Diverse Angles Research Articles

In situ synthesis of Cu(OH)2 and carbon nanotube electrodes: A promising approach for high-performance one-dimensional flexible supercapacitors

Amidst the rapid surge in electrical device utilization, there is an urgent need for advanced power supply solutions. Flexible supercapacitors, renowned for their remarkable electrochemical properties, emerge as a promising remedy. This study employs in situ techniques on copper wire (CW) to obtain active materials for both the electrodes. The positive CW@Cu(OH)2 electrode, synthesized through vapor-phase reaction between CW and NH3·H2O, yields copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) nanosheets via an alkali-assisted oxidation process. Comparative analysis of CW@Cu(OH)2 electrodes under varying reaction conditions revealed that the Cu(OH)2 nanosheets, characterized by their small size and high distribution density on CW, significantly enhance electrochemical performance. The optimized CW@Cu(OH)2 electrode achieved a specific capacitance of 195.7 mF cm−2. This in situ growth method effectively prevents active material detachment, resulting in electrodes with minimal internal resistance. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), also synthesized in situ via chemical vapor deposition on CW, serve as the active materials for the negative electrode. Assembled in parallel, the flexible supercapacitor, CW@Cu(OH)2//KOH-PVA//CW@CNTs, achieves a specific capacitance of 1.59 F cm−3 at a current density of 0.1 A cm−3, with an energy density of 0.496 mWh cm−3 at a power density of 15 mW cm−3. Demonstrating robust capacitance retention across varying current densities and diverse bending angles, this supercapacitor signifies a versatile and stable power storage solution.

Erratum: “Effect of diversion angle and vanes' skew angle on the hydro-morpho-dynamics of mobile-bed open-channel bifurcations controlled by submerged vane-fields” [Phys. Fluids 36, 073318 (2024)

Erratum: “Effect of diversion angle and vanes' skew angle on the hydro-morpho-dynamics of mobile-bed open-channel bifurcations controlled by submerged vane-fields” [Phys. Fluids <b>36</b>, 073318 (2024)

Exploring acoustic wave transmission in micropolar plate in air

This study explores the behavior of sound wave propagation across a micropolar plate at diverse incident angles, specifically crafted from expanded polystyrene. Through a blend of theoretical formulations and practical experimentation, we scrutinize the alterations in transmission coefficients within the frequency spectrum, shedding light on the dynamic shifts in various vibrational modes. Utilizing a comprehensive setup comprising a loudspeaker, microphone, and National Instruments acquisition system, we meticulously discerned the initial trio of longitudinal vibration modes across a broad frequency span extending up to 70 kHz. Notably, despite the plate's inherent dispersion and attenuation traits, this experimental setup proved effective. A distinctive facet of our approach lies in the deliberate incorporation of multiple incident angles, which yielded crucial insights. Notable is the identification, within the experiments, of a critical angle, marking a transitional zone. Below this threshold, distinct Lamb modes dominate, while beyond it, the emergence of micropolar modes becomes apparent. These empirically validated findings, in alignment with theoretical projections, substantially enrich our comprehension of these materials' engineering applications.

Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot embedded polyaniline for the fabrication of high-performance flexible supercapacitor with enhanced cycling stability

This article explains the synthesis of high surface area nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots embedded polyaniline (PANI) and its effectiveness in fabricating flexible printed supercapacitors. A noticeable change in polyaniline's morphology and specific surface area suggests the successful incorporation of graphene quantum dots into the polymer matrix. The synergistic interaction of polyaniline with graphene quantum dots is evident in its energy storage performance. The fabricated supercapacitor prototype with PVA/HCl gel electrolyte exhibited a very high areal capacitance of 128.01 mF cm−2, with an areal energy density of 11.40 μWh cm−2, and a power density of 640 μW cm−2 at 1.6 mA cm−2 current density. Most importantly, the developed supercapacitor exhibited 76.70% of original capacitance after 5000 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles, which was found to be far better result than a supercapacitor fabricated with pristine polyaniline. Furthermore, the developed supercapacitor demonstrated excellent mechanical stability, retaining its performance at diverse angles and even after 4000 bending cycles. These characteristics make PANI/N-GQD-based supercapacitors appropriate for wearable devices requiring flexibility, cycling stability, and mechanical toughness.

