Insect Diversity Research Articles

Impact of vereda dryness on the insect herbivore diversity in adjacent cerrado areas in Brazilian Protected Areas

Unravelling the factors that influence plant-insect interactions remains a fundamental concern in terrestrial ecology. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of varying degrees of drying on cerrado areas adjacent to veredas on the species richness, abundance and composition of the insect herbivore fauna. Additionally, we examined differences in these impacts between various guilds (chewing and sucker insects) and developmental stages (adult and immature insects). The research has been performed in study areas located in three Protected Areas in Brazil. In total, we recorded 106 species of herbivorous insects across five orders (Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Orthoptera). Hemiptera and Coleoptera stood out as the orders with the highest species diversity and individual numbers. Among the families, Cicadellidae and Curculionidae exhibited the highest richness in species and abundance of individuals. We found that richness of herbivorous insects was higher in wet zones (20.2 ± 6.5) of the veredas compared to dry zones (12.3 ± 7.5), as well as the abundance of herbivorous insects was higher in wet zones (49.4 ± 25.5) than in the dry zones (15.8 ± 7.9). Whithin insect guilds, the abundance of chewing insects was higher in wet zones (34.0 ± 13.6) than in dry zones (16.3 ± 14.8), but this difference was not observed for the diversity of sucking insects. Regarding developmental stage, immature insects exhibited higher species richness in wet zones (10.4 ± 5.0) compared to dry zones (5.3 ± 2.1), while adult insect diversity did not show differences between the studied zones. Furthermore, the species composition of herbivorous insects, various trophic guilds (chewers and suckers) and developmental stages (adults and immature insect) did not significantly differ among the zones studied within the veredas. According to our findings, herbivorous insects exhibit a preference for wet environments, which provide better conditions and higher-quality food resources for development and reproduction.

Impact of Urbanization on Indigenous Carnivorous Plants Species: A study from Bhubaneswar Smart City, Odisha, India

Carnivorous plants are wonder of nature which provides a wide aspect of research areas that can help to unlock evolutionary secrets. Around 860 unique species of flesh-eating plants are reported worldwide out of which 5 genera belong to 3 families of carnivorous plants are recorded in India. These plants are seen in areas with abnormal natural conditions and low nutrient supply. But in the modern technological era, due to human activities like urbanization, these plants are on the way to extinction. From the study, it was observed that large number of construction activities in study site urban areas like Bhubaneswar smart city can greatly alter abiotic and biotic components of the native ecosystem. The carnivorus plants play an important role as ecological indicator. Construction of large scale infrastructure in the name of urbanization causes reduction in indigenous species and terrestrial insect diversity which alternately promoting the proliferation of exotic species (BCA- 0.466; ACA- 0.483) and threat to carnivorous plant diversity.

Floral visitors of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): Elucidating their nectar-robbing behaviour and impacts on the plant reproduction.

Nectar robbing is common in angiosperms, especially in long tubular flowers or flowers with spurs that keep nectar out of reach of visitors. However, the robbing behaviour of bees is less understood. Here, we studied the sesame visitors, their robbing behaviour, and the impacts of robbing on plant reproductive fitness. Diverse insect species (primarily members of Hymenoptera) visited sesame flowers. The most effective pollinators were Amegilla zonata, Apis cerana, Apis dorsata, Apis florea, Ceratina binghami, Halictus acrocephalus and Xylocopa amethystina. Almost all visitors with variable percentages revealed the nectar-robbing phenomenon. Robbing activity depended on a complex of multiple attributes, including the visitor's body size, the corolla tube length, the availability and accessibility of nectar, and the resource-collecting task allocation of bees. Robbing activity varied according to flower-visiting species, flowering period and daytime. Robbing was comparatively higher in the late flowering period at 10.00-14.00 h. In the case of robbing visits, flower handling time was lower, and the visitation rate remained higher than non-robbing visits. Robbing visits did not significantly affect fruit and seed sets of sesame. Therefore, we can interpret the nectar-robbing interactions on sesame as commensal, with pollinators benefitting without altering the plant's reproductive fitness.

