the health care system in Poland struggles primarily with inadequate numbers of nurses and medical doctors, as well as insufficient funding. A relatively new challenge is to provide for the health needs of refugees, whose number is increasing due to the war in Ukraine beyond Poland’s eastern border. This raises the question of the substantive preparation of nurses and medical doctors to work in a culturally diverse environment. Have they had the opportunity to train in intercultural competences? How do they assess their own intercultural competences? Do they see challenges in their interactions with foreigners? The aim of this paper is therefore to present a self‑assessment of the intercultural competences of medical doctors and nurses in Poland, in particular in the context of current refugee challenges. In order to achieve the assumed goal, a proprietary questionnaire form was created, and a nationwide survey was conducted among a group of professionally active medical doctors and nurses. The results of the research, in addition to providing valuable knowledge, were used to draw up specific recommendations for improving the continuing education of medical and nursing staff in the area of intercultural competences. Based on the research results, guidelines for better management in public health organisations were also created. This text may be of interest to researchers of management in public health care organisations, and in particular human resources management in health care institutions, as well as practitioners trying to deal with the current problems facing public health management.

Network of doctors for multimorbidity and diabetes — the NOMAD intervention: protocol for feasibility trial of multidisciplinary team conferences for people with diabetes and multimorbidity

BackgroundThe prevalence of diabetes and coexisting multimorbidity rises worldwide. Treatment of this patient group can be complex. Providing an evidence-based, coherent, and patient-centred treatment of patients with multimorbidity poses a challenge in healthcare systems, which are typically designed to deliver disease-specific care. We propose an intervention comprising multidisciplinary team conferences (MDTs) to address this issue. The MDT consists of medical specialists in five different specialities meeting to discuss multimorbid diabetes patients. This protocol describes a feasibility test of MDTs designed to coordinate care and improve quality of life for people with diabetes and multimorbidity.MethodsA mixed-methods one-arm feasibility test of the MDT. Feasibility will be assessed through prospectively collected data. We will explore patient perspectives through patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and assess the feasibility of electronic questionnaires. Feasibility outcomes are recruitment, PRO completion, technical difficulties, impact of MDT, and doctor preparation time. During 17 months, up to 112 participants will be recruited. We will report results narratively and by the use of descriptive statistics. The collected data will form the basis for a future large-scale randomised trial.DiscussionA multidisciplinary approach focusing on better management of diabetic patients suffering from multimorbidity may improve functional status, quality of life, and health outcomes. Multimorbidity and diabetes are highly prevalent in our healthcare system, but we lack a solid evidence-based approach to patient-centred care for these patients. This study represents the initial steps towards building such evidence. The concept can be efficiency tested in a randomised setting, if found feasible to intervention providers and receivers. If not, we will have gained experience on how to manage diabetes and multimorbidity as well as organisational aspects, which together may generate hypotheses for research on how to handle multimorbidity in the future.Administrative informationProtocol version: 01Trial registrationNCT05913726 — registration date: 21 June 2023

