DNase Activity Research Articles

To analyze the role of DNase-I and its main regulatory factors controlling the cirDNA degradation, in relation to LDG subsets in SLE. DNase-I, anti-DNase-I antibodies and plasma gelsolin (pGSN) levels were quantified using immunoassays in SLE patients (n = 144) and controls (n = 42). DNase-I activity and cirDNA concentrations were determined by fluorescence-based assays, while mitochondrial/nuclear DNA (mtDNA/nDNA) were quantified by qPCR and LDGs by flow cytometry. Serum DNase-I levels were increased in SLE without a concomitant increase in DNase activity, particularly among anti-dsDNApositive patients, who also displayed the highest cirDNA concentrations. Furthermore, anti-DNase-I antibody levels were elevated in these patients and positively correlated with the DNase-I/cirDNA ratio. Upregulation of DNase-I was counteracted by the DNase-regulatory protein pGSN, whose levels were reduced in active patients or with cardiovascular disease. Moreover, higher pGSN levels were associated with fewer CD16neg-LDG, an atherogenic subset. Notably, mtDNA may contribute to the generation of CD16pos-LDG, which were increased in SLE and inversely associated with DNase activity. However, mtDNA in controls correlated with circulating DNase-I levels and activity, suggesting a homeostatic role. The DNase-I levels vs enzymatic activity imbalance in SLE may be influenced by elevated anti-DNase-I antibodies and diminished pGSN concentrations, collectively impairing cirDNA degradation and promoting anti-DNA autoantibody production. Additionally, our findings suggest a homeostatic role for mtDNA in DNase-I regulation, which is disrupted in SLE. Moreover, pGSN appears to exert a protective effect by preserving DNase-I activity and restraining the CD16neg-LDGs expansion, highlighting its potential therapeutic application in SLE-related cardiovascular complications.

Introduction Traditional fermented foods are rich reservoirs of probiotic microorganisms, yet several remain scientifically underexplored. The current research focused on the screening, isolation, identification, and assessment of potential probiotic isolates exhibiting β-galactosidase activity from naturally fermented Palmyra palm ( Borassus flabellifer ) nectar, a culturally significant, traditional beverage consumed in India. Methods A total of 80 bacterial isolates were obtained under aseptic conditions and screened through cultural, microscopic, and biochemical analyses. Fifty-six Gram-positive, catalase-negative isolates were shortlisted for probiotic evaluation. Selected isolates were assessed for simulated gastrointestinal conditions, cell surface properties (auto-aggregation, hydrophobicity, co-aggregation and Biofilm production), β-galactosidase and exopolysaccharide production, antioxidant activity, antibiotic susceptibility, and safety through hemolysis and DNase activity. Results Seventeen isolates exhibited desirable adhesion-related traits, of which seven strains demonstrated superior probiotic potential. These strains tolerated acidic and bile conditions, produced high levels of exopolysaccharides (573-785 mg/L) and β-galactosidase (110.25-221.09 U/mL), and showed significant cell surface hydrophobicity (35.87-69.93%), auto-aggregation (59.29-82.76%), and co-aggregation with pathogens Salmonella Typhi (MTCC 733) 46.58 - 70.87% and S. flexneri (ATCC 12022) 53.45 - 78.85%. They also exhibited substantial hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (57.68-70.66%) and were safe and antibiotic-susceptible. Discussion The findings highlight the probiotic potential and functional attributes of Palmyra nectar - derived bacteria. Their ability to survive gut-like conditions, hydrolyze lactose, adhere to intestinal mucosa, and provide antioxidant benefits supports their application in functional foods and nutraceuticals aimed at improving gut health and lactose digestion.