Aquatic insects (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Diptera: Tipuloidea) from the upper Neretva in Bosnia-Herzegovina

Within the upper Neretva catchment in Bosnia several hydropower plants are projected. Between 28.6. and 1.7.2022 a baseline survey was initiated to screen the area regarding the diversity of aquatic insects and its linked conservation value. In total, 59 Trichoptera species, ten Plecoptera species, 19 Ephemeroptera and 16 Diptera (Tipuloidea) species were collected, of which Baeoura sp. is new to science. 35 species are endemics of the Balkans, most species are rheobiontic and need high water current. The most abundant taxa are species of the trichopteran genus Agapetus (A. slavorum and A. ochripes) – surface grazers sensitive to water fluctuations and therefore vulnerable to hydropower-induced water level changes. With estimated 40,000 attracted specimens per night, light traps were extraordinarily successful. The extremely high diversity, as well as the enormous abundance of aquatic insects, underline the importance of the upper Neretva as an unimpacted riverine system embedded in dense natural and near-natural forest.

DIVERSITY OF THE ORDER HYMENOPTERA IN RICE PLANTATION IN MANEMBO-NEMBO DISTRICT AS AN ECOLOGICAL INDICATOR

This research aims to determine habitat conditions as an ecological indicator and measure the level of diversity of insects of the order Hymenoptera on rice plantations in the Manembo-nembo sub-district. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive. Insect samples were collected using the sweeping net and yellow pan trap methods. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index formula, Pielou's similarity index (E), and Simpson dominance index (C) are used to measure the level of diversity. The results of research on rice plantations found insects of the Hymenoptera order as many as 35 genera, 16 subfamilies and 14 families with a total of 470 individuals with normal habitat conditions where Hymenoptera insects can still carry out activities on rice plantations. Wasp insects from 24 genera also have functions as biological control agents, most of which are parasitoid and predatory wasps, which have potential as ecological indicators in rice plantations in the Manembo-nembo sub-district. The level of diversity is included in the medium criteria, as is the evenness index value. In contrast, the dominance index is included in the low criteria even though the Pimplinae family dominates rice cultivation in the Manembo-nembo sub-district.

Unexpected Finding of Brachyopa panzeri Goffe, 1945 (Diptera, Syrphidae) within the Urban Environment of Geneva

This study reports the unexpected discovery of Brachyopa panzeri Goffe, 1945 (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Geneva’s urban landscape. In a significant finding, Brachyopa panzeri Goffe was observed on a recently cut trunk of Acer campestris, oozing sap, located within a central park in Geneva, notably adjacent to the main entrance of the Natural History Museum Geneva. This observation constitutes the first recorded instance of this seldom encountered species in the canton of Geneva. The paper provides an in-depth analysis of various behavioral characteristics of Brachyopa panzeri Goffe, contributing to the broader understanding of its ecological interactions and habitat preferences. This discovery not only enriches our knowledge of urban biodiversity but also highlights the significance of urban green spaces in conserving insect diversity.

Photonic sensors reflect variation in insect abundance and diversity across habitats

To mitigate ongoing insect biodiversity declines, there is a need for efficient yet accurate monitoring methods. The use of traditional catch-based survey methods is constrained both by costs and need for expertise for manual taxonomic identification. Emerging methods, such as eDNA and robotic sorting, have the potential to reduce workload but still require resource-intensive sample collection in the field. Recently, remote sensing methods such as photonic sensors have shown promise for recording large numbers of insect observations. However, accurately determining species composition in collected data remains a challenge.In this study, we investigated the potential of photonic sensors for quantifying species richness of flying insects in the field and at five sites and compared the results with estimates based on conventional Malaise traps. Firstly, we evaluated two unsupervised clustering methods using a library of measured insect signals from 42 known species. Secondly, we correlated estimated number of clusters in data recorded at five sites with species richness assessment of catches from Malaise traps. This study is based on 84,770 library- and 238,584 field individual insect recordings. Our results demonstrate that both clustering methods perform well and reflect estimates obtained by Malaise traps, indicating the potential of automated insect biodiversity monitoring. This offers the possibility of more efficient but still accurate methods for studying insect biodiversity with broader temporal and spatial coverage.

New Triassic Hylicellidae from northern China (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha).

A new genus and species of the extinct cicadomorphan family Hylicellidae, Vetusala maculata gen. et sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on a forewing specimen from the Middle-Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation of northern China. The new discovery represents the earliest and the first definite Triassic member of Hylicellidae in China, further shedding light on the diversity of cicadomorphan insects in the Tongchuan entomofauna.