Probing the complexities of optimal flow in open channels: experimental and numerical validation with diversion flow

ABSTRACT This study aims to establish the optimal diversion angle for bifurcating channels to minimize separation zone size in the intake channel while maximizing discharge in the bifurcating channel through experimental and numerical investigations. The study successfully accomplished its goals by employing the Flow-3D 11.0.4 software. The software was utilized to examine the flow diversion into bifurcating channels with various diversion angles, including 900°, 750°, 600°, 450°, 300°, 250°, 200° and 150°. The experimental investigation has confirmed the theoretical predictions regarding the expected flow characteristics. The conclusive findings demonstrated that the diverted flow is most effectively impacted by a diversion angle of 25°. The study provided findings for various discharges flowing (12.3 and 17 L/s); a total of 95 runs were performed, and investigations revealed that the branching discharge depends on several interconnected parameters. It rises with an increase in the depth ratio. In subcritical flow, the main channel always has a lower water depth than the branch channel. The flowing diversion to the branch channel causes a reduction in water depth downstream of the main channel. The study found that the optimal angle for branching was 25°.

In-Vitro Investigation on the Tribological Properties of Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) Alloy Used in Braided Vascular Stents

The integration of diverse weaving angles in vascular stent design proves beneficial for addressing complex applications such as bending, branching, and load-bearing. However, the weaving process may introduce frictional corrosion issues among threads, necessitating further investigation into frictional behaviors at different weaving angles. This study simplifies the contact between nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy threads in woven stents as line-to-line contact between rods. A proposed in vitro experiment, based on weaving angles of 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°, systematically analyzes friction and wear characteristics, including friction coefficients, wear parameters, and morphology. Findings indicate significant impacts of weaving angles on tribological behaviors, with 30° weaving angle stents exhibiting the lowest wear rate. The study identifies four developmental stages in the life cycle of line-to-line contact wear: breaking-in wear, steady wear, severe wear, and post-stable wear. Under 25% calf serum lubrication, lower friction coefficients and wear rates are observed, validating NiTi alloy suitability for lubricated human environments. The investigation reveals a nonlinear correlation between weaving angles, friction cycles, and wear rates, offering insights for the tribological design of woven instruments.

Why Do People Migrate? Fresh Takes on the Foundational Question of Migration Studies

“Why do people migrate?” is a question that forms the pivot of migration studies, and migration theory in particular. But it has hardly found satisfactory answers. In this article, I reapproach the question from an array of diverse angles and provide eight responses. Some are aligned with recent theoretical developments, others unpack long-standing ideas with evolving significance, and still others are fundamentally atheoretical. Together, they show how the question can be answered, how it is being answered—even inadvertently or misleadingly—and what the implications are of answering the question in different ways. These are the responses, which each initiates a discussion: (1) For the reasons under which they are admitted as immigrants; (2) For reasons that are socially legitimate; (3) Because the sum of push and pull factors is in favor of migration; (4) Because they have the aspiration and the ability to do so; (5) Because an opportunity presents itself; (6) Either because they chose to or because they are forced to; (7) Because they see migration as either intrinsically or instrumentally valuable; (8) To lead a normal life. The discussions demonstrate how theoretical, methodological and political dimensions of migration sway the ways in which reasons for migration are understood and represented. “Why do people migrate?” is slippery as a research question, but its indeterminate nature makes it a guiding light for research that navigates a diversity of perspectives with humility and curiosity.

IDHS-RGME: Identification of DNase I hypersensitive sites by integrating information on nucleotide composition and physicochemical properties

As pivotal markers of chromatin accessibility, DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) intimately link to fundamental biological processes encompassing gene expression regulation and disease pathogenesis. Developing efficient and precise algorithms for DHSs identification holds paramount importance for unraveling genome functionality and elucidating disease mechanisms. This study innovatively presents iDHS-RGME, an Extremely Randomized Trees (Extra-Trees)-based algorithm that integrates unique feature extraction techniques for enhanced DHSs prediction. Specifically, iDHS-RGME utilizes two feature extraction approaches: Reverse Complementary Kmer (RCKmer) and Geary Spatial Autocorrelation (GSA), which comprehensively capture sequence attributes from diverse angles, bolstering information richness and accuracy. To address data imbalance, Borderline-SMOTE is employed, followed by Maximum Information Coefficient (MIC) for meticulous feature selection. Comparative evaluations underscored the superiority of the Extra-Trees classifier, which was subsequently adopted for model prediction. Through rigorous five-fold cross-validation, iDHS-RGME achieved remarkable accuracies of 94.71 % and 95.07 % on two independent datasets, outperforming previous models in terms of both precision and effectiveness.

