DMFT Index Research Articles

Association of dental caries in the era of COVID-19 with the number of occluded coronary vessels: A non-traditional risk factor in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Background: Dental caries and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are prevalent chronic multifactorial disorders with several etiopathological risk factors. This study aims to assess the association between carious teeth and the number of coronary arteries identified by angiography among ACS patients. Material and Methods: 118 patients with ACS were evaluated clinically by cardiologists. Participants’ dental hygiene was assessed using the DMFT index. Before having their coronary angiography evaluated, all individuals had their urea, creatinine, and troponin serum levels checked. Echocardiography was also done. The relationship between the DMFT scoring index and echocardiographic and angiographic data was examined. Results: All subjects studied had poor dental health overall (13.7±9.8), and their mean ages were 57.2±10.2 years. There were 118 participants in this study, and males made up 77.1% of the group. The majority of ACS (60.7%) had a high DMFT score (DMFT > 9), which in most cases indicated a significant number of missing teeth (10.9±8.9). Around half of the patients had poor carious status (DMFT > 10). The DMFT index and LVEF% measurements had non-significant positive relationships. According to the ROC curve, DMFT and its components lacked the diagnostic capacity to distinguish participants with one occluded coronary artery from ACS patients affected by multiple coronary arteries. Conclusion: Although it cannot be used to predict the severity of the ACS, oral hygiene regarding dental status is related to the number of stenosed coronary arteries (but not LVEF%).

Correlation of dental caries severity with physical properties of saliva in connection with nutrition status among a group of adolescent

Abstract Background: One of the most common oral health problems in the world, dental caries, is a multifactorial sickness. Interactions between saliva, fermentable carbohydrates, acid-producing bacteria, and several host factors cause it. Objective: This study was conducted among a group of adolescents to evaluate the correlation of dental caries severity with the physical properties of saliva in connection with nutrition status among a group of adolescents. Materials and Methods: In total, 90 teenagers of both genders, aged 15, participated in the current observational (comparison) study. The participants were split into two groups: 60 had previously had caries (the study group) and 30 had not (the control group). Adolescents with diverse caries experiences were separated into two groups in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations from 2013: 30 of them had moderately carious (1–3) teeth, and 30 had severely carious experiences (Decay-Missing-Filled Teeth [DMFT] > 10). Caries’ experience was measured using the DMFT Index. Weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) measurements were used to determine nutritional status. Based on their BMI, adolescents were categorized as having a healthy weight, being at risk of becoming overweight, or being overweight. Results: The current study’s findings show that both salivation rate and salivary and potential of hydrogen (pH) mostly decrease within nutritional status and caries severity groups but with no significant difference except in the total sample in salivation rate among nutritional status, its result is significant; also, there is a significant result between healthy and overweight in salivary flow rate, whereas other results are not significant. Conclusion: This study concluded that obesity is one of the factors responsible for deranged salivary parameters, that is, diminished stimulated salivary flow rate, buffer capacity, and salivary pH, which in turn has an adverse effect on oral health.

OVERVIEW OF EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES AND PREVENTION PRACTICES IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN PONTIANAK

arly Childhood Caries (ECC) is a dental caries disease in children characterized by one or more carious lesions (cavitary or non-cavitated), primary teeth missing/removed due to caries, or primary teeth filled in children under 71 months of age. Prevention of ECC can be done from the time of pregnancy, which aims to prevent the transmission of bacteria that cause dental caries from mother to child. Prevention of ECC continues when the baby is born with the help of parents to keep the child's teeth clean and maintain the child's diet. The research aims to discover how ECC describes and practices prevention in preschool children in Pontianak City. This research design is descriptive to see an overview of ECC and its prevention practices in preschoolers. Results DMFT examination on 107 kindergarten children aged 3-5 years, 13 children were free from caries, while 94 children had caries. Caries' status in the calculation of the DMFT index was determined according to WHO criteria, namely 0.0-1.1 very low, 1.2-2.6 low, 2.7-4.4 moderate, 4.5-6.5 high, >6,6 is very high. The DMFT index status assessment results get an average DMFT index value of 7,046, which is included in the very high category. Meanwhile, the average ECC prevention practice for children in Pontianak is 63.72%, which is included in the good category. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the caries status of kindergarten children aged 3-5 years in Pontianak City obtained the DMFT index, which includes the very high category. While preventing ECC in kindergarten children aged 3-5 years in the city of Pontianak obtained scores included in the good category. Expected with this research, parents can better maintain and improve their health and well-being by applying knowledge about how to maintain children's dental and oral health so that they can give directions to children better to maintain good oral and dental health and the age of 3-5 years are very susceptible to caries.

