Diversification Of Skills Research Articles

The tango between the academic and business sectors: Use of co-management approach for the development of green innovation

This study explores a co-management approach to prepare future environmental engineers for green innovation and commercialisation by improving cooperation between academia and industry. Collaboration between academia, government, agencies, and industry is a top priority due to the significant impact of the availability of qualified environmental professionals on the economy. The potential for collaboration among parties with different interests and principles remains largely unexplored. Compared to tango dance, the paper discusses the co-management approach, combining two disciplines with other goals and expectations. The methodology adapts brainstorming for studying environmental engineering to improve students' competencies and diversify study methods. Studying classical idea co-creation approaches in higher education, evaluating their results, and analysing stakeholders’ opinions - involving 65 students, six industry and government representatives, and 14 lecturers. This study identified crucial factors that form a model for successful collaboration between academia and industry to train environmental science specialists and develop green innovations. These factors include party participation activity, the definition of primary evaluation criterion, and student motivation. The study concludes that the co-management approach could enhance competence education quality by promoting skill diversification and teamwork and providing greater motivation to work.

On the evolution of social ties as an instrumental tool for resource competition in resource patch networks

Human is a highly cultural species with diversified skills and knowledge. In this paper, we examine whether the diversification of skills and knowledge can promote the emergence of social ties between individuals as means for acquiring resources. Specifically, we construct a simulation model consisting of two types of actors—one who uses social ties to search for resources and one who does not—and allow them to compete for resources that are distributed in resource patch networks of varying structures. In a densely connected resource patch network, implying a setting with less diversified sets of skills and knowledge, model result demonstrates that social ties can be detrimental to those adopting it. In a sparsely connected network, implying a setting with more diversified sets of skills and knowledge, social-type strategy can outcompete solitary-type strategy. Furthermore, actors with a pure social-type strategy are always inferior to their solitary competitors, regardless the structure of the resource patch network. Our modeling framework is of a very fundamental nature, and its relevance to existing theories and the sociological implication of its results are discussed.

Examining the effect of simulation based learning on self-efficacy and performance of first-year nursing students.

Self-efficacy is an individual's belief in oneself and in one's own judgment and ability to be successful in a task. Strong self-efficacy allows for the achievement of success, well-being, personal development and the diversification of skills. An individual's perception of his/her self-efficacy plays a key role in adopting behaviors and initiating and sustaining change. The first aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of simulation-based learning on the self-efficacy and performance of first-year nursing students. The second aim is to examine students' pre- and post-scenario proficiency in their self-assessment of competence in regard to scenario objectives to compare the students' self-assessment and their instructor's assessment in terms of performance evaluations. This semi-experimental study was conducted with sixty-five first-year nursing students. A standardized patient method was used as a simulation technique. Students' self-efficacy and their perceptions of their own competence in completing skills were measured using the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Proficiency Assessment Form, respectively. Students' actual performance was evaluated via an Objective Structured Clinical Assessment and performance evaluation checklists. The mean self-efficacy score of students was 52.68 (±10.19) before the scenario and 49.59 (±12.90) post-scenario (p = .001). With regard to their scenario objectives, a decrease was observed in students' proficiency in their post-scenario self-assessment of competence. This decrease was only statistically significant in the "Establishing a safe patient unit" objective (t = 2.27; p = .03). We observed that self-efficacy scores declined in the post-simulation scenario. Using standardized patients in simulation training allows novice nursing students to meet a real patient and to recognize their own true self-efficacy.

Evaluasi Atas Kebijakan Peningkatan Rasio Siswa SMK:SMA Ditelaah dari Kesiapan Sarana dan Prasarana

The policy to increase ratio of the number of students between vocational high school (SMK) and senior high school (SMA) being 70:30 in 2014, needs to be supported by policy to improve both quality and quantity of teachers, infrastructures, diversification of skills, and absorption of graduates in job market. Using quantitative descriptive approach, this research reveals that availability of infrastructures in all vocational high schools in Bandung city at present, and how the projection in the future. The result of this research shows that at present situation, when the comparison of the number of students SMK:SMA is 50:50, it proves that generally SMK with state status just fulfill exactly about 75% equipment and quality in accordance with infrastructure national standards.

