Revenue Diversification Research Articles

Derivative-Based Analysis of Institutional Quality, Resource Abundance, and Economic Growth Dynamics

This paper delves into the intricate nexus between institutional quality, natural resource abundance, and economic growth through derivative-based mathematical analysis. Utilizing a framework represented by G=Rα* Qβ, the study explores how institutional dynamics sculpt growth trajectories. The first derivative delineates economic growth’s sensitivity to institutional changes, while the second derivative unveils curvature in growth dynamics. The synthesis of findings illuminates resonance or hindrances in growth due to institutional shifts. Theoretical insights highlight the transformative role of robust institutions in mitigating the resource curse. Policy implications emphasize resource revenue diversification, institutional fortification, human capital investment, environmental sustainability, and long-term vision. Limitations acknowledge the model’s simplification and call for expanded dimensions and empirical validation. This derivative-based approach, while potent, prompts further refinement for a comprehensive understanding of economic complexities.

Identification Of Revenue In Banking In The City Of Medan

This research aims to explore and identify the various sources and mechanisms contributing to revenue generation in the banking sector within the City of Medan. The study delves into the intricate details of revenue streams, assessing the diverse sources, instruments, and strategies employed by banks to generate income.
 Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research incorporates both quantitative data analysis and qualitative insights from key stakeholders within the banking industry. The quantitative aspect involves the analysis of financial statements, income reports, and performance indicators, providing a comprehensive overview of revenue trends. Key focal points of the research include the identification of interest income, fee-based income, and other ancillary sources contributing to the overall revenue of banks in Medan. The qualitative component involves interviews and discussions with banking executives and regulators to gather nuanced insights into the strategies employed for revenue diversification and sustainability. Preliminary findings indicate a diverse landscape of revenue sources, including traditional banking activities, innovative financial products, and digital services. The research contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of revenue identification in the banking sector, providing valuable insights for financial institutions, policymakers, and industry analysts.

THE IMPACT OF DIVERSIFICATION, SIZE, GROWTH, LOAN, DEPOSIT, EQUITY, AND LLP ON BANK RISK DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

This research aims to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of revenue diversification, firm size, firm growth, loan, deposit, equity, and loan loss provision on bank risk during the COVID-19 pandemic in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020-2021 period. The number of samples was 29 banking companies selected by purposive sampling method. The data were processed and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis techniques through EViews 9. The results showed that revenue diversification, firm growth, deposit, and loan loss provision had a significant positive effect on bank risk. Firm size and loan have a significant negative on bank risk. Equity has no significant effect on bank risk.

Virtual Anchors in the Metaverse: Exploring the Future of Live Broadcasting in the Digital Age

As the barrier to entry for live content production diminishes, virtual anchors, employing avatars to engage with audiences, have gained significant traction. The global VTuber market has seen consistent growth, projected to be a dominant force with the Metaverse's increasing prominence. The paper investigates the rise of virtual anchors in the live broadcast industry amidst the rapid expansion of the Internet, examines the operational models, profit methods, and connections between virtual anchors and the Metaverse. It employs data from research and case studies and literature review to explore the potential of virtual live broadcasting. While virtual anchors present advantages like non-stop live broadcasting, they face authenticity and real-time interaction challenges. Integrating virtual live broadcasting with the Metaverse offers unique opportunities for deeper audience engagement and diversified revenue streams. However, ensuring user privacy and addressing authenticity concerns are crucial. The paper concludes by emphasizing responsible growth and innovation to unleash the full potential of virtual live broadcasting within the dynamic realm of the Metaverse.

P‐BB‐66 | Recruiting First‐Time Donors into Automated Double Red Cell Collections: A Revenue Diversification & Inventory Management Strategy from a Community Blood Center

P‐BB‐66 | Recruiting First‐Time Donors into Automated Double Red Cell Collections: A Revenue Diversification & Inventory Management Strategy from a Community Blood Center

Does Revenue Concentration Really Bring Organizational Efficiency? Evidence From Habitat for Humanity

Past empirical studies demonstrate a positive connection between revenue concentration and organizational efficiency. This supports the idea that concentrating revenue helps minimize transaction costs of nonprofit organizations, resulting in greater efficiency. However, this finding contradicts the belief that revenue concentration increases the risk of revenue volatility, leading to service delivery disruptions and reduced efficiency in nonprofits. Moreover, these studies have used an efficiency measure that might not be suitable. To address this, our study examines the relationship between revenue concentration and organizational efficiency using a more appropriate measure. Analyzing data from Habitat for Humanity, we discover a U-shaped relationship: nonprofits are most efficient when fully diverse or fully concentrated in revenue. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate on nonprofit revenue diversification, with significant implications for nonprofits. They also highlight the importance of using more appropriate efficiency measures in future scholarly research.