Factors Influencing Medical Interns' Choice of Hospital for Training, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background High-quality, adequately resourced, and strategically oriented medical internship training plays a pivotal role in the continual growth of junior doctors. Evaluating the perspectives of final-year medical students regarding their internship year and their preferred placement is of paramount importance. This study aims to furnish internship programs with valuable insights into interns' perceptions and attitudes toward an optimal internship experience. By doing so, we aim to empower internship programs with the necessary knowledge to enhance their offerings, ensuring they are better tailored to the needs and preparation of future doctors. Objective The objective of this study was to elucidate the primary factors that influence the preferences of medical interns in selecting a hospital for their internship training. Methods In the academic year spanning September 2023 to 2024, a comprehensive cross-sectional study was conducted at three esteemed medical universities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A meticulously crafted questionnaire, consisting of twenty questions was disseminated via various social media platforms, targeting all final-year medical students of the selected medical schools. Overall 241 students actively participated in the survey, their valuable contributions enriching the overall quality and depth of the research findings. Results Among the 241 respondents, 67.22% were male, 83.40% identified as Saudi, and 43.57% hailed from King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS). A predominant 94.61% of participants fell within the age group of 22-25 years. Notably, the top four influential factors influencing participants' choice of internship training programs were encouraging consultants (93.80%), the hospital working environment (91.29%), an internship program with effective teamwork (88.38%), and a subspecialty residency program (85.48%). Furthermore, our findings underscored that access to electronic health record (EHR) systems, orientation prior to clinical rotations, and seniors' experiences significantly impact students' decisions when selecting a hospital for rotations. It was also observed that considerations such as the number of on-calls and working hours, salary, location, and extracurricular activities wield a substantial influence over their choices, as indicated by the majority of the surveyed students. Conclusion Given that internship training is one of the most critical stages of medical education, it is recommended to take into account the elements that students believe can influence their hospital choice for conducting their internship. We hope that by acknowledging these aspects, potential approaches to improve and advance hospital training can be formulated in order to provide interns with effective training, a reasonable workload, and a conducive and supportive environment to work in.

Potential Impact of COVID-19 on Medical Career Aspirations of Prospective Students.

This article describes the evolving landscape of medical education in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the renewed importance of public health, mental well-being, and career choices among medical students. The pandemic has prompted a significant shift in medical student's career aspirations, highlighting the need for mental health support mechanisms within the medical education framework. Medical students' career choices are influenced directly and indirectly by the challenges and experiences of the pandemic era, which are discussed in this article under four key themes: traditional values, global health interests and disparities, developing trends, and digital healthcare. There is an urgent need to adjust medical training to the new reality and share the future directions of the medical education landscape by embracing diverse career paths in medicine, integrating technology into medical training, adapting to the changing context of medicine, and strengthening collaboration and communication. The pandemic underscores the importance of evidence-based patient care, necessitating the preparation of tomorrow's doctors to address the emerging healthcare challenges with resilience, adaptability, and a comprehensive understanding of both local and global health challenges.

Current communication and behavioral aspects of HIV and STIs: findings from a survey of Medical University students

Aims: To assess the specifics of sexual behavior and awareness among young people regarding STIs and HIV infection, as well as to study the attitude and degree of readiness to help HIV-infected patients among medical university students.
 Materials and methods: To assess the level of awareness on STI and HIV prevention and risky sexual behavior, a sociological survey was conducted through an anonymous questionnaire with the signing of voluntary anonymous consent. To identify the psychological features of the students, which may influence the behavior, the propensity to risk, the attitude towards the disease, the method of assessing the level of communicative tolerance of V.V. Boyko was used. The distribution of responses was analyzed for the entire population of respondents, a representative appropriate volume for each questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS. The 2 criterion and Student's independent t-criterion were assessed. Statistical significance was set as p0.05.
 Results: A total of 565 4th year NSMU students participated in the study which was conducted from 2022-2023. The results of the study demonstrated that the use of the Internet among young people as a source of information about STIs and HIV infection is becoming more popular year by year. The sexual behavior of the students participating in the study was characterized as risky. It was found that medical students (20.5%) experience fear of HIV infection when providing medical care to HIV-infected patients. The level of professional communicative tolerance of future physicians is assessed as high.
 Conclusions: The low level of awareness among young people with regard to sexual health requires strengthening the implementation of existing activities on primary prevention of STIs and HIV infection, as well as the introduction of new preventive measures for these infections, adapted to the needs of young people.The ignorance of the legal aspects of providing care to HIV-infected patients, which was revealed in the course of the survey among medical students, requires more detailed study of these issues during the preparation of future doctors for professional activities.