Minimum-time rendezvous for Sun-facing diffractive solar sails with diverse deflection angles

Minimum-time rendezvous for Sun-facing diffractive solar sails with diverse deflection angles

Evaluation of radiation protection effectivity in a cardiac angiography room using visualized scattered radiation distribution

In this study, we devised a radiation protection tool specifically designed for healthcare professionals and students engaged in cardiac catheterization to easily monitor and evaluate scattered radiation distribution across diverse C-arm angles and arbitrary physician associated staff positions—scrub nurse and technologist positions. In this study, scattered radiation distributions in an angiography room were calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation of particle and heavy ion transport code system (PHITS) code. Four visualizations were performed under different C-arm angles with and without radiation protection: (1) a dose profile, (2) a 2D cross-section, (3) a 3D scattered radiation distribution, and (4) a 4D scattered radiation distribution. The simulation results detailing the scattered radiation distribution in PHITS were exported in Visualization Toolkit format and visualized through the open-source visualization application ParaView for analysis. Visualization of the scattered dose showed that dose distribution depends on the C-arm angle and the x-ray machine output parameters (kV, mAs s−1, beam filtration) which depend upon beam angulation to the patient body. When irradiating in the posterior–anterior direction, the protective curtain decreased the dose by 62% at a point 80 cm from the floor, where the physician’s gonads are positioned. Placing the protection board close to the x-ray tube reduced the dose by 24% at a location 160 cm from the floor, where the lens of the eye is situated. Notably, positioning the protection board adjacent to the physician resulted in a 95.4% reduction in incident air kerma. These visualization displays can be combined to understand the spread and direction of the scattered radiation distribution and to determine where and how to operate and place radiation protection devices, accounting for the different beam angulations encountered in interventional cases. This study showed that scatter visualization could be a radiation protection teaching aid for students and medical staff in angiography rooms.

Unraveling financial well-being: A comprehensive systematic literature review

The state of financial well-being plays a significant role in influencing an individual's overall well-being and satisfaction with life. However, only a few studies summarize the research in this field despite the importance and increase in studies on the topic. To address this issue, this article presents an in-depth systematic review of the literature on financial well-being, highlighting its publication trends, influential factors, underlying theoretical frameworks, diverse measures, varying definitions and conceptualizations. Through an intensive content analysis, this review encapsulates the evolution of research trends and identifies the important factors that affect the perception of financial well-being. It has been concluded from this review that financial well-being is a complex phenomenon influenced by a number of interrelated sociodemographic, economic, financial, and psychological factors. This review provides key insights and critical findings, giving a panoramic view of financial well-being and paves the way for future research. This article concludes with thought-provoking implications for future research directions, laying the groundwork for researchers to delve deeper into uncharted territories and emphasizing the need for continued exploration of financial well-being from diverse angles.

Comprehensive Survey of Abstractive Text Summarization Techniques

Text summarization using pre-trained encoders has become a crucial technique for efficiently managing large volumes of text data. The rise of automatic summarization systems addresses the need to process ever-increasing data while meeting user-specific requirements. Recent scientific research highlights significant advancements in abstractive summarization, with a particular focus on neural network-based methods. A detailed review of various neural network models for abstractive summarization identifies five key components essential to their design: encoder-decoder architecture, mechanisms, training strategies and optimization algorithms, dataset selection, and evaluation metrics. Each of these elements is pivotal in enhancing the summarization process. This study aims to provide a thorough understanding of the latest developments in neural network-based abstractive summarization models, offering insights into the evolving field and underscoring the associated challenges. Qualitative analysis using a concept matrix reveals common design trends in contemporary neural abstractive summarization systems. Notably, BERT-based encoder-decoder models have emerged as leading innovations, representing the most recent progress in the field. Based on the insights from this review, the study recommends integrating pre-trained language models with neural network techniques to achieve optimal performance in abstractive summarization tasks. As the volume of online information continues to surge, the field of automatic text summarization has garnered significant attention within the Natural Language Processing (NLP) community. Spanning over five decades, researchers have approached this problem from diverse angles, exploring various domains and employing a multitude of paradigms. This survey aims to delve into some of the most pertinent methodologies, focusing on both single-document and multiple-document summarization techniques, with a particular emphasis on empirical methods and extractive approaches. Additionally, the survey explores promising strategies that target specific intricacies of the summarization task. Notably, considerable attention is dedicated to the automatic evaluation of summarization systems, recognizing its pivotal role in guiding future research endeavors.