ABSTRACTChronic periodotitis is caused by the formation of biofilms. Prevotella intermedia, a gram‐negative obligate anaerobic bacterium residing in periodontal pockets is involved in the formation of biofilms and secrets a highly potent DNA‐degrading activity. Biofilm contains extracellular DNA as a structural component, suggesting that DNase activity may influence P. intermedia's own biofilm development. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have mesh‐like structures and composed of DNA, histone and antibacterial proteins. NETs play an important role in protecting against infection, but it is possible that DNase of P. intermedia disrupts NETs. The lack of established genetic manipulation has significantly delayed the analysis of DNase pathogenic factors. Recently, we have succeeded in establishing a genetic manipulation technique for P. intermedia. In this study, we created strains lacking two DNase candidate genes, nucA (PIOMA14_I_0621) and nucD (PIOMA14_II_0624), that were highly conserved among P. intermedia strains. We examined biochemical analysis of DNase activity, their effection on biofilm formation, and their evasion of NETs. Here, we showed both of them possessed DNase activities which appeared to account all of DNase activities of the bacterium. The mutant analysis further demonstrated that NucA and NucD destroyed biofilm and NETs formations. Neither one was perfectly responsible for DNase activity, but rather they take turns depending on the conditions. In conclusion, the nucA and nucD genes encode DNases that cooperatively function on biofilm formation and suppress NETs formation in P. intermedia.

Abstract Fermented foods are promising sources of novel probiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro probiotic properties of microorganisms isolated from traditional plant-based Ethiopian fermented foods (white and brown Teff doughs, and Kocho ) and beverages ( Borde , and Cheka) . Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were the dominant microbial group in these products, alongside a notable presence of yeasts. Among the isolated microorganisms, only 27 demonstrated reasonable survival rates under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions of pH and bile salts with an adequate adhesion capacity. Out of 27 isolates exhibiting probiotic properties, 19 strains of the LAB species Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum , Lentilactobacillus buchneri , Pediococcus pentosaceus, Weissella cibaria and Weissella confuse; and 8 strains of the yeasts species Pichia ethanolica , Pichia fermentans and Sporidiobolus salmonicolor were identified. None of the identified isolates showed DNase, gelatinase and hemolytic activities. Additionally, most isolates displayed significant inhibition against Acinetobacter baumannii, Shigella flexneri and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhi, and they were sensitive to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Since most of the identified strains (LAB and yeasts WI79 and BI100 strains) were good probiotic candidates, these findings highlight the probiotic potential of microorganisms naturally present in indigenous Ethiopian fermented foods and beverages.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with high mortality rates and respiratory compromise in which excessive neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) production may amplify alveolar inflammation and injury. Dornase alfa, a recombinant DNAse 1, has been proposed to attenuate these effects by degrading extracellular DNA and enhancing alveolar clearance of NETs. In this multicenter, open-label, randomized in two parallel arms (1:1) controlled trial, intubated COVID-19 ARDS patients received either standard-of-care (SOC) alone or SOC plus aerosolized dornase alfa (2500 IU twice daily for 7 days). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with ARDS severity improvement at Day 7, defined by at least one-grade improvement on the Berlin criteria scale. Secondary outcomes included 28-day mortality, ventilator-free days, ICU-free days, and changes in key ventilatory parameters. Biological samples were analyzed to assess NET related markers, DNAse drug activity and indicate possible bioavailability issues associated with aerosolization of dornase alfa. Seventy-seven patients were enrolled (dornase alfa group, n = 39; SOC group, n = 38). At Day 7, ARDS severity improved in 18% of patients receiving dornase alfa compared with 29% in the SOC group (adjusted OR: 0.33; 95% CI 0.09-1.14; p = 0.11). Secondary endpoints, including 28-day mortality, ventilator-free days, and ICU-free days, showed no significant differences between groups. Adverse events occurred in 38.5% of patients in the dornase alfa arm versus 31.6% in the SOC arm, indicating comparable safety profiles. Despite early increases in NET plasmatic levels observed in both groups and successful ex vivo NET degradation, aerosolized dornase alfa failed to significantly enhance DNAse activity or reduce NET-related markers in patients' plasma and mucus, suggesting potential bioavailability limitations with this delivery method. In patients with COVID-19-related ARDS, dornase alfa did neither significantly reduce ARDS severity nor improve clinical outcomes over SOC. Although well tolerated, analysis of biological samples suggests that aerosol administration may have compromised drug bioavailability. Further trials are needed to determine whether specific patient subgroups could benefit more from dornase alfa or if alternative drug delivery methods might enhance treatment efficacy. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04355364. Registered on 21/04/2020.