THE SCIENCE PROCESS SKILL DIVERFICATION OF SUBJECT SPECIFIC PEDAGOGY BASED ON PROJECT BASED LEARNING

Curriculum 2013 to emphasize of learning result on cognitive, affective, and skill. Curriculum 2013 not only to emphasize cognitive, however, also affective and skill need to be developed in the learning process. One of the skills that should be developed is the scientific process skills, because it is the high learning result. The objectives of this research are to know the science process skill diversification. Procedure this research using experiment method to design of Nonequivalent Control-Group Pretest Posttest Design. The results of this research there are the science process skills diverse using SSP of science based on PjBL and using teacher’s SSP.

The Relationship of Student Learning Styles and Achievement in History Subject

Learning styles are essential elements for students’ as learning styles have its strong influence on the achievement of a subject.The objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between learning styles and student’s achievement in History subject.This study identifies six different Grasha learning styles by gender and relationship to student achievement in History subject.Suitability of students learning styles in the History subjects will be more effective and provide a positive impact on students’ academic if the teaching process and learning tailored to students' learning styles.A total of 200 students were selected as respondents from two schools in the district of Kulim, Kedah. A set of questionnaire instrument was used to measure students' learning style preferences.Overall; the tendencies of students to use learning styles are at a higher level unless avoidance learning styles. The T-test showed no difference between learning styles based on gender. Pearson correlation analysis showed no significant relationship between learning styles and achievement of student in History subject.A study implication towards teachers is the need of diversification of skills and teaching methods in the classroom. This, in turn, will foster interest and improve learning habit among students.As a result, students can achieve better in History subject.

Surgical scheduling with antagonistic human resource objectives

Daily operating theatre scheduling is a complex problem with strong constraints and various objectives to optimise. In this article, we aim not only to optimise the classical objectives of scheduling performance, such as the makespan and the cost of overtime, but also, particularly, to upgrade human resource management performance by means of two additional objectives: a short-term objective on the quality of teamwork and a long-term objective on the level of nurses’ skills. The quality of teamwork depends on affinities between team members, which also have a significant impact on the quality and the safety of surgery. It maintains the unity of surgical teams. Such unity is however unfavourable to nurses’ skill diversification. In order to counterbalance this tendency, the long-term objective proposed is for nurses to acquire the widest possible spectrum of skills, in order to be able to assist surgeons in unplanned and emergency surgery. Taking into account these two antagonistic human resources objectives contributes to patient safety through better team building. It is the main originality of this work. In the long term, this method reduces the impact of this antagonism. In addition, we use the multi-objective ε-constraint method to obtain Pareto optimal solutions.

Diversification of motor skills rely upon an optimal amount of variability of perceptive and motor task demands

In this study, motor skill was proposed as being organized into two hierarchical levels: macro- and microstructures, which would be responsible for the consistency and variability of actions, respectively. Constant practice was considered responsible for promoting the skill’s macrostructure formation and, following random practice, its diversification (microstructure). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the number of items varied during random practice in order to promote diversification of the skill on the adaptive process of motor learning. A coincident timing complex task was manipulated in terms of perceptive (experiment 1), motor (experiment 2) and perceptive coupled with motor (experiment 3) requirements. In each experiment, 22 children were divided into two groups according to the amount of variability (three or six). Also, the design included two phases: stabilization and adaptation. Results showed that when the motor skill was diversified in relation to perceptive and motor demands separately (experiments 1 and 2), there were no differences between groups with variability of three and six parameters during the adaptation. No learning occurred for both groups in experiment 3. In conclusion, a minimum amount of variability in perceptive and motor task demands varying separately during practice (three variations) was enough to provide the needed flexibility for adaptation in the motor skill.

