Impact Of Disruption Research Articles

Text-to-Video Models and Sora in Plastic Surgery: Pearls, Pitfalls, and Prospectives.

After the groundbreaking release of the highly acclaimed chatbot ChatGPT, which revolutionized the field of artificial intelligence (AI) last year, OpenAI has once again astounded the world with the unveiling of their latest generative AI model, Sora, on February 16, 2024. This cutting-edge model has the remarkable ability to generate videos up to a duration of 60 seconds solely through text instructions. With a series of AI-generated contents, such as AI chat, AI drawing, and AI music, emerging one after another, the era of "AI revolution" that had a disruptive impact on modern life has arrived. Meanwhile, AI has made significant achievements in the medical field, especially in diagnosing based on medical imaging. This article briefly describes the development history of text-to-video models and provides a detailed introduction to the Sora model, including its portrayal of the human face and contour, inspiring its potential applications in plastic surgery. It also provides a prospect for other AI-generated content technologies, such as text-to-holography and text-to-material objects.Level of Evidence VThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

New Challenges in Bladder Cancer Diagnosis: How Biosensing Tools Can Lead to Population Screening Opportunities.

Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Despite its high incidence, cystoscopy remains the currently used diagnostic gold standard, although it is invasive, expensive and has low sensitivity. As a result, the cancer diagnosis is mostly late, as it occurs following the presence of hematuria in urine, and population screening is not allowed. It would therefore be desirable to be able to act promptly in the early stage of the disease with the aid of biosensing. The use of devices/tools based on genetic assessments would be of great help in this field. However, the genetic differences between populations do not allow accurate analysis in the context of population screening. Current research is directed towards the discovery of universal biomarkers present in urine with the aim of providing an approach based on a non-invasive, easy-to-perform, rapid, and accurate test that can be widely used in clinical practice for the early diagnosis and follow-up of bladder cancer. An efficient biosensing device may have a disruptive impact in terms of patient health and disease management, contributing to a decrease in mortality rate, as well as easing the social and economic burden on the national healthcare system. Considering the advantage of accessing population screening for early diagnosis of cancer, the main challenges and future perspectives are critically discussed to address the research towards the selection of suitable biomarkers for the development of a very sensitive biosensor for bladder cancer.

Impact of Pandemic-Induced Service Disruptions and Behavioral Changes on Hepatitis C Virus and HIV Transmission Amongst People Who Inject Drugs: A Modeling Study.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have disproportionally impacted vulnerable groups such as people who inject drugs (PWID) through reduced health care services as well as social changes from pandemic mitigation measures. Understanding how the COVID-19 pandemic and associated mitigation strategies subsequently changed the trajectory of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission is critical to estimating disease burdens, identifying outbreak risk, and developing informed intervention strategies. Using behavioral data from the AIDS Linked to the IntraVenous Experience (ALIVE) study, an ongoing community-based cohort of PWID in Baltimore, United States, and an individual-based network model, we explored the impacts of service disruptions combined with changes in social networks and injecting behaviors of PWID on HCV and HIV transmission. Analyses of ALIVE data showed that during the pandemic, there was an acceleration in injection cessation trajectories overall, but those who continued injecting increased the frequency of injection; at the same time, individual drug-use networks became smaller and the probability of injecting with others decreased. Simulation results demonstrated that HCV and HIV prevalence increased from service disruptions alone, but these effects were mitigated when including observed behavior changes in addition. Model results combined with rich individual behavioral data indicated that pandemic-induced behavioral changes of PWID that lasted longer than service disruptions could have offset the increasing disease burden caused by disrupted service access during the pandemic.