IntroductionProvidencia rettgeri (Pr) and Providencia stuartii (Ps) are clinically relevant opportunistic pathogens. They are resistant to several antibiotics including carbapenems. The immune response against these pathogens has never been investigated. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether neutrophils (PMN), key players against bacterial infections, were able to recognize and eliminate these bacteria.MethodsWe measured PMN functions after challenge with selected clinical isolates of Pr and Ps, and used Escherichia coli ATCC (Eco), which fully activates PMN, for comparison. Bacterial survival was evaluated after exposure of PMN to bacteria for 1 or 3 h and colony formation units (CFU) were determined.ResultsWhile PMN were able to partially contain Ps growth at 1 h, at 3 h both Pr and Ps were able to escape PMN-mediated killing compared to Eco, which was efficiently killed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was not induced by Pr or poorly induced by Ps, compared to Eco, but phagocytosis of Pr, Ps, and Eco was similar. Although Pr and Ps induced the release of double-stranded (d.s.) DNA early at 30 min (vital neutrophils extracellular traps or NETs), the release of late-induced NETs (3 h, suicidal NETs) was not observed, consistent with the absence of PMN death observed with Pr or Ps. In addition, Pr and Ps decreased suicidal NETs when Eco or PMA were used as inducers. This decrease was abolished by fixed bacteria, and was dependent on the release of a DNase activity. Twenty-four h after i.p. inoculation of mice with Pr, Ps or Eco, all bacteria induced migration of PMN to the peritoneum, but no PMN activation or NETs was observed in Pr or Ps-treated mice. When the distribution of bacteria in different organs was measured by CFU determination, Pr and Ps disseminated to the spleen and lungs, whereas Eco was exclusively present in the peritoneum.DiscussionThe isolates used in this study of Pr and Ps are poor inducers of bactericidal PMN responses and display immune evasion strategies to subvert PMN-mediated killing. These evasion mechanisms, acting on degrading vital NETs and/or blocking the formation of suicidal NETs, would favor bacterial dissemination.

Antinuclear antibodies, especially anti-DNA antibodies, are known to be a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and represent a diverse pool of autoantibodies with different origins, antigenic properties, and physicochemical features. Antibodies with catalytic properties have been found among the antibody repertoire in SLE, but the specific features and clinical associations of such antibodies have not been sufficiently studied. This study showed that chromatographically purified IgG from the serum of SLE patients effectively hydrolyzed DNA and DNA-associated proteins such as histones and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) compared to healthy individuals. Remarkably, the level of hydrolysis of DNA and DNA-associated proteins was closely correlated. At the same time, these antibodies did not hydrolyze the control protein, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), which does not possess DNA-binding properties. IgG DNase activity levels varied significantly, so patients were divided into high- and low-activity subgroups using the DBSCAN algorithm, with the difference between median values being greater than 49 times. The subgroup with high IgG DNase activity was characterized by an increase in anti-DNA antibodies (p < 0.04) than the subgroup with low activity, which had a shorter duration of the disease (p = 0.03) and was more often characterized by a subacute rather than a non-chronic course of the disease (p = 0.048). High catalase-like activity of IgG was also detected in SLE. Thus, the antibody pool in SLE contains not only high-affinity antinuclear autoantibodies but also catalytic antibodies capable of hydrolyzing DNA and DNA-associated proteins. These findings expand our understanding of the heterogeneity of the repertoire of catalytic autoantibodies among SLE patients.

Natural and anthropogenic impact on lysosomal response of Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck 1891.