A Scaffolded Model for Preparing Doctoral Students to Teach in Higher Education

Even though effective teaching is required when doctoral students assume positions in higher education, few doctoral programs have courses or formalized experiences designed around pedagogy for undergraduate and graduate students. The lack of pedagogical emphasis is especially concerning for newly minted doctoral students who will be preparing future special educators to teach students with disabilities in K-12 settings. In this article, the Continuum of Teaching Experiences (CTE) Model for preparing doctoral students to teach in higher education is described. This university teaching model depicts practice opportunities that promote pedagogical learning and prepare doctoral students for independent instruction of higher education courses. The CTE model scaffolds opportunities that provide doctoral students with varied entry points across a continuum of possibilities. Additionally, the CTE model is highly adaptable across multiple doctoral preparation programs, emphasizing a malleable framework that can be refined for variable programmatic needs.

The Doctorate Is Part of the Infrastructure of Our Research Field

This editorial argues that the promotion of research in mathematics education, particularly in the present moment in the United States, requires deliberate thinking about how doctoral preparation supports the development of the human infrastructure for research.

In Search of the Resilient Academic Experience: Dealing with Concerns in Artistic Doctoral Programs

Design and Art PhDs are widely spread across Art Schools around Europe and the world. Doing a PhD in the arts however contains tensions between artistic research approaches, and overall academic setting and requirements. Students, and supervisors, are not always well prepared for the challenges that arise from these tensions. This raises the question: How supervision of artistic research at doctoral level can foster unorthodox approaches and multimedia outcomes, while simultaneously enable doctoral students to navigate academic frameworks? Based on data from a doctoral preparation course, this article outlines typical tensions and, highlights strategies to help navigate them. After a general introduction and the methodology section the article reviews existing approaches in PhD programs in Art and Design that help reflecting our case study. Chapter five presents the case study results and chapter six involves discussion and conclusion on future needs in PhD supervision in the arts.

Can trauma leagues contribute to better cognitive performance and technical skills of medical students? The experience of the Unicamp trauma league.

Trauma leagues (TLs) are extracurricular programs that offer medical students supervised exposure to trauma and acute care surgery, mentorship, and participation in other academic activities. TLs are fully approved medical schools, and currently, over 100 TLs exist in Brazil. We hypothesized that the performance/competence of medical students who participated in TLs was superior compared to non-participants. This study evaluated and compared the cognitive performance and technical skills of the two groups. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the performance of TL medical students to non-TL alumni from 2005 to 2017, using the students' academic performance coefficient, Clinical Competence Assessment, and Progress Test results. SigmaPlot 12.0 software was used to perform statistical analyses, including Mann-Whitney comparison tests and the Kruskal-Wallis test to confirm the data. Of the 1366 medical students who graduated from a Brazilian university, 966 were included, with 17.9% having participated in TL. Compared to non-TL participants, TL students demonstrated better cognitive performance according to the performance coefficient (p = 0.017) and Progress Test result (p < 0.001), and higher achievement in the Clinical Competence Assessment (p < 0.001). The academic performance of TL students was superior to that of non-TL students at the University of Campinas (Unicamp), suggesting a positive impact of TL in the preparation of future doctors. The study findings suggest that participation in TL at Unicamp was beneficial in preparing better doctors and should be considered by medical schools worldwide. II (Retrospective cohort).

Preparing the Next Generation of Equity-Centered Teacher Educators: Considerations for a Pedagogy of Teacher Educator Education

ABSTRACT Within the equity-centered teacher preparation literature, the learning of teacher candidates is often at the center of the conversation. Less prevalent are conversations about the equity-centered teacher educators who will be responsible for equity-centered teacher candidate preparation. The purpose of the study was to understand the development of the next generation of equity-centered teacher educators through doctoral preparation using a teacher knowledge framework coupled with a lens of critical consciousness and praxis. Interviews were utilized to understand the experiences of six doctoral student participants learning about equity-centered teacher education through their participation in various learning contexts within their doctoral program. Findings included the need for equity-centered teacher educators to 1) develop a theoretical basis for working with teacher candidates, 2) engage in consciousness-raising about past experiences and beliefs, and 3) have opportunities for praxis. These findings led to assertions that the next generation of equity-centered teacher educators need opportunities to construct multiple types of knowledge and opportunities to engage in praxis within their preparation. The findings have implications for essential components for preparing the next generation of equity-centered teacher educators.