REV-ERBα Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Protects against Alveolar Bone Loss

Circadian rhythm disruption is thought to be associated with periodontitis, and molecular clock genes play critical roles in regulating bone homeostasis. However, the specific contribution of molecular clock genes to alveolar bone resorption caused by periodontitis is poorly understood. In this study, we introduced a novel Periodontitis Circadian Rhythm Score (PeriCRS) model that was established through machine learning using periodontal transcriptomic data from periodontitis clinical cohorts in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. This approach revealed the potential regulatory role of circadian rhythm disruption in periodontitis and identified key molecular clock genes associated with alveolar bone destruction. Moreover, we established an experimental periodontitis model with circadian rhythm disturbance via periodontal ligation in mice exposed to a 6-h advanced LD12:12 cycle every 2 d. Our bioinformatics analysis revealed that NR1D1, which encodes REV-ERBα, is a pivotal factor in the impact of circadian rhythm disruption on periodontitis in periodontal tissues. Next, we confirmed the abnormal expression of the molecular clock gene Rev-erbα in inflammatory periodontal tissue in mice and confirmed that circadian rhythm disruption altered REV-ERBα expression. Furthermore, the activation of REV-ERBα with the agonist SR9009 notably decreased RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and suppressed the expression of osteoclast-related factors. Subsequent in vivo experiments demonstrated that SR9009 mitigated alveolar bone loss caused by periodontitis. Mechanistically, we found that the IL-22-STAT3 pathway inhibited REV-ERBα expression and modulated RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in vitro. Our results elucidate the role of REV-ERBα in osteoclastogenesis and suggest a potential new therapeutic avenue for addressing alveolar bone resorption associated with periodontitis.

Disaster resilience of household-level food-energy-water nexus

This study examines the resilience and sustainability of household-level Food-Energy-Water (FEW) systems in the face of increasing natural disasters exacerbated by climate change. With the backdrop of escalating natural hazards and heightened vulnerabilities, this research explores innovative approaches to enhancing household resilience through the implementation of sustainable FEW systems such as rainwater harvesting, sand filtration, solar energy, geothermal energy, gas-powered and solar generators, hydroponic food production, and small greenhouses. Three primary scenarios, food disruption, energy scarcity, and water shortage are analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of various household-level FEW systems within a residential context. These systems are compared in terms of cost-effectiveness and performance, highlighting their capacity to supply essential needs during crises. The paper also introduces an integrated nexus approach, considering the interdependencies among food, energy, and water systems, and evaluates the compounded impact of simultaneous disruptions. This comprehensive analysis aims to provide actionable insights into the development of resilient infrastructures at a micro-scale, which can significantly mitigate the adverse effects of global environmental changes on local scales.

Energetic activity for depression in young people aged 13-17 years: the READY feasibility RCT.

Prevalence of depression is increasing in young people. Behaviour change interventions providing benefits equal to or greater than talking therapies or pharmacological alternatives are needed. Exercise could be beneficial for young people with depression, but we lack robust trials of its effectiveness. To test whether an exercise intervention targeting young people with depression is feasible, including recruitment and retention of young people, recruitment and training of exercise professionals and intervention delivery. Three-arm cluster feasibility randomised controlled trial with embedded process evaluation and health economic data collection. Local community venues in Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire and Norfolk. Young people aged 13-17 years experiencing mild to moderate low mood or depression (indicated by scoring 17-36 on the Child Depression Inventory version 2) identified by mental health services, schools or self-referral. Participants were randomised to one of three groups: high-intensity exercise, low-intensity exercise or a social activity control. Group sessions ran twice-weekly for 12 weeks delivered by registered exercise professionals, supported by mental health support workers. Referral, recruitment and retention rates; attendance at group sessions; adherence to and ability to reach intensity during exercise sessions; proportions of missing data, and adverse events measured at baseline and at 3 and 6 months; resource use; and reach and representativeness. Of 321 referrals to the study, 173 were assessed for eligibility, and of the target sample size of 81, 15 were recruited and 14 were randomised (one withdrew). The retention rate was 71.4% and attendance at intervention sessions was > 67%; data completeness was > 80% for baseline assessments. Follow-up completion rate at 14 weeks was > 80% for most outcomes, with 50% for accelerometer data in the low-intensity group. Trial processes and the intervention were acceptable to young people. Barriers to and facilitators of intervention delivery were identified. Findings highlighted challenges around recruitment, delivery of exercise interventions and informed ways of addressing barriers to recruitment for future studies. The study was conducted between October 2020 and August 2022 and consequently the COVID-19 pandemic had a disruptive impact on implementation. A large randomised trial of the effectiveness of the intervention is not feasible using the current study design, but issues relating to recruitment could be addressed with further work. Developing appropriate recruitment strategies via triage services, general practitioner practices, schools and social media and early engagement with the local Clinical Research Network to support recruitment to the study would address the significant shortfalls identified. Young people who are deemed unsuitable for mental health services should be followed up to be offered participation in such interventions. Collaborations between the NHS services and sports delivery partners should consider in-person contact with young people rather than remote consultations. Recruiting through general practitioner practices is effective and relatively inexpensive. The role of community engagement (socialmedia, public health agencies, community groups) needs to be further explored. Strong public and patient involvement and engagement via young people advisory groups is important to ensure that research is relevant to young people. This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme as award number 17/78/10.