BACKGROUND:Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to atherosclerosis progression and are linked to adverse clinical outcomes such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Although the triggers of NET formation in plaques are known, the mechanisms governing DNase-mediated NET clearance and how these are disrupted during atherosclerosis remain unclear. Moreover, the consequences of impaired NET clearance on disease progression are not known.METHODS:Low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (Ldlr−/−) mice with hematopoietic cell–specific deletion of DNase1 and DNase1L3 were fed a Western-type diet for 16 weeks to examine the impact of loss of DNase activity and the subsequent NET accumulation on advanced atherosclerosis. The effect of NETs on macrophage efferocytosis was examined in vitro and in the mouse peritoneal cavity and atherosclerotic plaque in vivo. To identify the signaling pathway impairing the NET-induced DNase response, in vitro assays were performed using selective endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway inhibitors, and the findings were validated in murine and human atherosclerotic tissues.RESULTS:Lack of DNase secretion by macrophages led to accumulation of NETs in local tissues, including atherosclerotic plaques. Persisting NETs in turn promoted cleavage of the efferocytosis receptor MerTK (c-mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase), resulting in defective macrophage efferocytosis and increased atherosclerotic plaque necrosis. In vitro screening identified endoplasmic reticulum stress–induced activation of the PERK (protein kinase R–like endoplasmic reticulum kinase)–ATF (activating transcription factor) 4 signaling axis in atherogenic macrophages as a key driver of impaired DNase secretion, leading to delayed NET clearance and their pathological persistence. Treatment of human atherosclerotic plaques and Ldlr−/− mice with integrated stress response inhibitor, a selective PERK inhibitor, restored vascular DNase secretion and facilitated NET clearance.CONCLUSIONS:Macrophages play a key role in clearing NETs from tissues. Endoplasmic reticulum stress suppresses macrophage DNase secretion, leading to NET accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques, which triggers efferocytosis impairment and plaque progression. Targeting the PERK-ATF4 axis to restore DNase release and NET clearance represents a promising therapeutic strategy to promote plaque stabilization.

The alarming rise of antibiotic resistance necessitates the search for novel and safe alternatives to conventional therapies. Probiotics and their metabolites, particularly bacteriocins, are increasingly recognized for maintaining gut health, combating pathogens, and alleviating oxidative stress. Bats, with their diverse and underexplored gut microbiota, represent a unique reservoir of probiotic strains and bioactive peptides. This study aimed to isolate and characterize a novel probiotic strain from the intestine of the insectivorous bat Hipposideros speoris and evaluate its probiotic attributes, antioxidant potential, safety traits, and bacteriocin production. The isolated strain was identified as Enterococcus hirae BNT6 through 16S rRNA sequencing. Probiotic properties including acid and bile tolerance, cell surface hydrophobicity, adhesion to SW480 epithelial cells, and antioxidant activities (DPPH and ABTS scavenging) were assessed. Safety traits were evaluated through hemolysis, DNase activity, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Bacteriocin purification was carried out using ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration chromatography and RP-HPLC. Antimicrobial activity was tested against pathogenic bacteria, while molecular characterization was performed by SDS-PAGE, MALDI-TOF MS, peptide mass fingerprinting, spectroscopic analysis, and 3D in silico modeling. E. hirae BNT6 survived at pH 3, tolerated 0.3% bile salts, showed high hydrophobicity (51.7%), and adhered efficiently to SW480 cells. It exhibited strong antioxidant activity (65.7% DPPH and 81.6% ABTS scavenging). Safety evaluation confirmed its non-hemolytic, DNase-negative phenotype and susceptibility to most clinically relevant antibiotics. The purified bacteriocin, Enterocin BNT6, displayed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus subtilis, and remained stable under varying pH, temperature, and enzymatic conditions. Molecular analyses indicated a size of ~ 27kDa (SDS-PAGE) and ~ 15kDa (MALDI-TOF MS), with peptide mass fingerprinting showing 59% similarity to mammalian FAM216B protein. Structural studies revealed a predominantly α-helical conformation. Our findings establish Enterococcus hirae BNT6 as the first bat-derived probiotic strain producing a FAM216B-like bacteriocin with strong probiotic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. In silico structural modeling revealed a predominantly α-helical, stable conformation with striking similarity to mammalian FAM216B, suggesting potential evolutionary mimicry. These unique attributes highlight its promise as a next-generation therapeutic and microbiome-based intervention.