The impact of revenue diversification on profitability, capital, and risk in US banks by size

This study examines the influence of US banks’ revenue diversification on profitability, capital, and credit risk by size. By a simple decomposition of Return On Capital (ROC) I show how popular revenue diversification measures reflect both the ROC and risk-adjusted ROC. I find substantial differences between size groups concerning the impact of revenue diversification measures on: profitability, capital, and credit risk both in comparative statics and dynamically along the business cycles. Profitability, capital, and credit risk in medium size banks reflect insensitivity to these measures compared to other size groups; large and small alike. A similar ‘smile’ pattern has also been found regarding the respective pairwise conditional correlations between profitability, capital, and credit risk.

Revenue Diversification for the DSM Book Festival: A Strategy for Financial Stability

The DSM Book Festival, produced by the Greater Des Moines Partnership (GDMP), is a regional literary event that connects book lovers with enhanced content involving interactions with authors, keynote speeches, and other events. Although the festival was canceled in 2020 due to the pandemic, it occurred in 2021 in an alternative format. To mitigate the financial impact of the 2020 festival, the Downtown Events Director wants to diversity revenue streams for this festival for the long-term. This case study examines diversification of festival revenue streams to offset some of the challenges in executing the event in a post-COVID environment.

The Impact of Revenue Diversification on the Performance of Chinese Commercial Banks

Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the intensity of financial reforms has been continuously increasing. Against this backdrop, the competitive environment within China's banking sector has become more challenging, leading various banks to confront a spectrum of challenges while also encountering opportunities for growth. With the advancement of marketization, numerous banks have engaged in various forms of operations. This paper employs the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) dynamic panel model to investigate the impact of diversified operations on the performance of Chinese banks. It posits that the advantages of contemporary diversified operations have not been fully realized due to factors such as operational costs and risk exposure. Accordingly, Chinese commercial banks should devise enhanced risk management strategies, bolster oversight, foster ongoing innovation, and progressively embark on diversified operations. This approach aims to manifest the benefits of operational diversification, thus fostering improvements in banking performance.

Resist, Recover, Renew: Fiscal Resilience as a Strategic Response to Economic Uncertainty

The cyclicality of economic recessions worsens fiscal stability and increases vulnerability to future shocks. This article argues that the concept of resilience provides an important frame for understanding the dynamic character of public financial management. The study introduces a theoretical framework that decomposes fiscal resilience into precrisis fiscal resistance, postcrisis fiscal recovery, and long-term fiscal renewal. It empirically tests the model employing a Cox proportional hazard model and over three decades of data (1991–2018) covering two previous recessions—the dotcom recession and the Great Recession. The findings indicate that although strategic decisions associated with revenue diversification and countercyclical capacity facilitate fiscal resilience, specific features of local government finances such as the revenue structure and service structure are critical to fiscal recovery and renewal. In addition, the underlying characteristics of each recession affect whether institutional and economic conditions facilitate fiscal resilience. The article discusses implications for financial management and emphasizes embedding resiliency-based frameworks in local government strategic planning.

Local fiscal autonomy in Toronto

Local fiscal autonomy depends on the extent to which local governments rely on their own source revenues rather than intergovernmental transfers and also on their ability to set their own tax rates. Compared to other major cities around the world, Toronto appears to have a lot of local autonomy because it is less dependent on intergovernmental transfers and more reliant on property taxes and user fees. Nevertheless, its autonomy is limited by provincial government restrictions on how these taxes and fees are levied and also by the conditions imposed on federal and provincial transfers. Toronto also has fewer revenue-raising options than many other cities. This paper describes the extent to which Toronto enjoys fiscal autonomy and evaluates the degree to which it takes advantage of the autonomy it has in setting tax rates and making other financial decisions. The paper considers some of the fiscal challenges the city now faces and some future challenges on the road ahead. It evaluates the extent to which the city can respond to these various external shocks with the resources at its disposal. It concludes that, although Toronto enjoys some local fiscal autonomy, it would benefit from having more diversified revenue sources. This paper describes the extent to which Toronto enjoys fiscal autonomy and evaluates the degree to which it takes advantage of the autonomy it has in setting tax rates and making other financial decisions. The paper considers some of the fiscal challenges the city now faces and some future challenges on the road ahead. It evaluates the extent to which the city can respond to these various external shocks with the resources at its disposal. It concludes that, although Toronto enjoys some local fiscal autonomy, it would benefit from having more diversified revenue sources.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО- ГО БЮДЖЕТА ИРАКА В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ РЫНОЧНЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ

In modern conditions of development of both budgetary relations in the Republic of Iraq in particular, and the general development of the country's economy, a number of problems and difficult situations arise that need to be solved. The excess of the expenditure item over the income item contributes to the formation of a budget defi- cit, which creates the need for the state to identify additional sources of financing and level the state budget deficit. trying to minimize its costs depending on the geopoliti- cal situation in the country. The article deals with the problems of regulating the state budget of the Republic of Iraq in modern market conditions, which consist in a con- stant increase in the volume of financial allocations and a decrease in the effective- ness of public spending, as well as the diversification of budget revenues; reducing the excessively high salary fund of civil servants and reforming the pension system, ensuring budget balance, its financial soundness.

Impact of Revenue Diversification on Financial Health with Mediating Role of Felxibility: Non-Profit Organizations of Afghanistan

As nonprofit organizations continue to be faced with financial difficulties especially in the context of Afghanistan during recent years. Although several studies have found that revenue diversification has a significant impact on the financial health of nonprofits but studying organizational flexibility as a common mediating variable that defines the organizations’ access to multiple options of funding, risk tolerance, autonomy, and, community connectedness is not observed or at least not measured yet. Thus, this study aimed to test the effects of the mediating role of flexibility on the relationship between dependent and independent variables through hypothesis testing, therefore the positivism philosophy of the research with a deductive approach and quantitative methodology was applied. The data of this study has been collected from among the top nonprofit organization's senior positions with 124 employees. The result of the study indicates that nonprofits with several funding resources are less vulnerable to financial shocks as the revenue diversification provides more options for funding which consequently increase the risk tolerance, independence, and community connectedness “widening of coverage area” of the organization. Being overly dependent on a limited number of resources is risky, because if a major donor of the organization declines or stops its funding, then it is more likely that the organization face financial problems. But the nonprofit organizations should be vigilant of the risk–reward of revenue diversification as well. Keywords: Revenue diversification, Financial Health, Organizational flexibility, Nonprofit organizations. JEL Code: G01, G32, D24, H20, D23, L21.

PENGARUH DIVERSIFIKASI PENDAPATAN DAN MARKET POWER TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA PERBANKAN DI INDONESIA (STUDI PADA BANK UMUM KONVENSIONAL DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2016-2020)

This study investigated the relationship between revenue diversification and market power on the profitability of commercial banks in Indonesia. This study uses data from commercial banks in Indonesia and further analysis of data from commercial banks that have moderately diversified their income for the 2016 -2020 period. This study using the purposive sampling method will obtain a sample of 87 commercial banks and 13 commercial banks that have diversified moderately. The results of this study indicate that revenue diversification has no significant effect on the profitability of commercial banks in Indonesia and commercial banks that home diversified moderate in Indonesia. The results of market power do not have a significant effect on the profitability of banks in Indonesia and/ market power has a positive and significant effect on banks that here diversified moderately.

Energy commodity and stock market interconnectedness: Evidence from carbon emission trading system

This research paper investigates the various dependence structures across oil prices, emission prices and stock markets for Middle East and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. This study enables us to form a judgement on how the phased implementation of Kyoto protocol and COP26 on climate change is likely to be translated into changes in policy multipliers as the changes feed into the real economy through stock market movements. We employ the spillover index developed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) and Baruník and Křehlík (2018) to identify the most strongly related stock index to oil price return. Also, we investigate how emission price (which represents the cost of pollution) changes feed into oil price and how that impact on stock markets and what is the short- and long run spillovers between them. It is important to acknowledge some of the limitations of this study. One potential limitation is the focus on a specific geographic region, the Middle East and GCC countries. This may limit the generalizability of the findings to other regions. Additionally, the study focuses on the dependence structure among oil prices, emission prices, and stock markets, and does not consider other factors that may influence the relationship between these variables. Nonetheless, our study provides useful empirical evidence for assessing the impact of energy transition on both oil prices and stock price movements and can inform the development of diversified revenue streams for the region. In terms of future research, it would be worthwhile to extend the analysis to include additional variables, such as renewable energy prices, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamics at play in the energy markets of the Middle East and GCCs.