Building resilience in LNG marine terminal operations: a comprehensive socio-technical risk analysis utilizing the resilience assessment grid (RAG) method

Abstract In the face of rising global energy demand, LNG terminals play an essential role in the energy supply chain. However, the complexity of terminal operations, combined with the risk of catastrophic events, necessitates a robust resilience framework. This paper presents a comprehensive socio-technical resilience analysis that uses the Resilience Assessment Grid (RAG) methodology to measure resilience in LNG terminal operations. We examine the complex interplay of human elements, organizational culture, and technological systems in the terminal environment. Our approach uses the RAG methodology to identify vulnerabilities, assess the potential impact of disruptions, and assess the effectiveness of current safety and risk management practices. The results of this study show that the implementation of the safety concept at the LNG Marine Terminal is quite optimal, as indicated by the compliance figures for each resilience aspect, which exceed three as a benchmark. The highest score in the entire system is found in the ability to respond aspect, namely 4.38, which shows that the organization, in implementing this concept, still focuses on preventing and controlling accidents. This condition differs from the ability to monitor aspect, which has the lowest value, 3.97. However, this item cannot be called an inhibiting factor because its value exceeds the expected standard. In response, there is still room for improvement from existing achievements in the future.

Two service evaluations of LEAPlets – An early years programme for children in foster care and adoption, based on the BUSS® (Building Underdeveloped Sensorimotor Systems) Model

BUSS® is a relationally based intervention, bringing an appreciation of the role nurture, touch and movement play in the development of bodily regulation in early childhood. Following a neurosequential understanding of development ( Perry and Hambrick, 2008 ), BUSS® works to support foster carers and adoptive parents in understanding both the disruptive impact of trauma on the development of their child’s foundation sensorimotor systems and the critical role they can play in ameliorating this disruption. Good bodily regulation offers children a platform upon which relationships, emotional regulation and learning can grow ( Lloyd, 2023 ). LEAPlets is a group for children and their parents and carers, based on the BUSS® Model. It aims to build attachment relationships, supporting parents and carers in understanding and rebuilding their child’s foundation sensorimotor systems. This paper brings together two service evaluation projects of LEAPlets carried out by clinical psychologists in training. The first evaluation is of LEAPlets as a school readiness programme for children in foster care in Leeds. The second evaluation is the LEAPlets group in One Adoption West Yorkshire (OAWY) for new adoptive parents and their newly adopted children. While more research is needed, both studies showed improvements for the children in bodily and emotional regulation, communication and relationships, as well as positive changes in skill development, understanding of their child, and relationships for foster carers and adoptive parents. Models like LEAPlets, which address both the relational and sensorimotor consequences of early trauma, may usefully form part of early intervention programmes for care-experienced children. Training to run LEAPlets groups has been developed, and groups are now running in England, Wales and the Republic of Ireland. This will be explored and discussed, with reference to school readiness, impact on foster carers and supporting adoptive families early in their life together.