The Diversity of Forensic Entomofauna Associated With Decaying Chicken Liver in the Tropical Region of Kerala, India.

Forensic entomology To elucidate the time of death based on insect evidence, there are several studies on forensic entomology on life cycles, environmental factors, and feeding habitats of insects. However, there have not been any comprehensive studies on forensic entomology and its usage in forensic inquiry specific to the region, especially Kerala, India. The insect succession on decomposed animal matter plays an important role in estimating minimum postmortem intervals (mPMI). Objective The purpose of the study was tounderstand forensically important insect groups and their role in the decomposition process of dead decayingmatter. The different decomposition stages of a corpse vary in attraction to necrophagous insects and the insect fauna depending on its prevailing conditions of decay. The decomposition is highly dependent on the exposition of animal matter and abiotic and biotic factors acting on it. The main objective of the present investigation was to identify the insect fauna associated with decaying chicken liver. The study also envisages comprising the diversity and abundance of insects between two different treatments of animal matter: in contact with soil and controlled conditions in a clean basin. Method The study was conducted for 45 days (until the total decomposition of the samples in both conditions) during the pre-monsoon months of April to May2022 at Chalikadavu, Muvattupuzha, in the Ernakulam district, Kerala, India. The samples were however kept away from direct sunlight and rain to avoid the direct impact on the orienting fauna. The entomofauna found to be associated with the decaying animal matter was carefully collected from the site and stored in 70% isopropyl alcohol for preservation. The total number of insects was recorded along with the hours of maximum incidence, and samples were stored in plastic vials for further identification. Result In this study, we analyzed the activities of ants, mites, wasps, cockroaches, moths, beetles, and flies during the decomposition of decaying chicken liver. Among these insects, flies and beetles are two important arthropod communities associated with animal matter decomposition. We collected these foraging organisms for morpho-taxonomic identification. The decomposition stages among the two treatments could help to understand the variable factors in the decomposition of decaying corpse with special reference to the insect fauna acting on it. Conclusion We got 100 specimens comprising 28 species in 17 families from Blattidae, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera. Besides this, we identified two parasitic wasps with their host (dipteran pupa), which is helpful in postmortem interval (PMI) estimation. Our analysis showed an association between decay and the activity of carrion insects. The decomposition stages among the two treatments could help to understand the variable factors in the decomposition of a decaying corpse with special reference to the insect fauna acting upon it.

If you build it, will they come? Insect community responses to habitat establishment at solar energy facilities in Minnesota, USA

Global declines in insect populations have important implications for biodiversity and food security. To offset these declines, habitat restoration and enhancement in agricultural landscapes could mutually safeguard insect populations and their pollination services for crop production. The expansion of utility-scale solar energy development in agricultural landscapes presents an opportunity for the dual use of the land for energy production and biodiversity conservation through the establishment of grasses and forbs planted among and between the photovoltaic solar arrays (‘solar-pollinator habitat’). We conducted a longitudinal field study across 5 years (2018–2022) to understand how insect communities responded to newly established habitat on solar energy facilities in agricultural landscapes by evaluating (1) temporal changes in flowering plant abundance and diversity; (2) temporal changes in insect abundance and diversity; and (3) the pollination services of solar-pollinator habitat by comparing pollinator visitation to agricultural fields near solar-pollinator habitat with other agricultural field locations. We found increases over time for all habitat and biodiversity metrics: floral rank, flowering plant species richness, insect group diversity, native bee abundance, and total insect abundance, with the most noticeable temporal increases in native bee abundance. We also found positive effects of proximity to solar-pollinator habitat on bee visitation to nearby soybean (Glycine max) fields. Bee visitation to soybean flowers adjacent to solar-pollinator habitat were comparable to bee visitation to soybeans adjacent to grassland areas enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program, and greater than bee visitation to soybean field interior and roadside soybean flowers. Our observations highlight the relatively rapid (<4 year) insect community responses to grassland restoration activities and provide support for solar-pollinator habitat as a feasible conservation practice to safeguard biodiversity and increase food security in agricultural landscapes.