Preparing Doctoral Students in Special Education: What Do We Really Know?

This exploratory review was conducted to examine recent literature regarding the preparation of doctoral students in special education. Specifically, articles included in this search focused on doctoral preparation in special education between 2005 and 2020. A total of 15 articles were identified and coded for type of study design and themes were developed using qualitative research methods. Results of the qualitative analysis suggest three overarching themes related to special education doctoral preparation. Implications for developing and revising doctoral programs are discussed.

Lights, camera, ward round – assessing perceived usefulness of simulated video cases in Undergraduate Education

COVID-19 has been disruptive to the delivery of medical education, which was felt particularly by final year students transitioning from student to Doctor [1]. ‘Preparation for practice’ (pfp) teaching in this cohort has been shown to significantly increase confidence and possibly patient care [2], therefore the quality of this teaching must be maintained despite restrictions. We created a session in which students watched video cases then they were asked to scribe the consultation, create a jobs list, and complete tasks within small groups. Feedback was provided in a group debriefing. The aim of this study was to test a novel method of teaching: using videos of simulated ward round encounters to practise clinical reasoning and clinical ward skills such as documentation and requesting. The study would assess perceived usefulness in general and when compared with written cases. Fourteen final year medical students from a UK university attended one of two sessions, with the same resources and facilitator. Qualitative and quantitative data was collected by a survey composed of four Likert scale questions and three free text box questions. Feedback was overwhelmingly positive and with a 100% completion rate. Students enjoyed the session, would like to see video cases used in future, and preferred videos over written cases. Positive themes from free-text answers were skills practice, realism, and increased interest. Themes for improvement were audio quality and challenge level. The intended outcomes for the session were focussed on clinical knowledge and reasoning, however students seemed to benefit more from the clinical skills practised (an unintended but positive outcome). Future sessions could be tailored around clinical skills or clinical reasoning- we feel video cases would be useful in both areas. For validity the study would benefit from a larger group size, along with a direct comparison with a ‘control’ session using written cases. The Likert scale questions were positively skewed toward the video cases, so in a repeat study this should be considered. Our use of video cases was a success, with students benefiting in areas both intended and unexpected. This highlighted to us the scope to expand their use in more areas of the curriculum. We hope that by using innovative techniques such as these, we can maintain a high level of ‘pfp’. Further research is needed to assess the credibility and transferability of the video cases as these could prove to be a useful tool in modern medical education. 1. Choi B, Jegatheeswaran L, Minocha A, Alhilani M, Nakhoul M, Mutengesa E. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on final year medical students in the United Kingdom: a national survey. BMC Medical Education. 2020;20(1):1–1. 2. Beedham W, Wanigasooriya K, Layton GR, Taing Chan L, Darr A, Mittapalli D. The Effectiveness of a Foundation Year 1 Doctor Preparation Course for Final Year Medical Students. Journal of medical education and curricular development. 2021 Jan;8:2382120520984184.

RESEARCH COMPONENT IN THE PREPARATION OF PHD-APPLICANTS

The article summarizes the practical experience of the Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University on the creation of organizational and technological conditions for the formation of research competencies in PhD-applicants.In accordance with the content of educational and scientific programs and curricula, the preparation of doctors of philosophy includes theoretical study, practical training, conducting their own scientific research, and also provides for the involvement of graduate students in research activities in a higher education institution and the creation of favorable conditions for its implementation. The Faculty of Social and Psychological Education of the Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University implements three educational and scientific programs (ESPs), the applicants of which join the work of scientific structural units of the faculty, providing both research and organization of the educational process of professional competencies and outcomes of the educational and scientific programs. At the faculty, attention is paid to holding conferences and seminars of various levels. Such events are a classic form of providing opportunities for young scientists to test the results of their research, present in the scientific community through speeches, and expand the boundaries of scientific communication. An important area that ensures the combination of training with scientific research during the implementation of the Educational Program (EP) is the development of scientific research topics, the development and implementation of research projects within the framework of grant funding.Participation in the work of the Scientific Society of Students and Postgraduates of the Faculty and the Council of Young Scientists contributes to the development of scientific interests of applicants for higher education.Along with the adherence to principles of combining education with scientific research, the principles of student-centered learning, academic freedom, in particular in the choice of research topics, scientific supervisors, important attention is paid to the practices of observing academic integrity in the scientific activities of graduate students and their supervisors, teachers.