The collaborative economy and its disruptive impact on traditional markets

The sharing economy has emerged as a disruptive force, transforming how goods and services are accessed and utilized. This paper comprehensively analyzes the benefits, challenges, and impacts of the sharing economy on traditional markets. Through a systematic literature review, the study examines this collaborative model's economic, social, and environmental implications. Key findings highlight the increased efficiency and sustainability of resource utilization but also reveal challenges such as regulatory complexities and disruptions in conventional business models. The study underscores the need for holistic frameworks to protect stakeholders and ensure the sustainable growth of sharing economy platforms. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of continuous research to address emerging trends and challenges in this dynamic landscape.

Pesantren Education Management: The Transformation of Religious Learning Culture in the Age of Disruption

In recent decades, technological disruption has brought significant changes to various aspects of life, including education. Amidst this development, Pesantren-based education, a traditional education model, faces significant challenges in maintaining its identity, especially in maintaining religious culture-based learning. This study focuses on the complex dynamics between Pesantren traditions and religious values and the impact of technological disruption in education management at various levels, such as Raudhatul Athfal, Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, Tsanawiyah, and Aliyah. As part of the approach to Pesantren-based education management, the aim is to uncover the transformation of religious culture learning in the era of disruption, which will then serve as the basis for creating a relevant and adaptive education model. The research method used is qualitative, with in-depth case studies conducted in several Pesantrens. This design is selected based on the phenomenon's complexity involving a combination of traditional and modern aspects in the transformation of religious learning. Data collection techniques involve participatory observation, in-depth interviews with Pesantren leaders, teachers, and students, and document analysis of Pesantren policies and curricula. The study results indicate the importance of developing an Islamic education model responsive to technological advances while maintaining the traditional values of Pesantrens. Integrating modern management, technology, and religious values produces relevant and adaptive education in technological disruption. This study provides an essential contribution to creating an inclusive, dynamic Islamic education that maintains the essence of religious values amidst the development of the times.

Reliability Analysis of 20 kV Electricity Distribution System on CWRU Feeder

The electricity demand continues to rise alongside population growth, making the reliable distribution of electrical energy to consumers essential. The reliability of the 20 kV electricity distribution system on the CWRU feeder at the National Electricity Company (Perusahaan Listrik Negara, PT PLN) Customer Service Unit (Unit Layanan Pelanggan, ULP) Pelabuhan Ratu Area Surade was evaluated. The primary purpose was to analyze key reliability indices such as system average interruption frequency index (SAIFI), system average interruption duration index (SAIDI), customer average interruption duration index (CAIDI), average service availability index (ASAI), and average service unavailability index (ASUI), and to assess the economic impact of disruptions on consumers. Methodologies involved collecting and analyzing field data from PT PLN (Persero) ULP Pelabuhan Ratu’s CWRU feeder, utilizing quantitative reliability calculations and qualitative observations to identify internal and external factors affecting system reliability. The results showed that the SAIFI value reached 52.077 times/customer/year, and the SAIDI value was 99.400 hours/customer/year, classifying the system as unreliable based on PLN standards (standar PLN, SPLN) 68-2:1986. However, the CAIDI value of 1.813 hours/times/year indicated that the system response time was within acceptable limits. The availability of electricity, with an ASAI of 99.828% and an ASUI of 0.172%, was deemed satisfactory. Internal factors contributed to 10.47% disturbances. In contrast, external factors (weather and tree fall) accounted for 48.84%, and the remaining 40.69% were from unknown causes. Economic losses were calculated at Rp52,432.50/customer because these interruptions. More frequent maintenance and the implementation of additional protective measures are recommended to enhance reliability.