Bat diversity boosts ecosystem services: Evidence from pine processionary moth predation

Coniferous forests contribute to the European economy; however, they have experienced a decline since the late 1990s due to an invasive pest known as the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa. The impacts of this pest are increasingly exacerbated by climate change. Traditional control strategies involving pesticides have had negative effects on public health and the environment. Instead, forest managers seek a more ecological and sustainable approach to management that promotes the natural actions of pest control agents. This study aims to evaluate the role of bats in suppressing pine processionary moths in pine forests and examine how the bat community composition and abundance influence pest consumption. Bats were sampled in the mountainous environment of the Serra da Estrela in central Portugal to collect faecal samples for DNA meta-barcoding analysis. We assessed the relationship between a) bat richness, b) bat relative abundance, c) bat diet richness, and the frequency of pine processionary moth consumption. Our findings indicate that sites with the highest bat species richness and abundance exhibit the highest levels of pine processionary moth consumption. The intensity of pine processionary moth consumption is independent of insect diversity within the site. The highest occurrence of pine processionary moth presence in bat diets is primarily observed in species that forage in cluttered habitats. A typical predator of pine processionary moths among bats is likely to be a forest-dwelling species that specialises in consuming Lepidoptera. These species primarily use short-range echolocation calls, which are relatively inaudible to tympanate moths, suitable for locating prey in cluttered environments, employing a gleaning hunting strategy. Examples include species from the genera Plecotus, Myotis, and Rhinolophus. This study enhances our understanding of the potential pest consumption services provided by bats in pine forests. The insights gained from this research can inform integrated pest management practices in forestry.

RNA m6 A Methylation Suppresses Insect Juvenile Hormone Degradation to Minimize Fitness Costs in Response to A Pathogenic Attack.

Bioinsecticides and transgenic crops based on the bacterial pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) can effectively control diverse agricultural insect pests, nevertheless, the evolution of resistance without obvious fitness costs has seriously eroded the sustainable use of these Bt products. Recently, it has been discovered that an increased titer of juvenile hormone (JH) favors an insect host (Plutella xylostella) to enhance fitness whilst resisting the Bt pathogen, however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of the increased JH titer are obscure. Here, the involvement of N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) RNA modification in modulating the availability of JH in this process is defined. Specifically, it is found that two m6 A methyltransferase subunit genes, PxMettl3 and PxMettl14, repress the expression of a key JH-degrading enzyme JH esterase (JHE) to induce an increased JH titer, mitigating the fitness costs associated with a robust defense against the Bt pathogen. This study identifies an as-yet uncharacterized m6 A-mediated epigenetic regulator of insect hormones for maintaining fitness during pathogen defense and unveils an emerging Bt resistance-related m6 A methylation atlas in insects, which further expands the functional landscape of m6 A modification and showcases the pivotal role of epigenetic regulation in host-pathogen interactions.

Butterfly community composition within a tropical urban landscape is influenced by habitat type and temperature

Abstract The specific factors that influence spatial community or population dynamics are often elusive, and even less known is the impact of tropical urban landscapes on diverse species community assemblages. To address this knowledge gap, we used a survey data set with 510 fruit‐feeding butterflies comprising 20 species across two heterogeneous habitats within a city in Nigeria. Next, we constructed generalised linear mixed models to understand the differential responses of the butterfly community to changes in environmental conditions across habitats. Butterfly species community assemblages significantly differed between the two urban habitats, with butterfly species significantly higher in the savannah woodland compared with the gallery forest due to the optimal daily temperatures of the savannah woodland. However, butterfly richness was lower in the gallery forest due to extreme environmental conditions. This study highlights that butterfly community changes in tropical urban landscapes are possibly responding to local microclimates and spatial heterogeneity across habitats. For evidence‐based conservation management of tropical butterfly biodiversity, there would be need for a long‐term, extensive and systematic insect monitoring programme for butterflies across disturbed and undisturbed fragmented habitats harbouring diverse insect species.