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE SEVERITY OF DENTAL CARIES AND THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF TEENAGE GIRLS IN ORPHANAGES IN BANJARMASIN

Background: Teenagers experience an increase of caries rate every year, such as the rate of 4.9 in 2013 increased to 7.2 in 2018. The caries rate by female teenagers tends to be higher than the male's rate of 7.2 in number. Adolescents, especially female teenagers, have a high sensitivity to the perfection of their physical appearance and attractiveness so that the high caries rate can be a negative influence on their quality of life. Purpose: To analyze the relationship between the severity of caries and the quality of life teenage girls in female orphanages in Banjarmasin. Methods: The method that was used in this study was observational analytic with the implementation of a cross sectional approach. The samples were taken by using simple random sampling techniques with a cross sectional sample formula being applied, obtaining 42 respondents. The data were collected by using the DMF-T index measurement instrument and the Indonesian version of COHIP-SF 19 questionnaire which had been tested for validity and reliability tests. Results: The results of Rank-Spearman test data analysis obtained the significant value of 0.000 (p<0.05) which means the level of dental caries of teenage girls in the orphanages with their quality of life related to dental and oral health had a significant relation, the correlation value that was obtained was 0.531, which means the strength of the correlation was strong toward the positive direction correlation (unidirectional). Conclusion: There is a correlation between the severity of dental caries and the quality of life of teenage girls in the orphanages. Keywords : Caries, orphanage, quality of life, teenage girl

Dental radiographic changes in individuals with COVID-19: a controlled retrospective study.

The aim of this study is to compare the pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 dental radiological findings of individuals with positive rRT-PCR test results and with healthy controls using the apical periodontitis grade scale (APGS), radiographic-based periodontal bone loss (R-PBL), and radiographic DMFT indices, and to investigate the relatively long-term dental effects of COVID-19. This study included people who had two panoramic radiographs taken between 2018 and 2022. There are 52 patients with positive rRT-PCR tests in the study group. The control group included 50 individuals. Study and control groups were compared using the apical periodontitis grade scale (APGS), radiographic-based periodontal bone loss (R-PBL), and radiographic DMFT indices. Although results showed a significant difference in percentage R-PBL value and R-PBL types in the study group, there was no significant difference in percentage R-PBL value and R-PBL types in the control group. Also, both groups showed a significant difference in the DMFT index. According to the results of this study, it can be said that COVID-19 increases the incidence of periodontitis, and it can be interpreted that the pandemic may adversely affect the general oral health of all people.

Dental care and prevention possibilities for the mentally disabled currently

In Hungary, dental care and prevention for mentally disabled individuals are becoming increasingly challenging. Currently, there are 100,000 intellectually disabled individuals in the country who require "special medical care". The objective of this study was to develop and modify a relatively simple preventive procedure, adjusted to the mental capabilities of the patients, and implement it within a selected group. The study aimed to assess the results after 3 and 6 months, respectively, and to compare them with the international literature. The preventive procedure was introduced to 49 patients admitted to the institute of Csömör Nursing Home and Daycare Institute of the Foundation for Equal Opportunities. To ensure the accuracy of the data, the patients were examined separately by 3 doctors. The program began with dental care training for both patients and nursing staff. The periodontal examinations were carried out by the team's periodontologist. The patients were checked after 3 and 6 months, respectively, and the data were recorded. No changes were registered in terms of the DMF-T index during this short period of time, therefore we applied the restorative index. However, a significant improvement was observed in the periodontal condition. The preventive procedure proved to be effective, considering the fact that all patients had periodontal problems due to neglected oral hygiene. As there was a significant improvement in the periodontal condition, an improvement of the DMF-T index dentition of the patients can also be expected in the future. Enhanced oral hygiene (advancing towards "normal oral hygiene" from the neglected oral hygiene of the patients) can bring about considerable improvement in the case of patients needing special medical care. To attain positive results, a proper approach and regular motivation are essential for both patients and caregivers. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(37): 1456-1461.

