Solar energy transition under IMF conditionality: Distributive justice and energy policy imperative in Pakistan

Designing a collection and delivery point network based on distributive justice principles

Most encounters between officers and citizens occur in low-visibility settings, where front-line officers exercise significant discretionary power. Previous research has highlighted the crucial role of police–citizen contact in shaping citizens’ perceptions of procedural and distributive justice. This study goes beyond the simple focus on voluntary versus involuntary contact by examining how specific officer demeanors, such as shouting, impact citizens’ sense of justice. Using data from the 2015 Police-Public Contact Survey and two binary logistic regression models, we found that shouting by officers significantly reduces citizens’ sense of both distributive and procedural justice. Notably, the effect of race is only statistically associated with citizens’ sense of distributive justice, but not procedural justice. Moreover, findings from the Chi-square analysis suggest that while procedural justice perceptions show relatively small racial differences, perceptions of distributive justice vary substantially by race. The study concludes by discussing policy implications and suggesting directions for future research.

This study examines how forensic accounting mechanisms, when complemented by maqāṣid al-sharīʿah–based ethical principles, can strengthen accountability, transparency, and fairness in Indonesia’s subsidised LPG distribution system. Specifically, it explores governance challenges—including weak internal controls, information asymmetry, ethical dilemmas, and limited public accountability literacy—and develops an integrative accountability framework to support ethical public governance. This study adopts an interpretive qualitative approach using in-depth interviews, limited field observations, and document analysis. Participants include government regulators, distribution agents, and public auditors involved in subsidy supervision. Data were analysed through thematic coding guided by forensic accounting indicators and maqāṣid-informed ethical considerations, with credibility ensured through triangulation and reflexive analysis. The findings indicate that governance inefficiencies largely arise from inadequate alignment between forensic control mechanisms and ethical accountability practices. While forensic accounting enhances transparency through evidence-based oversight, maqāṣid al-sharīʿah contributes an ethical foundation for distributive justice and public trust. Based on these findings, the study proposes an integrative accountability framework that connects technical control with ethical reasoning in public sector governance. The study suggests that policymakers strengthen fraud mitigation and governance quality by reinforcing forensic oversight alongside ethics-oriented capacity building grounded in principles of justice (‘adl), moral responsibility (amānah), and public welfare (maṣlaḥah). This study offers an integrative perspective on forensic accounting and maqāṣid al-sharīʿah in public sector governance, contributing to the literature on ethical accountability and value-based governance in subsidy management contexts.

This study examines the normative deficit in the law of regional financial management in Indonesia, which is still dominated by an orientation towards procedural accountability rather than substantive social justice. By employing a normative-juridical approach and legal comparison, this research reconstructs regional financial management law based on Pancasila justice through the integration of modern justice theories with Indonesia's constitutional values. Through a comparative study of Japan and Malaysia, this article demonstrates that fiscal decentralization can be designed to promote distributive justice, a welfare orientation, and democratic legitimacy. The findings of this study offer a three-pillar reconstruction model: substantive justice as the legal objective, fiscal equity as the distribution instrument, and deliberative accountability as the legitimacy mechanism. This model contributes to the literature on public law and comparative fiscal governance by presenting a contextual, yet universally applicable, non-liberal constitutional justice framework.

ABSTRACT Nozick is known for defending the entitlement theory of distributive justice. The entitlement theory prohibits most kinds of redistribution by public officials on the grounds that, insofar as people are entitled to their property, redistribution violates those entitlements. In his later work, Nozick seemed to walk back his endorsement of the entitlement theory, writing that the theory was inadequate because it failed to account for the symbolic significance of state action. There, he suggested that public officials might be entitled to tax people for the benefit of the needy as a way of collectively expressing the political community’s care for the poor. In this essay, I reconstruct Nozick’s initial defense of the entitlement theory in a way that preserves the initial spirit of his argument while making the theory consistent with his later remarks about symbolic values and the importance of caring for the poor.