FORMATION OF INDIVIDUAL EDUCATIONAL TRAJECTORY OF DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY IN SOCIAL WORK IN THE CONTEXT OF PREPARATION FOR YOUTH WORK

Reforming all systems of modern society is an important stage in the development of education and science in Ukraine. Training of scientific and scientific-pedagogical staff in the field of social work in accordance with modern requirements of society, issues of research that will be potentially implemented and integrated into the educational process, in the field of social services. The training of doctors of philosophy in social work in Ukraine is an important component of higher education institutions and research institutions. The purpose of the article is to carry out a comparative analysis of selected components of educational and scientific programs in the specialty "Social Work" for the preparation of doctors of philosophy for youth work. The study used such methods as analysis, comparison, and generalization of various sources on the researched problem; comparative analysis of selective components of educational programs for the training of doctors of philosophy in social work in Ukraine in the context of youth work.The article highlights the main educational institutions that train doctors of philosophy at the third (educational and scientific) level of higher education; educational and research programs have been covered, that include the study of selected components related to youth work and youth policy; the names of educational programs of educational institutions and research institutions that provide educational services are given; working programs, syllabi, catalog of selective components of educational and scientific programs of the third (educational and scientific) level of higher education in the context of youth work are analyzed. The publication presents a comparative analysis of the selective educational components of the Social Work educational program of the institutions of higher education and research institutions, identifies and summarizes the number of hours, credits, forms of control, purpose, and main topics of the discipline.It is concluded that according to the comparative analysis of selective educational components of educational and scientific programs of training of doctors of philosophy of the third (educational and scientific) level of higher education it is found that the disciplines have in common credits, hours, forms of control. but different content and purpose, which is a feature that can be attractive to the applicants.

Problematic issues of system of training for primary link of health care and a way of their decision

In this article survey of modern scientific approaches to the organization of effective system of training is provided. New approaches to application of educational clusters, transmitting medicine are provided. Efficiency of formation of educational, research and production clusters in a health care system for ensuring high-quality preparation and further professional activity of the doctor on the basis of integration of medical science, education and practical health care is shown. Legal aspects of implementation between sectorial interaction are analyzed. Development of the main approaches to the organization of training for system of the general practice - family medicine on the basis of science integration, education and practice became a research objective. Materials and methods. In the course of the research methods of scientific documents semantic estimation, and also a method of the structural and logical analysis have been used. Results. Modern problems of staffing of rendering primary medical care are analyzed. The special attention is paid to questions of requirements changes to quality of the general practice - family medicine doctor preparation with emphasis on introduction of modern educational methods and technologies, such as distance learning, the training centers, etc. is. Conclusion. Ensuring quality of medical education in Ukraine has to happen constantly with taking into account the best domestic and international experience by results of which, this process remains multidimensional and demands constant improvement in the evidence-based directions.