The Impact of Dental Pain on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of Preschool Children in Austria.

Dental pain in children is a global public health burden with psychosocial and economic implications, challenging families and pediatric dentists in daily clinical practice. Previous studies have addressed the exclusive impact of either caries, dental trauma, malocclusion, or socioeconomic status on OHRQoL. Even though such examples can surely cause dental pain in children, so far only little research on the correlation of dental pain as a general symptom of different underlying causes and OHRQoL has been published. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of dental pain on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children between the ages of 0 and 6 years old and subsequently compare the results to a control group free of tooth ache. Children and their adult caregivers were recruited from the Emergency unit of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the University Clinic of Dentistry in Vienna. The caregivers completed the German version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS-G). Afterwards, the children were clinically examined. The cause for dental pain, dmf-t index, and plaque accumulation were collected. In total, 259 children with a mean age of 4.2 years (SD ± 1.5 years) were included in the study group. Their mean ECOHIS-G score was 9.0 (SD ± 7.4), while the control group only amounted to a score of 4.9 (SD ± 5.6). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant in both ECOHIS-G subsections, the child impact scale (CIS) and the family impact scale (FIS) as well as the ECOHIS-G sum score (p < 0.05). Dmf-t index and plaque accumulation significantly correlated with CIS and ECOHIS sum score (p ≤ 0.05). The reduction in quality of life was nearly twice as great in the children with dental pain as in the control children. The ECOHIS-G is a valid instrument for measuring the OHRQoL of children with dental pain between the ages of 0 to 6.

Association of Smoking with Dental Caries and Periodontal Health Status Among Incarcerated Women in Karachi

Objective: To assess the association of smoking with dental caries and periodontal health status among incarcerated women in Karachi facility, Sindh, Pakistan.&#x0D; Study Design: Cross-sectional study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of study: Department of Community, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Karachi Pakistan, from Dec 2021 to Feb 2022.&#x0D; Methodology: All female inmates between the ages of 18-65 years, serving various jail terms, including those sentenced to life, prisoners condemned to death and awaiting trial, were included in the study. For each participant, dental caries and periodontal status examinations were performed. Dental caries was scored using the DMFT index, while periodontal status was scored using the CPI index. Smoking status (yes or no) and duration of smoking were observed.&#x0D; Results: Out of 131 women, 76(58%), 42(32.1%), and 13(9.9%) had a DMFT score between 0-5, 6-10, and 11 or higher, respectively. 14(63.6%) and 2(9.1%) women smokers had moderate to severe periodontitis. The association between smoking and severe periodontitis was statistically significant (p=0.023). Employment status prior to incarceration was significantly associated with smoking (p=0.02).&#x0D; Conclusion: We concluded that the rate of severe periodontitis was higher among incarcerated women who were smokers. Women in prison require regular oral health assessment and increased awareness about oral health management. Smoking was not a significant factor associated with dental caries or periodontal disease.Keywords: CPI index, Dental caries, DMFT, Oral health, Periodontitis, Smoking, tobacco.

Oral Health Survey in Burundi; Evaluation of the Caries Experience in Schoolchildren Using the DMFT Index.

Background and objectives: There are no data on oral health in the population of Burundi. This study aimed to describe the oral health status of schoolchildren in Burundi using the dmft/DMFT index for the first time. Materials and methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional population-based epidemiological survey. The survey was designed according to the WHO methodology for oral health surveys. Oral examinations were conducted in school rooms using a dental mirror, probe, and headlight. The following characteristics of primary dentition status were recorded: decayed (d/D), missing (m/M), and filled (f/F) teeth, and the dmft/DMFT (d + m + f t/D + M + F T) index was calculated for each subject. Quantitative and qualitative variables were represented by measures of position and variability. One-way ANOVA was used to assess differences between parametric variables. Logistic regression was performed for total caries experience and gender, age groups, living area, and geographical provinces. Results: A total of 1902 children were examined, 1007 (52.94%) six-year-olds and 895 (47.06%) in the older group. The dmft/DMFT and subgroups were statistically significantly different in terms of age groups, living areas, and geographical regions (dmft/DMFT d-subgroup and D-subgroup p < 0.01), but only for DMFT for sex. The ORs estimated by logistic regression by total caries experience showed a protective effect for 12 year old subjects and those living in southern provinces, an OR of 0.52 (95%CI 0.43-0.64) and an OR of 0.26 (95%CI 0.21-0.32), respectively. Conclusions: Dental caries in African countries, including Burundi, remains a major problem affecting the general health and wellbeing of the population. Tackling untreated caries requires a multifaceted approach, including strengthening oral health infrastructure, promoting oral health education, providing affordable dental services, and encouraging healthier eating habits.