The preference of insect predators on several types of flowering plants as insectary plant in cayenne pepper fields

Abstract. Fadhilah K, Rahardjo BT, Hadi MS. 2023. The preference of insect predators on several types of flowering plants as insectary plant in cayenne pepper fields. Biodiversitas 24: 6177-6183. Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is a popular commodity yet often suffers from reduced yields due to pest attacks. Therefore, growing this plant requires environmentally friendly management. One of the measures is using the baby blue eyes (Nemophila menziesii) plant. Baby blue eyes are promising insectary plants since they attract predatory insects. This study, which was conducted in Kasin Village, Karangploso, Malang, from March to June 2023, aimed to explore the predatory insects' diversities and preferences in cayenne pepper fields by comparing baby blue eyes as insectary plants with common zinnias and marigolds. The research comprised four treatments: P1. Control; P2. Cayenne peppers + baby blue eyes; P3. Cayenne peppers + common zinnias (Zinnia elegans); and P4. Cayenne peppers + marigolds (Tagetes erecta). The study revealed lady beetle Coccinella transversalis, Menochilus sexmaculatus, and big-eyed bug Geocoris sp. as the most abundant predatory insects with increasing populations across the treatments. The highest predator insect diversity was found in the Cayenne pepper + baby blue eyes (P2) treatment. In conclusion, baby blue eyes attract more predatory insects in cayenne pepper fields than other insectary plants, making them valuable alternatives besides common zinnias and marigolds. These findings provide a reference for future studies to promote baby blue eyes as insectary plants for farmers.

The impacts of reduced connectivity on multiple facets of aquatic insect diversity in floodplain wetlands, Northeast China

River-floodplain ecosystems are highly complex and dynamic systems that are subjected to human disturbance, such as the construction of levees. Aquatic insects are among the most widely used indicators to assess human impacts on floodplain wetlands. Most studies are still based on taxonomic biodiversity. However, trait-based approaches remain limited, which could impede the development of effective management strategies. Here, we investigated aquatic insect assemblages in eleven pairs of wetlands along the Wusuli River in two seasons (Spring and Autumn) and assessed their responses to the impact of levee construction, considering taxonomic and functional diversity. We found that pooled species richness (73 taxa) in river-connected wetlands was almost twice of that in levee-blocked wetlands (37 taxa). Six and one indicator taxa for river-connected wetlands were identified in May and October, respectively, while no indicator taxon for the levee-blocked wetlands was identified. Moreover, taxonomic and functional alpha diversity in river-connected wetlands was much higher than in levee-blocked wetlands, but beta diversity showed a contrasting pattern. Additionally, multivariate dispersion analysis indicated a more evident difference in beta diversity between river-connected and levee-blocked wetlands in May than in October, likely due to the temporary lateral connection in summer (i.e., water flowed over levees during flood events). Our results revealed that anthropogenic impacts (e.g., levee construction and agricultural activity) weakened the connectivity of floodplain wetland ecosystems, leading to decreased taxonomic and functional diversity of aquatic insects in isolated wetlands. Our study highlights the importance of combining taxonomic and trait-based approaches in biomonitoring programs of floodplain wetland ecosystems. It also underscores the necessity of restoring habitat connectivity of wetland ecosystems (e.g., river-floodplain connectivity and connections between different wetlands) to facilitate biodiversity recovery and enhance ecological functions and services supported by these valuable ecosystems.

Site and landscape scale drivers of bird and insect diversity in Native and novel forest ecosystems of Central Portugal

The natural forests of southern Europe have been altered over the last decades. One of these changes is the proliferation of invasive woody alien species, resulting in highly altered ecosystems, the so-called “novel ecosystems”. These changes affect biodiversity at both local and landscape scales. Using piecewise structural equation models, we evaluate the effects of local and landscape variables on the diversity of birds and insects across three common forest types in Central Portugal, namely: Native Forests (dominated by Quercus sp.) and two novel forest ecosystems, Acacia Forests and Eucalyptus Forests (forests formed by natural regeneration of Acacia dealbata Link and Eucalyptus globulus Labill). Local variables were the most influential on bird and insect diversity, and Native Forests was the forest type that most favored diversity in both groups. The structure of this forest type may explain this difference, as Native Forests have a greater local complexity compared to novel forest ecosystems, providing foraging and breeding resources and increasing the microhabitats. Contrarily to what was expected, no variable, including structural landscape complexity, has significantly influenced biodiversity at the landscape level. Fire seems to promote Eucalyptus Forest, resulting in negative impacts upon biodiversity in fire-prone areas. Our results show the extended impacts of deep ecosystem alterations on diversity patterns, with relevant insight into management and conservation practices.

Multiple axes of visual system diversity in Ithomiini, an ecologically diverse tribe of mimetic butterflies.