Resource value influences distributive justice behaviors of three- to five-year-old Chinese children

The European Union’s ambition to be carbon-neutral by 2050 has significantly increased demand for critical minerals, particularly from Sub-Saharan Africa, where informal mining is predominant. Although these objectives are based on the EU’s commitment to international law and constitutional principles, their external implications raise profound questions on inclusivity, equity, and global justice. Through a critical legal analysis approach, this article highlights the tensions between the EU's green ambitions and its global distributive justice. It argues that the rigidity and the lesser sensitivity to the social, economic, and institutional fragilities in the EU climate policy measures risk exacerbating structural inequalities and global economic exclusion.

ABSTRACT This study examined complex relationships among abusive supervision, procedural justice, and distributive justice in affecting work-related burnout among child welfare workers. Using survey data from the Florida Study of Professionals for Safe Families (n = 679), multiple regression revealed that abusive supervision was positively associated with work-related burnout, whereas procedural justice and distributive justice were negatively associated with it. Both procedural and distributive justice significantly moderated the association between abusive supervision and work-related burnout, such that the positive effect of abusive supervision on work-related burnout was strengthened as workers’ perceptions of both types of organizational justice increased. In addition, procedural justice was more effective in reducing work-related burnout when distributive justice was high. This study points to the importance of organizational efforts to prevent discrepancies between injustice and justice and promote all types of organizational justice simultaneously to reduce work-related burnout among child welfare workers.

The Mandatory green building certification has emerged as a central policy tool to advance sustainable development and reduce the environmental impacts of the construction sector, yet in Indonesia, it operates within a hybrid regulatory framework that combines statutory rules with non-state technical standards. This study examines whether such mandatory certification is legally sound, economically rational, and proportionate in relation to the burdens it imposes on regulated actors. Using a juridical–economic approach, the research integrates doctrinal legal analysis with public policy economics by examining national statutes, ministerial and regional regulations, and private certification standards, alongside academic literature and international policy reports. The analysis is conducted qualitatively through legal interpretation, cost–benefit reasoning, and a proportionality test based on the criteria of legitimate aim, suitability, necessity, and proportionality stricto sensu. The findings show that mandatory green building certification clearly pursues a legitimate public objective, environmental protection and sustainable development, but its implementation raises concerns about legal certainty and distributive justice. Reliance on non-state standards without explicit statutory delegation creates normative ambiguity, while significant upfront compliance costs for design, technology, and certification disproportionately affect small and medium-sized enterprises. As a result, the policy satisfies the requirement of a legitimate aim but does not fully meet the elements of necessity and proportionality in the strict sense, since it is not always the least restrictive or most balanced means of achieving environmental goals. The study’s novelty lies in its integrated legal–economic assessment of green building certification through the principle of proportionality, offering a holistic framework that evaluates environmental regulation not only as a matter of legal validity but also as an instrument of economic rationality and fair burden-sharing in public policy.

Students and teachers can participate more peacefully and safely in school sports activities in a healthy environment and physically, mentally, and emotionally healthy. Providing such a healthy space in schools requires numerous infrastructural and conditional prerequisites, with ensuring economic resources for health being essential. Therefore, this article aims to identify practical health economics strategies for developing physical education in schools. Suitable practical health economics strategies may include integrating health impacts into economic evaluations, developing student insurance as a safety valve, distributive justice in health services, investment in school health infrastructure, encouraging health policies related to transportation, empowering teachers and school administrators in health economics, offering financial incentives to schools, and fostering cross-sector collaboration. These strategies can lead to improvements in health infrastructure, increased student participation in sports activities, and enhancement of the quality of physical education programs. Financial incentives include grants for implementing health programs, bonuses for schools that achieve health and sports participation targets, and subsidies for schools that invest in health infrastructure. In summary, this article suggests innovation in health economics and physical education in schools by identifying gaps in previous studies and proposing new approaches.