Can Skill Diversification Improve Welfare in Rural Areas? Evidence from the Rural Skills Development Project in Bhutan

Income growth in rural areas is a considerable challenge to further poverty reduction and economic development. Using a survey of rural Bhutanese households we investigate the impacts of a vocational skills training program that was intended to diversify incomes outside of agriculture. We find that the program had limited positive impacts along various economic and psychosocial dimensions, but that it diversified household incomes into these skill areas. Notably, the program did raise incomes for trainees in non-competitive labor markets where trainees accounted for only a small percentage of the overall population. The results and anecdotal evidence suggests that: (i) a greater emphasis on creating a mechanism to connect the training program to income generating opportunities via job placement services, entrepreneurship or mentoring services is needed -- especially in competitive labor markets where there are too many trainees in relation to the population; (ii) refining the curriculum and extending the training time to allow trainees to develop their skills may be important; (iii) encouraging greater equality in the skill development process may require providing more female-friendly training that has flexibility in training time and venues and focuses on other skill areas.

Multiple Job Holding, Skill Diversification, and Mobility

In this article, we investigate the interrelated dynamics of dual jobholding, human capital, occupational choice, and mobility, using a panel sample (1991–2005) of UK employees from the British Household Panel Survey. The evidence suggests that individuals may be using multiple jobholding as a conduit for obtaining new skills and expertise and as a stepping‐stone to new careers, also involving self‐employment. Individuals doing a different secondary job than their primary occupation are more likely to switch to a new primary job in the next year, and a job that is different than their current primary employment. The results show that there are human capital spillover effects between primary and secondary employment.

AGATHE: A tool for personalized rehabilitation of cognitive functions based on simulated activities of daily living

Every year, tens of thousands of people fall victim to one of invalidating neurological pathologies. Acquired brain injury leads to cognitive impairment and heavy loss of autonomy. Rehabilitation interventions are needed to enable people to recover capacity and return to Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (iADL), such as grocery shopping. Unfortunately, the resources made available in cognitive rehabilitation are insufficient for the growing needs of victims of brain damage. The goal of the AGATHE project is to develop a tool that will provide therapists with an innovative means of dealing with cognitive rehabilitation and offer patients customized rehabilitation sessions, on the basis of simulated iADL. AGATHE fits into accessibility prospects of the tool (for everyone, everywhere and anywhere) and reduction of the cost of rehabilitation. AGATHE allows the strengthening and diversification of skills and expertise of the project's clinical and research partners as well as the opening of a new application field to the technology of the industrial partners. Initial tests of the AGATHE tool have been performed among therapists and patients after brain injury in order to validate usability issues. Perspective of efficacy trials has been identified and development projects are explored.

Can skill diversification improve welfare in rural areas? Evidence from Bhutan

Income growth in rural areas is a considerable challenge to further poverty reduction and economic development. Using a survey of rural Bhutanese households, we investigate the impacts of a vocational skills training programme that was intended to diversify incomes outside agriculture. We find that the programme had limited positive impacts along various economic and psychosocial dimensions, but that it diversified household incomes into the basic construction skill areas that it provided. Notably, the programme did raise incomes for trainees in non-competitive labour markets where trainees accounted for only a small percentage of the overall population. The results and findings from qualitative assessments suggest that: a greater emphasis on creating a mechanism to connect the training programme with income-generating opportunities via job placement services, entrepreneurship or mentoring services is needed – especially in competitive labour markets where there are too many trainees in relation to the population; refining the curriculum and extending the training time to allow trainees to develop their skills may be important; and encouraging greater equality in the skill development process may require providing more female-friendly training that has flexibility in training time and venues and focuses on other skill areas.