Localization and Sound Power Estimation of Sound Sources in Industrial Plants using the Sound Field Scanning Method

Reducing sound emissions from industrial plants requires an initial step of localizing key contributing sources. Acoustic cameras are pivotal for quickly identifying these sources, yet challenges persist in low-frequency source localization and presenting results for effective impact assessment. This contribution introduces the Sound Field Scanning technology, utilizing a rotating linear microphone array covering a measurement surface with diameter of 2.5 meters for low-frequency source localization from 125Hz. The underlying sound imaging method compensates for Doppler distortions in the moving microphone signals and evaluates coherence spectra with a non-moving reference microphone to compute an acoustic image. For analysis, a method quantifying sound power contributions from specific regions in the optical image is presented. Comparing sound power metrics of the full optical field of view with metrics of regions of interest enables users to quickly rank source contributions and assess the impact of reducing these contributions on total sound power. In complex scenarios, preliminary investigations can be streamlined with a few measurements from diverse angles, expediting the problem-solving process with confidence. The method is exemplified through the analysis of sound emissions from a production plant.

Numerical evaluation of interwire angle influence on molten pool fluid dynamics and weld defects in tandem NG-GMAW of 5083 aluminum alloy

The impact of interwire angle on the fluid dynamics and weld defects in tandem NG-GMAW of 5083 AlMg alloy was investigated through experimental and simulation methods. The rotating coordinate system was employed to model the inclined arc and arc interaction, while a pulsed Gaussian distribution arc model was adopted to consider factors such as arc heat, arc pressure and drag force. Experimental results demonstrate that different interwire angles lead to different weld formation and varying levels of porosity and pore distribution. A sound weld bead with no formation defect and low porosity was achieved when the interwire angle was set at 10°. Simulation results illustrate the relationship between weld formation, bubble escape and molten pool fluid dynamics under diverse interwire angles. As the interwire angle increases, the weld surface becomes concave. At the interwire angle of 0°, the weld bead surface appears leveled and porosity tends to occur near the sidewalls due to roundabout flows in that region. At an interwire angle of 14°, roundabout flows converge at the central longitudinal section, resulting in significant porosity in this area. However, when the interwire angle is set at 10°, backward flows driven by two arcs suppresses roundabout flow throughout the entire molten pool, leading to a lower percentage of porosity area.

Numerical simulation study on propagation mechanism of fractures in tight oil vertical wells with multi-stage temporary plugging at the fracture mouth

The multi-stage temporary plugging and diverting fracturing technique stands as a pivotal method for enhancing production in tight oil reservoirs. At present, fracture propagation models in temporary plugging and diverting fracturing primarily focus on single-stage temporary plugging, disregarding intricate mechanisms influenced by multi-stage temporary plugging and inter-fracture interference on the redirection and propagation of artificial fractures. To address this gap, this study employs the extended finite element method and establishes a mechanical model for the propagation of multi-stage temporary plugging fractures in tight oil reservoirs based on the maximum circumferential stress criterion. Relevant numerical simulations are conducted, considering key factors such as horizontal stress differences, fracturing fluid viscosity, injection rate, and initial fracture angle, all of which influence the morphology of diversion fracture propagation. The study rigorously analyzes and compares characteristics such as the radius of diversion fractures, diversion angle, and fracture width profile corresponding to different numbers of temporary plugging stages. Numerical simulations reveal that the primary controlling factor influencing the extension of fractures is the horizontal stress difference. A smaller horizontal stress difference makes fracture diversion easier, resulting in larger redirection radii. The impact of fracturing fluid viscosity on the diversion radius and diversion angle of fractures can be deemed negligible. Larger injection rates during construction facilitate easier diversion, leading to larger diversion radii. Furthermore, when the initial fracture angle exceeds 90°, the diversion radius of fractures is significantly larger compared to cases where the initial fracture angle is less than 90°, indicating a more facile diversion of fractures.

Evaluating Factors Shaping Real-Time Internet-of-Things-Based License Plate Recognition Using Single-Board Computer Technology

Reliable and cost-efficient license plate recognition (LPR) systems enhance security, traffic management, and automated toll collection in real-world applications. This study addresses optimal unique configurations for enhancing LPR system accuracy and reliability by evaluating the impact of camera angle, object velocity, and distance on the efficacy of real-time LPR systems. The Internet of Things (IoT) LPR framework is proposed and utilized on single-board computer (SBC) technology, such as the Raspberry Pi 4 platform, with a high-resolution webcam using advanced OpenCV and OCR–Tesseract algorithms applied. The research endeavors to simulate common deployment scenarios of the real-time LPR system and perform thorough testing by leveraging SBC computational capabilities and the webcam’s imaging capabilities. The testing process is not just comprehensive, but also meticulous, ensuring the system’s reliability in various operational settings. We performed extensive experiments with a hundred repetitions at diverse angles, velocities, and distances. An assessment of the data’s precision, recall, and F1 score indicates the accuracy with which Thai license plates are identified. The results show that camera angles close to 180° significantly reduce perspective distortion, thus enhancing precision. Lower vehicle speeds (&lt;10 km/h) and shorter distances (&lt;10 m) also improve recognition accuracy by reducing motion blur and improving image clarity. Images captured from shorter distances (approximately less than 10 m) are more accurate for high-resolution character recognition. This study substantially contributes to SBC technology utilizing IoT-based real-time LPR systems for practical, accurate, and cost-effective implementations.