Biodiversity loss and socioeconomic inequities are closely linked, yet conservation efforts often prioritize ecological goals, resulting in unsustainable outcomes. We propose a justice-centered socioecological framework that integrates biodiversity conservation with human well-being based on the principles of sustainable development theory and the concepts of distributive, procedural, and recognition justice. We reviewed the recent literature on fortress and market-based conservation approaches (2020-2025) to examine their impact on local communities. This review showed that fortress conservation and market-based approaches often exclude local communities, thereby undermining their livelihoods and the sustainability of their communities. In the proposed model, participatory governance, livelihood-aligned strategies (e.g., agroecology), and policy reforms (e.g., rights-based legislation) are integrated to promote equitable and resilient outcomes. Examples of successful use of an integrated approach include Namibia's conservancies, in which wildlife is jointly managed with the community and the community receives wildlife-related income, and Bhutan's Gross National Happiness (GNH) framework, which requires every development (road, mine, and protected area) to be screened for its effects on forest cover and cultural well-being. In these cases, there is adaptive governance (i.e., iterative, community-led rulemaking that changes based on ecological data) and redirection of subsidies from large commercial ranches to communal conservancy trusts, which positively affect biodiversity and human well-being. The GNH is a transformative and scalable approach because justice-based participatory mapping, livelihood-aligned incentives, and right-based policies are embedded in every conservation intervention, thereby aligning with global sustainability goals (e.g., UN Sustainable Development Goals 1 and 15). Centering justice in conservation planning is ethically and pragmatically essential for long-term success.

ABSTRACT Social justice is a central concern for societies worldwide, and governments frequently design education policies to advance it. While research has examined the forms and extent of educational inequities, it has paid less attention to how equity-oriented policies are shaped by historical and contextual factors, especially regional diversity within a single nation. This paper analyses welfare policy interventions in education in two Chinese cities – Beijing and Hong Kong — and explores how their distinct socio-cultural settings influence public views of education as a public or private good. Drawing on a welfare-regime perspective combined with Nancy Fraser’s notion of social justice, it offers a new approach to understanding equity-oriented education policies, based on 21 policy programmes. Findings show that both cities employ a direct, centralised approach typically associated with a conservative model, yet their sociopolitical contexts generate divergent strategies. Beijing operates a conservative-productivist regime, using centralised redistribution to advance distributive justice while subordinating recognitive and participatory aims to collectivism and political stability. Hong Kong’s conservative-neoliberal regime delegates redistribution to school-level market mechanisms, expanding recognitive coverage but sustaining class-based barriers to participation. It closes with suggestions for disadvantaged students and contributes to wider debates on the need for context-sensitive frameworks of social justice.

The accelerated evolution of the digital economy in Indonesia underscores the limitations of the safe harbor model in intermediary liability regulations, which are presently reactive in nature. The prevailing legal framework, chiefly rooted in the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law) and Minister of Communication and Information Technology Regulation No. 5/2020, has a propensity to confer procedural immunity upon marketplace platforms by allocating the risk and the onus of proof to consumers and small traders, thereby engendering a state of structural injustice. The present study identifies the issue of how to reformulate the principle of intermediary liability so as to align with John Rawls' distributive justice, which emphasises active protection for the most vulnerable. Utilising the framework of normative legal research methodologies, a comprehensive examination was undertaken of the pertinent regulations, employing the critical lens of Rawls' theory of justice. The results of the study propose a transformation from a passive notice-and-takedown approach to a proactive model based on five principles: proportional duty of care, public transparency on moderation and algorithms, no-fault recovery mechanisms for risk redistribution, inclusive verification for micro-sellers, and independent audits to prevent algorithmic discrimination. The objective is to transform intermediary liability into a proactive instrument of justice, thereby ensuring that platforms play a role in maintaining a digital ecosystem that is both fair and safe for all.

