Distinct Clauses Research Articles

Proposed Quality Plan for Shipbuilding in Indonesia Based on ISO 10005:2018

Ensuring quality is of utmost importance for the shipbuilding sector, as it involves addressing both the quality of processes and the final products to achieve efficient and cost-effective manufacturing. It has become a standard practice for shipyards to adopt certifiable management systems. ISO 9001:2015 sets out the necessary criteria for a Quality Plan, which is influenced by the company's overall quality policy and contractual obligations. In this context, ISO 10005:2018 offers guidance that can be utilized within the framework of quality plans to meet the specific requirements of a project. Several quality plans for Indonesian shipyards, only adopting ISO 9001 and ISO 10005:2018, have yet to be widely implemented. Thus, this paper adopts ISO 10005:2018 to identify the quality plan of three selected shipyards in Indonesia. The gap analysis technique is used to compare the current state of the quality plan with the desired conditions outlined in the ISO 10005:2018 standard. The identified gaps will determine the areas that require immediate attention and improvement in order to meet the requirements of ISO 10005:2018. The primary objective of this study is to facilitate the creation of a quality plan that adheres to the ISO 9001 and 10005 standards. Based on the comparison results of quality plans according to ISO 10005:2018 in shipyards A, B, and C, the recommendation is to integrate distinct clauses (6.4, 6.7.1, 6.7.3, 6.10, 6.13, and 6.15) to improve the quality plans across these specific shipyards.

The 39 Shots

After multiple unsuccessful attempts (or productive failures) to translate the text into video, I broke the text apart into 39 short, distinct clauses and connected them to individual shots from 39 Hitchcock films. I chose Hitchcock because the text explicitly stated that it referred to a film NOT directed by Hitchcock. I was surprised to find, in the process of editing, just how “Hitchcockian” the imagery evoked by the text actually turned out to be.

On a simple hard variant of Not-All-Equal 3-Sat

We consider a simplified version of Not-All-Equal 3-Sat, a variation of the famous Satisfiability problem, where each clause is made up of exactly three distinct literals and the question is whether there exists a truth assignment such that for each clause at least one literal is set to true and at least one is set to false. We show that Not-All-Equal 3-Sat remains NP-complete if (1) each variable appears exactly four times, (2) there are no negations in the formula, and (3) the formula is linear, i.e., each pair of distinct clauses shares at most one variable. Therewith, we improve upon two results in the literature.

Making work visible for electronic phenotype implementation: Lessons learned from the eMERGE network.

Implementation of phenotype algorithms requires phenotype engineers to interpret human-readable algorithms and translate the description (text and flowcharts) into computable phenotypes - a process that can be labor intensive and error prone. To address the critical need for reducing the implementation efforts, it is important to develop portable algorithms. We conducted a retrospective analysis of phenotype algorithms developed in the Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) network and identified common customization tasks required for implementation. A novel scoring system was developed to quantify portability from three aspects: Knowledge conversion, clause Interpretation, and Programming (KIP). Tasks were grouped into twenty representative categories. Experienced phenotype engineers were asked to estimate the average time spent on each category and evaluate time saving enabled by a common data model (CDM), specifically the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) model, for each category. A total of 485 distinct clauses (phenotype criteria) were identified from 55 phenotype algorithms, corresponding to 1153 customization tasks. In addition to 25 non-phenotype-specific tasks, 46 tasks are related to interpretation, 613 tasks are related to knowledge conversion, and 469 tasks are related to programming. A score between 0 and 2 (0 for easy, 1 for moderate, and 2 for difficult portability) is assigned for each aspect, yielding a total KIP score range of 0 to 6. The average clause-wise KIP score to reflect portability is 1.37 ± 1.38. Specifically, the average knowledge (K) score is 0.64 ± 0.66, interpretation (I) score is 0.33 ± 0.55, and programming (P) score is 0.40 ± 0.64. 5% of the categories can be completed within one hour (median). 70% of the categories take from days to months to complete. The OMOP model can assist with vocabulary mapping tasks. This study presents firsthand knowledge of the substantial implementation efforts in phenotyping and introduces a novel metric (KIP) to measure portability of phenotype algorithms for quantifying such efforts across the eMERGE Network. Phenotype developers are encouraged to analyze and optimize the portability in regards to knowledge, interpretation and programming. CDMs can be used to improve the portability for some 'knowledge-oriented' tasks.

Interpreting Conjoined noun Phrases and Conjoined Clauses: Collective versus Distributive Preferences

Two experiments are reported that show that introducing event participants in a conjoined noun phrase (NP) favours a single event (collective) interpretation, while introducing them in separate clauses favours a separate events (distributive) interpretation. In Experiment 1, acceptability judgements were speeded when the bias of a predicate toward separate events versus a single event matched the presumed bias of how the subjects' referents were introduced (as conjoined noun phrases or in conjoined clauses). In Experiment 2, reading of a phrase containing an anaphor following conjoined noun phrases was facilitated when the anaphor was they, relative to when it was neither/each of them; the opposite pattern was found when the anaphor followed conjoined clauses. We argue that comprehension was facilitated when the form of an anaphor was appropriate for how its antecedents were introduced. These results address the very general problem of how we individuate entities and events when presented with a complex situation and show that different linguistic forms can guide how we construe a situation. The results also indicate that there is no general penalty for introducing the entities or events separately-in distinct clauses as "split" antecedents.