Collaborative optimization of two-dimensional convergent divergent exhaust system based on Kriging model

In order to enhance the performance of the two-dimensional exhaust system during high-speed cruising and enhance aircraft survivability against infrared-guided weaponry, this study undertakes a systematic optimization of the geometric and thermodynamic parameters governing the two-dimensional exhaust system. The optimization objectives encompass augmenting both the discharge coefficient and the thrust coefficient of the nozzle while concurrently mitigating the infrared radiation intensity emanating in the tail direction. Imposing limitations on the infrared radiation intensity across diverse detection angles, the study further imposes constraints on the thrust efficiency and deflection efficiency of the thrust vectoring nozzle subsequent to a 15° deflection. Such measures ensure the maintenance of optimal stealth capabilities across all detection angles while preserving the unhampered thrust vectoring performance of the nozzle. This study employs the optimal Latin hypercube method and Kriging surrogate models in conjunction with collaborative optimization techniques to address multidisciplinary design optimization challenges. Comparative analyses with the initial design revealed significant enhancements: up to a 2.88% increase in the discharge coefficient, a maximum 0.53% increase in the thrust coefficient, and a notable reduction of up to 17.09% in tail direction dimensionless infrared radiation intensity, validating the effectiveness of the optimized exhaust system design.

Span-level bidirectional retention scheme for aspect sentiment triplet extraction

The objective of the Aspect Sentiment Triplet Extraction (ASTE) task is to identify triplets of (aspect, opinion, sentiment) from user-generated reviews. The current study does not extensively integrate the interaction between word pairs and aspect-opinion pairs during the learning process at the granularity of sentence analysis. Furthermore, the bidirectional inference for the triplet, along with the parallel computing approach for long-span texts, also fail to achieve efficient unification. We introduce a new perspective: Span-level Bidirectional Retention Scheme(SBRS) for Aspect Sentiment Triplet Extraction model. The model comprises two pathways. The first pathway involves extracting effective aspect-opinion pair outcomes via two progressive submodules that operate on words and word pairs at varying scales. Building on the first pathway, the second pathway senses the interaction information of word pairs through bidirectional recursion and combines an efficient parallel computing approach. This combination allows the model to utilize three features – context, semantics, and relationship – to accurately identify the sentimental orientation. Thus, the two pathways facilitate the learning of relation-aware representations of word pairs. We carried out experiments on two public datasets, showing an average enhancement of 3.34% and 1.72% in F1 scores compared to the most recent baselines models, and multiple experiments from diverse angles proved the model’s superiority.

Optimized Wide-Angle Metamaterial Edge Filters: Enhanced Performance with Multi-Layer Designs and Anti-Reflection Coatings

Optimized Wide-Angle Metamaterial Edge Filters: Enhanced Performance with Multi-Layer Designs and Anti-Reflection Coatings

Heat flow topology-driven thermo-mass decoupling strategy: Cross-scale regularization modeling and optimization analysis

The liquid desiccant dehumidification (LDD) is both eco-friendly and highly effective in humidity control, widely investigated across diverse angles. This study expands the application of the newly devised heat current method to examine the liquid desiccant dehumidification process. It introduces a new regularized temperature, which includes using a heat flow topology driven thermo-mass decoupling strategy, and constructing the heat current model by defining both the thermal resistance and moisture resistance. It significantly extends the application of the heat current method, clarifying the thermo-mass coupling energy transfer mechanism. The findings indicate that key factors influencing system performance indicators include total thermal conductivity (αA), solution mass flow rate (ms), air-solution mass flow rate ratio (RA/S,D), and heat source temperature (tH). Furthermore, under the influence of distinct thermal conductivities, the optimal output values for performance indicators, including moisture removal rate, exergy efficiency and entransy efficiency, are determined as 8.4 g/s, 71.2%, and 12.3%, respectively. The results of synergistic influence analysis reveal that, for the performance indicator entransy efficiency, msand RA/S,D display a significant degree of synergistic influence, resulting in a strong positive effect and benefiting 68.53% of the total area. Multi-objective optimization indicates a trade-off relationship among the system performance evaluation indicators moisture removal rate, exergy efficiency and entransy efficiency, with optimal solution values of 3.25 g/s, 65.92%, and 12.01%, respectively.