Prevalence of Dental Caries among Adult Patients in Bungoma County, Kenya

Globally, dental caries has affected nearly 100% of adult teeth. Dental caries is caused when microbial biofilm converts free sugar contained in such foods and drinks into acid which corrodes the tooth structure. In Kenya, the prevalence is 34%. This high prevalence has led to the negative impact associated with the disease. Therefore, this study’s main aim was to determine the prevalence of dental caries among adult patients in Bungoma County, Kenya. This study was conducted in Bungoma County and adopted a cross-sectional design. The target population was adult dental patients and the key informants were the dentist and dental technologist. Participants were selected using multistage sampling techniques. The sample size of 347 dental patients was arrived at using Cochran’s formula. Data were collected using the WHO-modified assessment questionnaire. WHO DMFT index checklist was also used. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 25.0. Data were presented using tables and figures. Logistic regression was used to determine the direction of the association at the significance level set at 0.05. Thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. The researcher observed the ethical principles applicable to the study. The prevalence of dental caries among adult patients was 43.7% with a mean total DMFT index of 3.249 which signifies a moderate distribution among the adult population. Kimilili sub-county hospital had a moderate mean DMFT index of 4.47 and Webuye County hospital had a low mean DMFT index of 1.585. Dental caries was more prevalent in youths aged between 18 years to 35 years (60.1%). Moreover, the female gender has more dental caries prevalence at 57.4% as compared to male patients. The prevalence of dental caries is more prone among the rural (56.8%) as compared to the urban (43.2%). According to incomes, individuals who earn more than Ksh. 23,750 have a higher prevalence of 65.6%) than those who earn less than Ksh. 23,750 (34.4%). Dental caries is more prominent in the lower jaw. Those who do not brush their teeth were 4 times more likely to develop dental caries as compared to those who practise good oral hygiene practices (OR =3.0). Those who consume sugary foods and drinks frequently (OR: 2.4) and those who smoke tobacco (OR: 2.0) were times more likely to develop dental caries compared to those who did not consume sugary foods and smoke tobacco. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries among adults is moderate with the prevalence being higher in youths, female, low-income earners (&lt; ksh.23,750) and rural dwellers. In terms of the jaws, the lower jaw is more susceptible to caries attack compared to the upper jaw and also the posterior teeth (premolar and molars) are more susceptible to caries compared to the upper jaw. Recommendation: There is a need to conduct a community-based campaign even through Chiefs’ Barazas on the importance of proper oral hygiene practices in Bungoma County.

Prevalence of oral complications in the course of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection under mechanical non-invasive ventilation