Informal training for skilled workers: Issues arising from a qualitative study in four sites in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh

The paper is based on a qualitative study of 66 skilled workers comprising drivers, tailors, electricians and also murtikars, a traditional craft group. All of them had taken informal training through family, apprenticeship or self-learning. The paper reflects on access, quality and relevance issues arising from such training. The findings reveal that there is sometimes an overlapping of boundaries between a skill group and a caste group especially with regards to traditional skills. However such boundaries are not impenetrable. The informal training process can be long and unpaid and these pose considerable opportunities cost for the trainees. The finding also suggests that learning one skill alone is often insufficient to support a family livelihood, families sometimes resolve to the diversification of skills or jobs to make a decent income. The study is part of the RECOUP research into improving outcomes of education and skills training for disadvantaged groups (http://recoup.educ.cam.ac.uk; http://www.cordindia.com)

Skill Obsolescence and Flat Hierarchies: Creating Incentives for Skill Diversification

This paper explores the internal organization of production in technology firms. We propose that flat hierarchical organizations is the technology-intensive firm's response to the need for worker skill diversification in an environment where skills become obsolete very rapidly. If it is efficient for firms to provide investment in skill-diversification due to risk of obsolescence, the presence of promotion ladders in traditional vertically organized firms creates too high an incentive among firms to provide specialized investment which improves the promotion probability for workers. In such situations firms may adopt organizational forms with flat hierarchies in order to induce investment in skill diversification.

Communiquer le patrimoine de l'Isère. Chronique en images, 1986-2003

Communicating on Isère héritage, a pictorial record, 1986-2003. Communication is part of a larger process designed to project an image. An integral part of the project it supports, it involves more than simply providing information. Communication representing Isère heritage, from 1986 onwards, faced a wide range of challenges, which changed over time, giving rise to more than 200 pictures. A specific image-building policy gradually took shape, in response to progress on certain fronts, joint projects and questions. This policy evolved as the organisation being promoted developed (building a network of smaller muséums all over the department and the Isère Heritage Conservation organisation [CPI], starting from Musée Dauphinois, with the necessary diversification of skills and multiplication of opérations). Far from starting from a universal, theoretical grasp of the subject, communication policy gradually gathered speed. Its course was pragmatic and intuitive, rooted in conviction and humility, the aim being to promote an image that was less conventional, more dynamic.

Agricultural Productivity Growth, Rural Economic Diversity, and Economic Reforms: India, 1970–2000

A salient theme in D. Gale Johnson’s work is the importance of agricultural development for general prosperity and for economic diversification (e.g., Johnson 2000). Johnson has also noted that most of the world’s poor are engaged in farming, so that a key focus of development policy is to raise the incomes of farmers. From a global perspective, increasing the productivity of agriculture, given the fixity of land, is necessary for both poverty reduction and the development of the nonagricultural sector. At the level of the world, agricultural productivity gains, poverty reduction, and the growth of the nonfarm sector are complements. However, the question remains whether these observations imply that every poor country should focus its public resources on agricultural development in order to raise the incomes of people now engaged in farming and whether such a policy is necessary for obtaining economic diversity. In this article, we use the experience of India over the past 30 years to address the issue of whether agricultural technical change actually leads to economic diversification and income growth within the rural sector in the context of an open-economy country in which there are cross-area trade and capital flows. We focus in particular on the rural sector because this is the sector in which linkages between agricultural and nonagricultural sectors are thought to be the strongest. We exploit the fact that India has maintained a policy of openness with respect to agricultural technology over this period, permitting and actively supporting agricultural development, and has moved to a reformed regime in which goods are traded and capital is more mobile in the 1990s. Evidence on the relationship between agricultural growth and nonfarm

Can monetizing trade lower welfare? An example

In decentralized trade individuals self-insure against consumption risk via costly diversification of skills. Although money acts as consumption insurance, it may lead to a moral hazard problem. If the problem is severe, monetizing trade can lower welfare relative to barter.