Abstract. Yanti AH, Arinendo HI, Setyawati TR, Kurniatuhadi R. 2025. Total hemocyte and hemoglobin changes in nypa palm worm (Namalycastis rhodochorde) to Aeromonas sp. NrBF9 infection. Biodiversitas 26: 4274-4283. Nypa palm worms (Namalycastis rhodochorde) are polychaetes essential to mangrove ecosystems as detritivores and decomposers. They also hold economic value for coastal communities through cultivation. However, pathogenic infections threaten their survival and aquaculture. Aeromonas sp. NrBF9, isolated from the worms’ fecal pellets, is an indigenous pathogen with hemolytic and DNase activities that likely cause hematological damage. Previous studies observed blanching symptoms in cultured worms exposed to Aeromonas from their feces, hypothesized to result from blood and hemocyte damage, though this remains unconfirmed. This study examined the hematological profile of nypa palm worms after dorsal injection with Aeromonas sp. NrBF9 at 10³, 10?, and 10? cells/mL. Parameters assessed included total hemocyte counts, hemoglobin levels, and hemocyte diameters. Hemolytic activity was tested using a smear method on worm blood agar. Results showed infected worms developed anemia, with significant reductions in total hemocyte counts (32.9%, 39.2%, and 39.9% decreases at 10³, 10?, and 10? cells/mL, respectively; p = 0.007, p&lt;0.05), and hemocyte diameters (8.8%, 12.5%, and 15.0% decreases at 10³, 10?, and 10? cells/mL, respectively; p = 0.00, p&lt;0.05). Infected worms also exhibited paler hemocytes and hemocyte aggregation, while hemoglobin levels remained unchanged (p = 0.679, p&gt;0.05). Aeromonas sp. NrBF9 displayed ?-hemolytic activity on worm blood agar. These findings show changes in hemocyte counts and colonization caused by Aeromonas infection, emphasizing the need for early detection and management to minimize losses and boost nypa palm worm aquaculture productivity.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large DNA virus that causes a highly lethal disease in pigs and currently has no effective vaccines or antiviral treatments available. We designed a protein switch that combines the DNase domain of colicin E9 (DNase E9) and its inhibitor Im9 with the viral protease cleavage site. The complex is only destroyed in the presence of an ASFV pS273R protease, which releases DNase activity. Several Im9 variants were constructed by inserting the pS273R protease cleavage sequence into different exposed loops. From these, we identified an optimized variant (Im9-1.4) that remains highly stable and tightly bound to DNase E9, suppressing its activity in the absence of protease. Exposure to the ASFV protease results in cleavage of Im9-1.4, rendering it unable to inhibit DNase E9 activity. In vitro assays confirmed that the DNase E9/Im9-1.4 complex becomes catalytically active upon proteolytic digestion with pS273R protease. This virus-triggered 'kill switch' is designed to render pig cells nonpermissive to ASFV by aborting infection via viral DNA degradation. Our study offers a generalizable synthetic biology strategy that uses virus-encoded proteases to trigger dormant effectors, exemplified by this protease-sensing DNase. This synthetic restriction system might be used to develop ASFV-resistant pigs.

BackgroundProstate glandular tissue maintains a delicate balance between cellular proliferation and programmed cell death (apoptosis), ensuring the preservation of normal glandular architecture in healthy individuals. Disruption of this equilibrium - whether due to excessive proliferation or impaired apoptotic mechanisms - can contribute to the initiation and progression of prostate cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression and activity of caspase-3, caspase-1, and alkaline deoxyribonuclease (DNase) in prostate cancer tissue and tumour-adjacent tissue in comparison to clinically healthy prostate tissue. The aim was to determine whether alterations in these parameters could serve as early biomarkers for the transformation of surrounding tissue into a precancerous phenotype.MethodsThe concentration of caspase-3 and caspase-1, as well as the activity of alkaline DNase, were examined in prostate tissue samples, including cancerous tissue, adjacent tissue near the tumour, and surrounding healthy tissue.ResultsThe results revealed a significant reduction in caspase-3 levels in cancerous tissue (p<0.05), with an even more pronounced decrease in the adjacent peritumoural tissue (p<0.05). In contrast, caspase-1 levels were markedly elevated in both cancerous tissue (p<0.00001) and the surrounding non-malignant peritumoural tissue (p<0.0005). Similarly, alkaline DNase activity (both total and specific) was significantly increased in cancerous tissue (p<0.00001), with a moderate but statistically significant elevation in the tumour-adjacent tissue (p<0.000017) compared to control tissue.ConclusionsThese findings suggest a disruption in the interplay between caspase-3 and alkaline DNase, potentially as a consequence of necrotic processes or enzyme release from inhibitory complexes. Furthermore, the increased expression of caspase-1 implies that inflammatory responses may play a role in tumourigenesis.