Will emission trading promote enterprise diversification? Evidence from China.

This study examines the impact of the Chinese regional emission trading system(ETS) pilots on enterprise transformation from the perspective of diversification. We use data on Chinese A-share listed companies from 2004 to 2021, and adopt the staggered difference-in-differences (DID) and difference-in-difference-in-differences (DDD) models. The empirical results show that first, the ETS significantly increases the product quantity and revenue diversification of regulated firms. Second, the ETS promotes enterprise diversification through three channels: emission cost, emission risk, and market efficiency. Third, the ETS has a greater impact on the diversification of state-owned enterprises, firms with high business concentration, and firms with low innovation investment. Fourth, the ETS-driven diversification has not been successful as it has increased firms' costs and reduced their profitability. We recommend introducing industrial policies to guide the transformation of enterprises, encourage them to improve their innovation capabilities, and choose appropriate transformation strategies.

Enhancing bank stability from diversification and digitalization perspective in ASEAN

PurposeThe financial sector's resilience is associated with greater prosperity and a better average income. Banks have evolved their business model and diversified their sources of income, and bank digitalization has become one of the prominent strategies. The purpose of this study is to examine how bank service expansion represented by revenue diversification activities and digital strategy will enhance bank stability in ASEAN countries from 2010 to 2021.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses information from the Datastream database and banks’ annual reports to measure bank stability, diversification and market power, which also provide information for bank digital strategy. This study uses the two-step system generalized method of moments to investigate the effect of diversification and digitalization on bank stability in ASEAN.FindingsThe results of this study show that bank revenue diversification has no effect on bank stability, and the presence of the chief digital officer and digital disclosure improves banks’ stability. However, alliance strategy with financial technology companies does not significantly impact bank stability and might increase bank risk.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study provide relevant policy implications: the regulation should support bank business to diversify the source of income; regulators and policymakers should regulate and enhance the Information and Communication Technology infrastructure; and banks should design their strategy comprehensively.Originality/valueThis study provides new evidence of the essential role of digital strategy in enhancing bank stability in ASEAN. In addition, this study also shows how banks diversify their business in a competitive environment.

On Thin Ice: Rethinking the Viability and Strategies of Investing in Hockey

The hockey industry has witnessed significant growth in recent years, driven by factors such as increasing global interest, diversified revenue streams, and technological advancements. This paper aims to explore the intricacies of investing in hockey, from understanding the fundamental drivers of financial performance to evaluating different investment strategies and mitigating associated risks. By analyzing scholarly research and industry insights, this paper seeks to provide a comprehensive guide for investors looking to capitalize on the opportunities presented by the hockey industry while effectively managing potential challenges.

PROPELLERS OF ORGANISATIONAL SUSTAINABILITY IN HOSPICES IN SOUTH AFRICA

Hospices operating in the non-profit sector are experiencing organisational sustainability pressures, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, while the population of patients who are terminally ill and requiring palliative care is increasing, the resources required to render this noble service are depleting, so much so that some hospices have closed. The situation raises profound organisational sustainability concerns, and this serves as the motivation for this generic qualitative study to investigate the propellers of organisational sustainability in South African-based hospices operating in the non-profit sector. Data was collected through interviews with twelve senior managers from different hospice organisations. The data was then analysed using Thematic Content Analysis (TCA). Subsequent results reveal that a cocktail of factors, including transparent communication, visionary leadership, a strategic disposition, improved service quality, a strong corporate culture, a diversified revenue base and committed staff, propel organisational sustainability among hospices. Conversely, the COVID-19 pandemicenforced lockdowns and the rampant emergence of many NPOs impede the sustainability prospects of the hospices. With these insights, this study contributes to the organisational sustainability discourse from a uniquely South African perspective, given the dearth of research in this area, particularly in the context of developing economies.

Liquidity Creation, Bank Competition and Revenue Diversification

We examine the individual and joint effects of bank competition and revenue diversification on liquidity creation. We find that bank competition and revenue diversification have a positive impact on banks’ propensity to create liquidity. Competition appears to primarily impact on-balance-sheet liquidity creation while revenue diversification is a key driver of off-balance-sheet liquidity creation. When considered together, each has a moderating effect on the other in relation to liquidity creation suggesting a substitution effect between competition and revenue diversification. Such substitution effect, however, is found predominantly for small and medium banks and during crisis periods. Our findings suggest that policymakers and regulators should be cautious of a one-size-fits-all approach to bank competition and revenue diversification in promoting bank stability.