ABSTRACT Threats to wetlands affect food security and livelihoods and are especially important for low-income rural communities in developing countries which may have few alternative sources of food and employment. This research examined the roles of social capital when working for justice for wetland users affected by Rasi-Salai Dam in northeastern Thailand. Qualitative data derived from semi-structured interviews, observation, and focus groups identified that bonding, bridging and linking social capital contributed to achieving greater justice for a community impacted by dam development. Drawing on a unique conceptual framework integrating food security and wetlands, social capital theory and a social justice framework (SJF), the article expands on social capital theory by analysing its effectiveness for procedural, distributive and interactive justice. Insights and lessons learned are instructive about how social capital can influence policy change for others facing similar dilemmas.

Colonialism in Africa has entrenched the exploitation of natural resources, a legacy that persists today through multinational corporations, foreign debt, and neoliberal policies. The Democratic Republic of Congo, with the world’s largest cobalt and copper reserves yet over 60% of its population living in extreme poverty, exemplifies this enduring global inequality. In this context, the hadiths of Prophet Muhammad PBUH, which stress distributive justice, prohibition of monopoly, and ecological stewardship, gain critical relevance. This study explores the normative contribution of hadith to economic and environmental justice in postcolonial Africa. Using a qualitative descriptive method with historical-critical and theological-normative approaches, it integrates hadith textual analysis with the socio-economic realities of African societies. Findings reveal three main points: first, hadiths on water, land, and tree planting articulate principles of conservation and equitable resource distribution; second, Islamic ecotheology frames environmental degradation as a violation of human responsibility as God’s khalīfah (steward); third, development models grounded in hadith values offer alternatives to exploitative global capitalism. The study concludes that revitalizing hadith is vital not only for theological discourse but also for guiding ethical and structural systems, aiming to build a more just and sustainable global order for African societies still burdened by colonial legacies.

Orientation: Organisational citizenship behaviour is crucial for increasing organisational effectiveness, particularly in healthcare settings. Research purpose: This research analyses the influence of two forms of organisational justice on OCB among healthcare workers. Affective commitment is used as a mediating variable, while passive leadership acts as a moderating variable. Motivation for the study: Previous research has demonstrated the critical role of organisational justice in OCB, but empirical evidence that specifically explains how procedural and distributive justice influence OCB through affective commitment, particularly in healthcare, is lacking. Research approach/design and method: This research employed a quantitative approach with a positivist paradigm. Data were collected by using a survey with a questionnaire from 400 hospital employees. Analysis was conducted by using Structural Equation Modelling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Main findings: The results indicate that procedural justice has a direct effect on OCB, while distributive justice has only an indirect effect through affective commitment. Affective commitment proved to be a significant mediator in the relationship between organisational justice and OCB. Passive leadership was found to negatively moderate the effect of organisational justice on affective commitment. Practical/managerial implications: Hospitals need to ensure the implementation of fair procedures, transparent distribution of resources, and implement proactive leadership to increase employee emotional engagement and encourage OCB. Contribution/value-add: This research provides theoretical contributions by confirming the role of affective commitment as a mediating mechanism in the relationship between organisational justice and OCB and demonstrating the moderating effect of passive leadership.