BackgroundThe management of oral health during severe symptoms of Covid-19 is still a challenge, especially in intensive care units under invasive/noninvasive ventilation in hospital. Understanding the cause-and-effect relationships may allow for individual adjustment of oral care recommendations during Covid-19 disease. The study’s objective was to assess Covid-19 patients’ oral health status under hospital treatment due to pulmonary adverse Covid-19 outcomes.Material and methodsCovid-19 patients (mean age 74.4 ± 15.4; n = 120, male n = 50/female n = 70) were admitted to hospital in the acute phase of Covid-19 between January and March 2022 who required oxygen therapy due to pneumonia, rapid respiratory failure, low saturation. Blood and radiological tests were taken according to National Health Fund guidelines. The condition of teeth (Decayed, Missing, Filled teeth as DMFT index), dental hygiene (Plaque Control Record as PCR index), periodontal status (probing depth PD, clinical attachment CAL, bleeding on probing BOP) and oral mucosa (BRUSHED and Beck scores) were examined.ResultsCharateristics of the teeth (dental caries 35.2%, DMFT Median 22), plaque retention (83.4%), advanced periodontitis (48.3%), xerostomia (74.2%), oral mucosa inflammation (80.8%), angular cheilitis (53.3%), hemorrhagic (21.7%) showed a high incidence of harmful oral conditions. BRUSHED model and Beck score indicated moderate oral dysfunction and need for oral care every 8 h. Spearman’s analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between pneumonia and neutrophile, interleukin-6 IL-6, C-reactive protein CRP (p = 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.001), negative to lymphocyte count (p < 0.001). Multiple and logistic regressions selected the following risk predictors for pneumonia as IL-6, CRP, obesity and for severe COVID-19 symptoms D-dimer level and a lack of targeted vaccination (p < 0.001). Among oral predictors, the PCR index and Beck score were significant for both outcomes (respectively p < 0.001, p < 0.012). Patients who received oxygen therapy with face masks had more often angular heilitis and debris (p = 0.025, p = 0.035).ConclusionsCOVID-19 hospitalised patients with severe symptoms crossing with poor oral health-related conditions. This may exacerbate a response for COVID infection, and play a role in cytokine storm. For Covid-19 management, to inhibit extraoral/intraoral complications, it is recommended to adjust oral hygiene procedures, including antibacterial, protective, moisturising agents after individual oral health assessment.

THE INFLUENCE OF 3D POP-UP STORYBOOK IN THE OHIS, DMFT, DMFT, DENTAL HEALTH KNOWLEDGE &amp; BEHAVIOR OF GRADE 1 STUDENT AT SDN BAKALANKRAJAN 2

Background: Caries is one of the serious health problems, especially in elementary school students. According to Riskesdas in 2018, Indonesian children aged 5-6 years categorized in severe early childhood caries. After the covid cases have decreased in Indonesia , health promotion was held again in the school. Storybook is one of the media that can be used for health promotion in children, with attractive storyline and pictures as well. Purpose: To identify the influence of “Si Gilang dan Ramuan Ajaib'' 3D Pop-Up storybook in the OHI-S, DMFT, dmft index, dental health knowledge and behavior of grade 1 students at SDN Bakalankrajan 2. Methods: This was a numerical comparative study with a cross-sectional approach. The population were grade 1 elementary school students in SDN Bakalankrajan 2 in Malang. Results: After 3D Pop-Up storybook intervention twice time and after 30 days follow-up, there is a change in the OHIS, DMFT, dmft, knowledge and tooth brushing behavior compare to the score before intervention. The OHIS index has increased (p=0,000), DMFT index has decreased (p=0,974), the dmft index have increase quite high (p=0,106), knowledge level and tooth brushing behavior has increased on average quite well (p=0,024). Conclusion: Education intervention using a 3D pop-up children's storybook entitled "Si Gilang dan Ramuan Ajaib" and introducing a 21-day morning and night toothbrush calendar to students contributed to increasing the oral hygiene index (OHIS), decreasing the caries index in permanent teeth (DMFT), increasing caries index in deciduous teeth (dmft), increasing dental health knowledge level and toothbrushing behavior of grade 1 students of SDN Bakalan Krajan 2.

Association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and dental caries among adults in the Azar cohort population: A cross-sectional study.

Considering the high prevalence of dental caries in adults, it is necessary to study its risk factors to prevent the disease. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common chronic disease with an increasing incidence that may affect the quality and quantity of saliva. This study aimed to determine the association of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with dental caries according to the DMFT index in the Azar cohort population. This cross-sectional study was performed on data obtained from the enrollment phase of the Azar Cohort Study (ACS), conducted on 15,000 adults aged 35 to 70. Data of 905 subjects with gastroesophageal reflux disease in the ACS-without full denture-together with a control group of 1894 subjects, who were matched in terms of gender and age, were included in this study. Dental caries data and data on GERD, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, individual and nutritional habits, BMI, and toothbrushing frequency were elicited from the databank of the ACS center. A Generalized Linear Models assuming negative binomial distribution with a log-link function was used for analytical statistics to examine the effect of possible confounding variables. The DMFT index in the group with GERD was 15.09±6.18, and for the control group was 15.00±6.07. No statistical association was seen between GERD and dental caries. Among the variables included in the regression analysis, being younger and toothbrushing one or more times per day were associated with a lower DMFT index score. According to the results, having GERD did not increase the risk of dental caries. However, due to the cross-sectional design of the study, the results should be interpreted cautiously. The results showed that oral hygiene is one of the most influential factors in reducing dental caries prevalence.