Parecer: Conflito Cláusula Compromissória

ABSTRACT: The present legal opinion is about an arbitration procedure between a Brazilian and a German company that signed an offtake agreement and subsequently an agreement that turned official the avoidance of the contract and other provisions agreed between the parties, having both these contracts established two distinct arbitration clauses that differed as to the place of arbitration and number of arbitrators in the Tribunal. The object of the opinion was to determine which contract would rule the arbitration proposed by one of the parties, to deliberate about the pathology of the arbitration clause and the inconsistency between the two clauses, and to answer the question of which should prevail and about the possibility of one of the parties turning to the Brazilian Tribunals to request that the second party should sign the Arbitration Agreement.

K-LSAT is NP-Complete for k≥3

合取范式(conjunctive normal form,简称CNF)公式F是线性公式,如果F中任意两个不同子句至多有一个公共变元.如果F中的任意两个不同子句恰好含有一个公共变元,则称F是严格线性的.所有的严格线性公式均是可满足的,而对于线性公式类LCNF,对应的判定问题LSAT仍然是NP-完全的.LCNF_≥k是子句长度大于或等于k的CNF公式子类,判定问题LSA(≥k)的NP-完全性与LCNF(≥k)中是否含有不可满足公式密切相关.即LSAT_≥k的NP-完全性取决于LCNF_≥k是否含有不可满足公式.S.Porschen等人用超图和拉丁方的方法构造了LCNF_≥3和LCNF_≥4中的不可满足公式,并提出公开问题:对于k≥5,LCNF_≥k是否含有不可满足公式?将极小不可满足公式应用于公式的归约,引入了一个简单的一般构造方法.证明了对于k≥3,k-LCNF含有不可满足公式,从而证明了一个更强的结果:对于k≥3,k-LSAT是NP-完全的.;A CNF formula F is linear if any distinct clauses in F contain at most one common variable.A CNF formula F is exact linear if any distinet clauses in F contain exactly one conlrnon vailable.All exact linear formulas are satisfiable[1],and for the class LCNF of linear formulas,the decision problem LSAT remains NP-complete.For the subclasses LCNF_≥kof LCNF,in which formulas have only clauses of length at least k,the NP-completeness of the decision problem LSAT_≥kis closely relevant to whether or not there exists an unsatisfiable formula in LCNF_≥k,i.e.,the NP-eompletness of SAT for LCNF_≥k(k≥3)is the question whether there exists an unsatisfiable formula in LCNF_≥k.S.Porschen et al.have shown that both LCNF_≥3and LCNF_≥4contain unsatisfiable formulas by the constructions of hypergraphs and latin squares.It leaves the open question whether for each k≥5 there is an unsatisfiable formula in LCNF_≥k.This paper presents a simple and general method to construct unsatisfiable formulas in k-LCNF for each k≥3 by the application of minimal unsatisfiable formulas to reductions for formulas.It is shown that for each k≥3 there exists a minimal unsatisfiable formula in k-LCNF.Therefore,the stronger result is shown that k-LSAT is NP-complete for k≥3.

Disjoint DNF Tautologies with Conflict Bound Two

Many aspects of the relation of different decision tree and DNF complexity measures of Boolean functions have been more or less substantially explored. This paper adds a new detail to the picture: we prove that DNF tautologies with terms conflicting in one or two variables pairwise possess a tree-like structure. An equivalent reformulation of this result (adopting the terminology of [7, 8, 9]) is the following. Call a clause-set (or CNF) a hitting clause-set if any two distinct clauses of it clash in at least one literal, and call a hitting clause-set an at-most-d hitting clause-set if any two clauses of it clash in at most d variables. If now an at-most-2 hitting clause-set Φ is unsatisfiable (as a CNF), then, by the above result, there must exist a variable occurring (negated or unnegated) in each clause of Φ.

Parallel database sorting

Sorting in database processing is frequently required through the use of Order By and Distinct clauses in SQL. Sorting is also widely known in computer science community at large. Sorting in general covers internal and external sorting. Past published work has extensively focused on external sorting on uni-processors (serial external sorting), and internal sorting on multi-processors (parallel internal sorting). External sorting on multi-processors (parallel external sorting) has received surprisingly little attention; furthermore, the way current parallel database systems do sorting is far from optimal in many scenarios. In this paper, we present a taxonomy for parallel sorting in parallel database systems, which covers five sorting methods: namely parallel merge-all sort, parallel binary-merge sort, parallel redistribution binary-merge sort, parallel redistribution merge-all sort, and parallel partitioned sort. The first two methods are previously proposed approaches to parallel external sorting which have been adopted as status quo of parallel database sorting, whereas the latter three methods which are based on redistribution and repartitioning are new that have not been discussed in the literature of parallel external sorting. Performance of these five methods is investigated and the results are reported.

Rest of the binding theory

This paper examines the distribution of English self-pronouns (himself, herself, etc.) in contrast with personal pronouns. We confirm that there are factors affecting the acceptability of self-pronouns at the syntactic, semantic, and discourse levels, and devise a Principle A with three distinct clauses to account for all of them. Each clause is crucially ordered with respect to the others, with syntax taking precedence over semantics, which in turn takes precedence over discourse constraints.

Tseitin's formulas revisited

G being a graph, we define its cyclomatic cohesion γ( G). Then, using Tseitin's method (1970), we construct a contradictory formula C( G) and prove our main theorem: Every resolution of C( G) contains, at least, 2 γ( G) distinct clauses. A similar result was obtained by Urquhart (1987) with a different method valid only for a specific family of graphs.

On the complexity of regular resolution and the Davis-Putnam procedure

For infinitely many n > 0 we construct contradictory formulas α n in conjunctive form with n literals such that every regular proof tree which proves the contradiction must contain 2 cn distinct clauses for some c > 0. This implies a 2 cn lower bound for the number of distinct clauses which are generated by the Davis-Putnam procedure applied to α n using any order of variable elimination.