The Fragmentary Determination of "Tools" by Engineers

Today work of engineers becomes less directly affiliated to manufacturing processes. Work organization tends towards more complexity with increasing need of a "diversification of skills" to be obtained by engineers. Within the very core of traditional activities of engineers - the design of parts, products and processes the whole set of tools used as well as many concepts of certain instruments change drastically. From this point of view this article deals with the following question: Are there developments of skills and autonomous regulations concerning the engineers own working procedures and operations according to their growing importance and responsibility in shaping and accelerating technical progress? Analysis of engineers influx on automated production results in the following conclusions: The creative power of engineers to determine their instruments in use is declining; having the implementation of tools to the disposal of engineers depends on the way of matching qualification patterns and adequate structures of the division of labour; concerning the ends of production engineers impact turns out low; chances for individually successful careers are the better the higher educational standards and investments into their improvement are.

Community psychiatric nursing—a literature review

In the last 25 years, the management of psychiatric patients has changed from a hospitalbased to a community-centred policy. The availability of psychotropic drugs, the overcrowding of hospitals, and the recommendations in the 1959 Mental Health Act to promote community care were some of the important factors influencing change in attitude towards psychiatric illness. One of the recent innovations in the area of mental health is Community Psychiatric Nursing. As with any new approach, the early development of community psychiatric nursing was slow and limited but increased in momentum over the last 5 years. As a consequence, an increasing volume of literature has started to appear. Much of it comprises descriptions of services, of goals, patterns of care and special aspects. There have been few evaluative studies. One hundred and twenty-nine articles covering aspects of community psychiatric nursing were extracted from the Nursing Times, Nursing Mirror, The International Journal of Nursing, Health and Social Service Journal and other journal sources which dealt with mental health. Very few attempts have been made at a comprehensive review of the literature published in this area; therefore, the purpose of this article is to bring them together. One such attempt was made by Hunter (1974) who published an historical review of community psychiatric nursing in Britain up to 1974. Community psychiatric nursing originated in Britain at Warlingham Park Hospital in the early 1950s. This was recognised by Hunter, who saw this and the development of subsequent psychiatric nursing services as being concerned with “after care or continuing care stage” and, more generally, with the enormous diversification of skills acquired by the psychiatric nurse within the developing services. At that time, the nursing staff of 42 hospitals in Britain were involved in community care. By 1979, this number had not only increased, but there had been significant developments in community based services.

L'industrialisation de l'agriculture de la R.D.A. : nouveaux développements des contradictions et nouvelles solutions organisationnelles

Industrialization of Agriculture in the G.D.R.: Appearance of New Contradictions and New Organizational Solutions. This study brings the reader up to date on the "industrial" restructuring of the East German food and agricultural sector, a particularly advanced and therefore important example. It takes a fresh look at the aims involved, their attendant contradictions and solutions, in the light of recent direct observation. The combined logic of mechanisation, concentration and specialisation, taken here to the extreme, entails serious ecological problems: increased risk of plant and animal disease, high energy consumption, and a grave threat to the soil by severe shortage of solide manure. The "new organic materials enterprises" represent a spectacular effort by the system to find a solution to this latter problem, though in practice it appears imperfect and capital intensive. Again, overspecialization of basic units does seem to have aggravated the shortage of agricultural manpower, though it was this very shortage that had originally given rise to the drive for agrarian industrialization. It is interesting to observe present-day attempts to find new methods of seasonal inter-enterprise mobility in the labour force, as well as greater diversification of skills. Another problem which hitherto had either been ignored, or imperfectly understood, is that of Vertical' and 'horizontal' systems of co-ordination between related agricultural and agro-industrial specialized entities, which in effect become "macro-units for separate reproduction of capital". However, within these units, direction and regulation of flows of material and capital are still governed by political rather than economic considerations (given the influence exerted by the Party). These new structures make possible new methods of "socialization" and the productive recycling of differential rents, a key problem in a system where such market regulators as prices and profits play a minor role. Broadly, this study attempts a fresh analysis of the organizational and technical choices for industrialization open to a socialist agricultural economy, with particular emphasis on their global socio-economic aims.