Abstract Over the last 20 years, collaborative efforts have emerged with the intention of going beyond the pure capitalist economy, seeking to generate transformative community‐based changes that guarantee blue equity, fair distribution and well‐being. In the interests of sustainability and in defence of their livelihoods and culture, these marine stewards lead community initiatives that promote a sharing approach to the defence of the oceans against the deprivation of basic needs and the commons against the growth of the ocean economy. Based on historical analysis and exhaustive ethnography, this study explores the processes of the commons, decommonization and commoning throughout history to understand the continuities and discontinuities over time and uncover the drivers that can fuel transformative change. The coast of Catalonia, in the north‐western Mediterranean and the Cap de Creus Marine Protected Area, in north‐eastern Catalonia, serve as this case study for this research. The results show that the commons are a kind of ‘timeless conception’, since they represent an ecological, social and cultural value of goods essential for life that exists in recognition of the action of the social ties of the community in the defence of a common interest, regardless of the tenure system, the institution or the collective management system. This socio‐moral environmental principle, along with the actions of a community of marine stewards defending it against socio‐ecological challenges, sustains the pre‐existence of the commons over time. The study highlights its potential and the need for the complicity of States, business and society to produce transformative changes. This means repositioning a moral and ecological economy at the centre of the economic system, institutionalized by a political regime through legal frameworks based on distributive justice and equity, thus guaranteeing the fundamental rights to subsistence and the prevention of exclusion. The study contends about the necessity to consider historical processes to illuminate aspects that could underpin the transformation of social–ecological relations. A retrospective analysis of past management experiences is necessary to evaluate their relevance and applicability in contemporary contexts, despite considerable shifts in social, political and ecological conditions. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Purpose This study examines the impact of training justice, including procedural, distributive, informational, and interpersonal training justice, on anti-moonlighting attitude and affective commitment. It also investigates the effect of affective commitment on anti-moonlighting attitude. In addition, the study explores the mediating role of affective commitment in the relationship between training justice and anti-moonlighting attitude. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected online through a structured questionnaire from 526 employees working in the Indian Information Technology (IT) industry. The proposed model was tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings The results show that training justice positively impacts both anti-moonlighting attitude and affective commitment. Affective commitment also positively affects anti-moonlighting attitude and mediates the relationship between training justice and anti-moonlighting attitude. Furthermore, the control variables such as gender, age, and career level significantly affect these relationships. Research limitations/implications As the study is cross-sectional and limited to the Indian IT industry, generalizability is restricted. Future research should explore other cultural and industrial contexts. Practical implications Human resource managers can enhance fairness in training by assigning qualified trainers, conducting transparent evaluations, maintaining clear communication, and ensuring respectful treatment. These practices strengthen affective commitment, which in turn fosters an anti-moonlighting attitude and discourages moonlighting among employees in IT companies. Originality/value This study is the first of its kind to integrate dimensions of organizational justice in training and examine the interplay between training justice, affective commitment, and anti-moonlighting attitude within the Indian IT industry.

Digital health technologies are transforming healthcare by enabling continuous monitoring of conditions such as atrial fibrillation (AF), a common cardiac arrhythmia. Atrial fibrillation's episodic nature makes it difficult to detect in clinical settings, and digital health devices offer a promising solution. However, Black and Latino individuals, who face a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, experience disparities in AF detection and treatment due to barriers like limited access to care and clinician bias. These challenges are compounded by a lack of trust in the healthcare system and low adoption of digital health tools in underserved communities. In this study the aim was to identify facilitators and barriers to adopting technology-based AF surveillance among Black and Latino adults with cardiovascular disease and key stakeholders. We further examined ethical considerations related to distributive justice and trust-building and proposed strategies to address these disparities. Semistructured interviews were conducted between April and September 2023 with 25 stakeholders, including patients, caregivers, clinicians, and community health workers (CHWs). Interviews explored behavioral, environmental, and system-based factors influencing digital health adoption. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis guided by the socioecological framework. Barriers included low self-efficacy, financial constraints, language barriers, privacy concerns, and mistrust in healthcare systems. Facilitators included CHWs providing education and personalized support, family and community involvement, and health as a motivator. Participants emphasized the importance of addressing financial and logistical barriers, building trust through long-term community engagement, and tailoring interventions to underserved populations' needs. Digital health devices hold potential for improving AF detection and management in underserved communities. However, a community-centered approach is necessary to bridge the digital divide, address ethical challenges, and build trust. Leveraging CHWs and trusted community settings can enhance access, engagement, and equity in digital health adoption for AF surveillance.