Probiotic potential, safety assessment, and functional properties of lactic acid bacteria from camel milk.

Bacterial biofilm degradation by recombinant SpdAZ cloned from Streptococcus pyogenes ADUYE1.

The present study investigates the techno-functional and biosafety potential of Meyerozyma guilliermondii YB1 (OQ832654) as a novel starter culture for functional foods. M. guilliermondii YB1 exhibited xylanase and phytase activity, with an activity index (AI) of 0.66 and 0.21, respectively. Antimicrobial assays demonstrated inhibition against Escherichia coli MTCC 3222, Salmonella typhimurium MTCC 3224, and Aspergillus sp. CTS1, confirming its potential in food preservation. Furthermore, the yeast efficiently fermented a broad range of carbohydrates required for food fermentations. Auto-aggregation increased from 25% at 2h to 96.04% at 72h, while hydrophobicity ranged from 38.54% to 66.16%, indicating strong gut adhesion properties. Growth at 37°C followed a normal sigmoidal curve, with optimal proliferation up to 48h. Bile salt tolerance (0.3%) and acid resistance (pH 2.5-3.5) further confirmed its survival under gastrointestinal conditions. The non-pathogenicity of M. guilliermondii YB1 was confirmed through antifungal susceptibility testing, absence of gelatinase, DNase activity, and a negative Congo red binding test, thereby supporting its use as a reliable functional food starter. Collectively, these attributes establish M. guilliermondii YB1 as a promising candidate for functional food applications, offering improved digestibility, food safety, and health benefits.

Recombinant human DNase treatment mitigates extracellular trap mediated damage and improves long-term recovery after spinal cord injury in male mice.

The present protocol describes a simple and sensitive ratiometric Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay for the detection and quantitative assessment of DNase activity. Ratiometric FRET measurements make use of the ratio of donor and acceptor emission signals. The assay detects single-stranded DNA breaks using a staple-shaped, dual-tagged 38-mer FRET oligoprobe, employed as a real-time DNA cleavage sensor. The main application of the described approach is the quantitative assessment of the effects of reaction conditions, such as pH, temperature, and buffer composition, on DNase activity. Due to its ability to detect even minor and slow DNA cleavage, the assay is particularly well suited for investigating weak nucleolytic activity requiring extended periods of observation and for studying the effects of pH on DNase activity. These specific advantages of this ratiometric FRET protocol are illustrated by its application to the detection and analysis of the DNase activity of leukocyte elastase inhibitor (LEI).

The objective of this study was to perform a preliminary in vitro characterization of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BG112, assessing its safety and technological features for potential application as a culture starter for an industrial fermented dry meat product. In vitro assays assessed its viability, probiotic properties, and safety for use in food formulations. The strain was characterized through morphological and biochemical tests, carbohydrate fermentation profiling, and various in vitro assays based on FAO/WHO criteria for probiotic selection. These included proteolytic activity, auto-aggregation capacity, tolerance to simulated gastric juice and bile salts, antimicrobial activity, and resistance to sodium chloride, nitrite, and low pH. Safety evaluations were also performed by testing antibiotic susceptibility, hemolytic activity, and DNAse production. The results showed that L. plantarum BG112 exhibited strong tolerance to adverse environmental conditions typically found during sausage fermentation and ripening, along with significant inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. The strain also demonstrated no hemolytic or DNAse activity and presented a favorable antibiotic sensitivity profile, meeting key safety requirements for probiotic use. Further studies using meat matrices and in vivo models are needed to validate these findings. This study contributes to the early-stage selection of safe and technologically suitable strains for use in fermented meat products. These findings support the potential application of L. plantarum BG112 as a safe and effective starter culture in the development of high-value, premium fermented meat products, aligned with current consumer demand for health-enhancing and natural foods.

Functional characterization of Mrr-family nuclease SLL1429 involved in MMC and phage resistance.