Fit for Purpose? The Suitability of Oral Health Outcome Measures to Inform Policy.

Oral health research and program evaluation should consider alternative outcome measures for population oral health other than the DMFT index.

Morphological structure of enamel caries in the dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization

According to modern ideas, the carious process at the white spot stage is reversible, so all the attention of scientists is directed to the development of means to restore the crystal lattice of tooth enamel. The purpose of the study is to evaluate morphological changes in caries at the white spot stage and the process of structural remineralization of the carious lesion area. Clinically active initial lesions were detected visually, using optical magnification and positive staining. Structural changes in enamel were studied by scanning electron microscopy of surface impressions obtained from the surface of demineralized enamel. Remineralizing therapy was carried out by applying ApaCare restorative gel (Germany) with nanodispersed highly active hydroxyapatite. Determination of the intensity of dental caries by the DMFT and dmft index showed 9.04 ± 0.40 points on average in the group of subjects, children with code 1 according to the ICDAS index made up 50.8%. Colour reactions showed 7.80 ± 0.21 points on average in the group. SEM visualized characteristic structural changes in the area of the carious spot – an increase in the porosity of the enamel surface with exposure of the fine crystalline structure and destruction of interprismatic fibrillar structures. When using a remineralizing agent, a roller-like deposition of an amorphous remineralizing substance is characteristic, and at the final stage, a smooth enamel surface with a fine crystal lattice is restored. The restoration of the prismatic structure of the enamel occurs due to the mineralization of the preserved fibrillar walls in the interprismatic space. Clinically, at this stage, the enamel visually restores its original shine, smoothness, and colour. In 81.8% of cases, the dye did not penetrate the previously demineralized enamel. The high level of non-cavitated active caries lesions can be largely controlled by the use of remineralizing agents. Further research involves studying the quantitative characteristics of the processes of de- and remineralization of tooth enamel.

Condition of oral health of caregivers of elderly patients in palliative care

The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health status of caregivers of older adults in palliative care. This cross-sectional observational study comprised 54 caregivers of older adults hospitalized at a public university hospital in Recife, Brazil. The caregivers answered a questionnaire and underwent oral clinical examination. They were a mean of 45.1 years old; 87% were females and the patients’ relatives, 68.2% had supragingival calculus, 51.9% wore dentures, and 96.3% had a very high DMFT index. As for the older adults, 76% had unsatisfactory oral hygiene. Hence, both preventive and rehabilitative actions must be planned for caregivers to improve their oral health and quality of life, thus also improving these in the older adults for whom they care.

DESKRIPSI PENGETAHUAN DAN INDEKS DMF-T DALAM RANGKA PENCEGAHAN MASALAH KESEHATAN GIGI DAN MULUT PADA SISWA BINA TALENTA GRAHA HARAPAN INDAH BEKASI

The health of school students is part of the health development and prevention program by the Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. Improvement of general health will affect oral health. Prevention of oral health problems for Bina Talenta Graha students ranged from DMF-TT intraoral examination, dental health education, pre-test and post-test 33questionnaires, and mass toothbrushing activities. 44 kindergarten and 227 elementary school students participated in the program. DMF-T index was categorized according to WHO, in which the index for kindergarten is medium (3.92), while for elementary school classes is very high (8.7). Caries in both classes were more prevalent in girls than boys. The average score for kindergarten was 97.89 (pre-test) and 95.95 (post-test), while that of elementary school was 69 (pre-test) and 66.50 (post-test). Statistical tests for pre- and post-test yielded p = 0.623. for kindergarten and p= 0.151 for primary school. As p&gt;0.05, there was no significant difference between pre- and-post tests for both groups. The decline in scores can be caused by short duration of dental health education, pre-, and post-tests. Environmental factors such as noise, visual disturbances, fatigue, and uncomfortable room conditions also played a role. By considering those factors, next activites can be planned and done more optimally

Relationship of psychological stress with oral health status in commercial sex workers in Makassar City