The striking structural variation seen in arthropod visual systems can be explained by the overall quantity and spatio-temporal structure of light within habitats coupled with developmental and physiological constraints. However, little is currently known about how fine-scale variation in visual structures arises across shorter evolutionary and ecological scales. In this study, we characterise patterns of interspecific (between species), intraspecific (between sexes) and intraindividual (between eye regions) variation in the visual system of four ithomiine butterfly species. These species are part of a diverse 26-million-year-old Neotropical radiation where changes in mimetic colouration are associated with fine-scale shifts in ecology, such as microhabitat preference. Using a combination of selection analyses on visual opsin sequences, in vivo ophthalmoscopy, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy and neural tracing, we quantify and describe physiological, anatomical and molecular traits involved in visual processing. Using these data, we provide evidence of substantial variation within the visual systems of Ithomiini, including: (i) relaxed selection on visual opsins, perhaps mediated by habitat preference, (ii) interspecific shifts in visual system physiology and anatomy, and (iii) extensive sexual dimorphism, including the complete absence of a butterfly-specific optic neuropil in the males of some species. We conclude that considerable visual system variation can exist within diverse insect radiations, hinting at the evolutionary lability of these systems to rapidly develop specialisations to distinct visual ecologies, with selection acting at the perceptual, processing and molecular level.

Insecta Diversity on Peudawa Coast, East Aceh District

Peudawa Beach is one of the beaches in East Aceh or more precisely East Aceh Regency. Insects are part of the coastal ecosystem. Insects are found in almost all ecosystems. Information on the insect diversity of the banks of Peudawa has not been thoroughly studied. The purpose of this study is to see the diversity of insect species in Peudawa beach. The method used in this study is an exploratory descriptive research method. In this study, three techniques are used in data collection technique, namely well drop technique, insect net technique and manual sorting technique. The Shannon-Wiever diversity index (Hand#039;) is used in the data analysis technique. The results of this study show that the insect diversity of Peudawa coast, East Aceh District belongs to the moderate diversity index category, which is influenced by the physical factors of the surrounding environment. The result was 22 insect species in 3 research stations.

Phenotypic Diversity of a Leafroller Archips podana (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) Does Not Change along an Industrial Pollution Gradient.

Morphological polymorphism offers rich opportunities for studying the eco-evolutionary mechanisms that drive the adaptations of local populations to heterogeneous and changing environments. In this study, I explore the association between pollution load, abundance of large fruit-tree tortrix Archips podana and its within-species diversity (expressed in the presence of apical and/or lateral prongs on the phallus in male genitalia) across 26 study sites located 0.5 to 31 km from the industrial city of Lipetsk in central Russia. The Shannon diversity index, calculated from the frequencies of four morphs, correlated neither with the distance to the nearest industrial polluter (a proxy of pollution load) nor with the number of moths captured by pheromone traps (a measure of population abundance). The statistical power of the correlation analysis was sufficient (67%) to detect a medium effect (i.e., Pearson correlation coefficient with an absolute value of 0.40), if it existed. I conclude that the four phenotypes of A. podana do not differ in tolerance to industrial pollution and similarly respond to pollution-induced environmental disturbance. This is the first study of industrial pollution impacts on within-species diversity of insects expressed in the discrete traits of their male genitalia.

Insect Diversity of Some Hybrid Rice Genotypes in Sleman-Yogyakarta Irrigated Agroecosystem

Diversity of insect at the rice field gives a main impact to the stability of ecosystem. Index of diversity reflects the relationship of species abundance in the community. This research was aimed to determine the diversity of insect at some hybrid rice varieties in irrigated rice agroecosystem. Research was conducted in Sleman, Yogyakarta Indonesia from April to August 2018. The experiment was conducted using purposive random sampling. Insect samples were obtained using swing net and visual observation. Diversity index was analysed using Shanon (H), while diversity and uniformity of insect was examined using Evennes index (E). Result showed pest insects found during vegetative stage of rice consist of more species, while lower numbers were found at generative stage with less species. They were belongs to 6 orders (more than 10 families) such as Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera. The dominant pest was Cicadellidae, followed by Delphacidae and Alydidae. Based on the diversity data analysis (H), pest insects and natural enemies were between moderate and high, with a range between 1.5 to 2.5. It indicates the rice field ecosystem planted with hybrid rice gave good impact and balance species diversity in the agroecosystem of irrigated rice area in Sleman Yogyakarta.