TRAINING TECHNOLOGIES AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL OF OPTIMIZATION OF MOTIVATION AND GOAL PARTICIPATION OF FUTURE DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY

A retrospective analysis of the scientific literature was carried out in order to identify the essence of the concept of “training”, the author’s interpretation of this definition is presented. The relevance of using training technologies in the educational process of freelance as an effective tool for optimizing the motivation of future doctors of philosophy in research activities and identifies features of the introduction of basic forms of work during training in the preparation of future doctors in graduate school for professional and personal growth. The essence and content of training as a learning technology aimed at the development of professional and personal qualities, the formation of research competence and increase the level of motivation to perform this activity. An attempt is made to systematize the basic principles of training sessions, based on the positions of andragogy as a fundamental element of the mechanism of using training technology. The article actualizes the role of training technologies, considers their functions, advantages and ways of implementation. The problem field of research in the perspective of the research topic is the lack of a unified conceptual apparatus, unity in understanding and practical application of principles, methods and techniques of training technologies in preparation, development of personal and professional resources and more. It was stated that properly organized training in terms of methodological and functional aspects will help ensure a number of professional and personal changes. The possibility of motivation formation and goal setting development in the process of research activity, formation of its positive dynamics in the conditions of training work is substantiated. It is proved that the developed ability to set goals and the presence of motivation contributes to a clear vision of the prospects and opportunities for personal and professional self-realization of future doctors of philosophy.

The System of Training Doctors of Philosophy in the Field of Health Care of Ukraine and Analysis of the Results of Accreditation Examinations of Structured Educational and Scientific Programs

In September 2016, Ukrainian higher education and research institutions began training doctors of philosophy in structured educational and scientific programs, which replaced the system of training candidates of sciences. Relevant reform of postgraduate studies and the design of defence of dissertation research is an element of Ukraine’s integration into the European educational, scientific and research space and is provided by the new version of the Law of Ukraine «On Higher Education», adopted in 2014. According to the Qualifications Framework of the European Higher Education Area, obtaining the first degree is at the same time the third, final cycle of higher education (the first cycle is a bachelor’s degree, the second is a master’s degree). According to the Unified State Electronic Database on Education as of December 2021 in Ukraine, the total licensed training of third-level higher education in the field of knowledge «22 - Health» is 2158 places, and activity is conducted by 53 institutions of different subordination and forms of ownership. The largest share of the total licensed training of doctors of philosophy in the field of «22 Health» is accumulated in institutions under the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Only a quarter of the total licensed volume falls on institutions under the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and two higher education institutions of private ownership. Analysis of the results of accreditation examinations of educational and scientific programs for the preparation of doctors of philosophy in the field of «22 Health» showed that 35.1 % of licensed places for training in the field of knowledge «22 Health» are non-accredited programs.

Role of pedagogy and psychology in the development of self­-actualization and value orientations of medical residents

The article discusses topical issues of training future health care specialists at different stages of professionalization. Particular attention is paid to the stage of training in residency, when not only the formation and development of the activity professionalism, but also the personality professionalism of the future doctor is carried out.Important knowledge during training in residency and postgraduate institution is acquired by the need for self-­actualization and value orientations of trainees in the structure of an individual’s professionalism. The work emphasizes that in the preparation of future doctors, the resolution of indicated problem can successfully occur not only under the influence of central medical disciplines for training highly qualified personnel. Today, many researchers focus on the role of humanitarian disciplines, which have a significant impact on the personal and professional aspects of training. In this case, what it involves is the mastering of Pedagogy and Educational Psychology programs.The study found that the participation of residents in training in two educational humanitarian programs provides favorable transformation of value orientations, reflecting the need for self­-actualization, acceptance of medical practice values, and value attitude to the professionalism of a doctor. The data obtained indicate the need for purposeful use of pedagogy and psychology to improve the professionalism of future doctors during preparation for professional activity.

Implementation of European standards of Higher Medical Education in Vinnitsa National Medical University by M.I. Pyrogov

The innovations of the European standards of higher medical education take place at the level of perfection of methods and organization of pedagogical process, science and clinical practice. Created department of monitoring of quality of education, the paradigm of state attestation is substantially changed - inculcated only state qualifying examination, «КРОК-2», preparation to the international testing from bases of medicine (IFOM) and examination from the foreign language of professional aspiration, the Medical simulations center is created, Study Training center of practical preparation of doctors, scientific activity of university is activated and the new are created scientifically are research centers.