&#x0D; Background : Depression can have a negative influence on dental health and increase the chance of engaging in high-risk sexual behavior. This study aims to determine the relationship between psychological stress with oral health status in commercial sex workers in Makassar&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Methods : This study is an analytic observational study using a cross-sectional design, was conducted in January 2022. The population in this study was 36 commercial sex workers in Makassar City, using total sampling technique. Exclusion criteria consisted of commercial sex workers who experienced cognitive impairment and commercial sex workers who did not complete the questionnaire. Psychological distress status was assessed using the General Health Questions (GHQ), and Depression syndrome using DSM-IV criteria. Oral health status was assessed using OHI-S and DMF-T. &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Results : Based on the OHI-S score, the sample had an average value of 5.45 ± 6.70, the DMF-T index, the sample had an average value of 7.76 ± 5.18, the mental health score for psychological pressure had an average of 20.72 ± 8.46 and depressive symptoms had an average of 10.52 ± 6.86.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Discussion : This study found a significant relationship between psychological stress with oral health status in commercial sex workers in Makassar. Sex workers often feel they do not need oral health services and most of the pressure is always on sexually transmitted infections (STIs)&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Conclussion : There is a significant relationship between psychological distress and depressive symptoms, with oral health status in commercial sex workers in Makassar City.&#x0D;

Use of dental services among adults from a birth cohort in the South region of Brazil.

Measure the prevalence of use of dental services in the previous year and associated factors among 31-year-old adults from a birth cohort of 1982. This is a cross-sectional study that analyzed a birth cohort of 1982 from the city of Pelotas. In 1997, a systematic sample of 27% of the city's census sectors was defined and all households in these sectors were visited, where 1,076 15-year-old adolescents were interviewed. For the oral health studies, 900 of these individuals were randomly selected and followed up at 24 and 31 years of age. The study used data collected from 523 individuals in 2013 (at 31 years old). The outcome was visit to the dentist (use of dental services) in the previous year. Demographic factors (sex), socioeconomic factors (income, education), and oral health factors (reason and type of service, self-perception of oral health, dental pain and caries experience - DMFT) were used as independent variables. Prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression. The prevalence of use of dental services in the previous year was 55.3% (95%CI: 51.0-59.5%). In the adjusted analysis, the reason and type of service, self-perception of oral health, and DMFT were associated with the outcome. A stronger association was found with use of dental services in individuals who visited for prevention and used the private service, who were satisfied with their oral health, and who had more caries experiences. 55.3% of the cohort sample used dental services in the previous year. Individuals who visited the dentist of private service for preventive reasons, who were very satisfied with their oral health, used these services in a higher proportion. In addition, a higher DMFT index also led to higher use of services.

Salivary metabolomic profile associated with cariogenic risk in children

ObjectivesTo identify the metabolomic differences in the saliva of healthy children versus children with active carious lesions and to estimate the predictive capacity of a model based on the salivary metabolomic profile. MethodsA study of cases (n = 31) and controls (n = 37) was designed for children aged between 6 and 12 (mean age of the cases: 8.9; controls: 8.7). The said children attended public health centers in Valencia, Spain. Intraoral examinations were performed by a single examiner using ICDAS II diagnostic criteria. Unstimulated total saliva samples were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. ResultsThe dft index for cases was 2.84 while it was 0.19 for the control group, the DMFT index was 1.13 and 0.11, respectively. The predictive model generated by the multivariate PLS-DA analysis projects a separation between the cases and the controls on the score chart with a predictive capacity and generating an area under the curve of 0.71. The metabolites: 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, acetone, citrate, ornithine, ethanolamine, taurine, proline, glycine, mannose, glucose, 1–6-Anhydro-β-d-glucose and citraconate, are those that show greater significance in the model. In the controls, glycine (Cohen's d = 0.430) and glucose (Cohen's d = 0.560) present higher means compared to the cases. On the contrary, taurine (Cohen's d= -0.474) and mannose (Cohen's d= -0.456) show higher means in cases compared to controls. ConclusionsOur findings show a difference in the salivary metabolomic profiles, specifically in the groups of saccharides and amino acids, suggesting an association of these with the level of caries risk. Clinical significanceThe results reported in the present study reinforce the use of salivary metabolomics as a research method for the search for salivary biomarkers that allow the evaluation of caries risk in patients. Furthermore, it brings us closer to a personalized medicine that will help in dental caries prevention strategies.