Impact of Supply Chain Disruptions and Inflation on the Construction Industry in the Arab States of the Gulf Cooperation Council

During the years of 2022-2023, the world economy encountered the significant challenge of supply chain disruptions due to COVID 19, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and government subsidies during 2020 and 2021. In addition, COVID 19 disturbed the balance of the labor market; many workers retired, changed professions, moved, etc. creating a shortage of workforce. The supply chain disturbance and labor shortage lead to inflation rates that have not been seen for 40 years. The construction industry is a significant part of the any country’s economy including the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries which is composed of: United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Sultanate of Oman, Qatar, and Kuwait. It is hypothesized that the GCC States are immune to such supply chain and inflation drivers due to the oversupply of imported work force and the economic prosperity that these countries enjoy. Is the construction sector, which is one of the leading economic sectors in the GCC region also immune as well? This paper attempts to examine this hypothesis through a survey designed to capture the opinions of construction professional operating in these states. This survey attempts to • Examine the impact of supply chain disturbance, labor shortage, and inflation on the construction industry in the GCC countries. • Figure out how the construction industry reacted to and dealt with these challenges. The findings of this research would give us a snapshot of the state of the construction industry and help the industry deal with the above-cited challenges. Keywords: Inflation, supply chain, construction industry, and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)

Resilience as a Concept for Convergence Across Health, Systems, and Well-Being: An AI-Augmented Mapping of 50 Years of Resilience Research

Resilience has become a focal point of academic research investigating the impact of adverse disruption to the well-being of people, systems, the built environment, ecosystems, and climate. However, the proliferation of this work has not been accompanied by increasing clarity about the core meaning of resilience as a singular construct, threatening its relevance and complicating its use in practice. To improve the application of resilience in cross-disciplinary and convergence approaches to sustainability and well-being research, this work synthesized resilience conceptualizations across disciplines with novel artificial intelligence (AI)-augmented approaches. Using open-source applications for text mining and machine-learning-based natural language processing algorithms for the examination of text-as-data, this work mapped the content of 50 years of academic resilience work (24,732 abstracts). Presented as thematic and statistical textual associations in a series of network maps and tables, the findings highlight how specific measurements, components, and terminologies of resilience relate to one another within and across disciplines, emphasizing what concepts can be used to bridge disciplinary boundaries. From this, a converged conceptualization is derived to answer theoretical questions about the nature of resilience and define it as a dynamic process of control through the stages of disruption and progression to an improved state thereafter. This conceptualization supports a cross-disciplinary meaning of resilience that can enhance its shared understanding among a variety of stakeholders, and ultimately, the rigor and uniformity of its application in addressing sustainability and well-being challenges across multiple domains.

Jamming of optical network operation in physical layer

The paper presents the existing possibilities of disrupting the operation of optical/optoelectronic telecommunication networks in a physical layer, distinguishing between passive and active attacks. The latter relay on jamming the operation of the optical network, ranging from the deterioration of the quality of service to the complete prevention of transmission. Passive attacks, on the other hand, are aimed at eavesdropping on transmissions. The paper discusses the various types of attacks, which are specific to the physical layer of optical networks, as well as capabilities of detection and prevention them based on the machine learning approach among others. Finally, a realistic scenario of an active attack by using of a clip-on coupler has been examined in the context of a local area optical network. The results confirm a very disruptive impact on the transmission quality if the power of the jamming signal is comparable with the power of useful signal.

Impacts of circadian disruptions on behavioral rhythms in mice.

Circadian rhythms are fundamental biological processes that recur approximately every 24 h, with the sleep-wake cycle or circadian behavior being a well-known example. In the field of chronobiology, mice serve as valuable model animals for studying mammalian circadian rhythms due to their genetic similarity to humans and the availability of various genetic tools for manipulation. Monitoring locomotor activity in mice provides valuable insights into the impact of various conditions or disturbances on circadian behavior. In this review, we summarized the effects of disturbance of biological rhythms on circadian behavior in mice. External factors, especially light exert a significant impact on circadian behavior. Additionally, feeding timing, food composition, ambient temperature, and physical exercise contribute to variations in the behavior of the mouse. Internal factors, including gender, age, genetic background, and clock gene mutation or deletion, are effective as well. Understanding the effects of circadian disturbances on murine behavior is essential for gaining insights into the underlying mechanisms of circadian regulation and developing potential therapeutic interventions for circadian-related disorders in humans.

The Impact of Global Logistics Disruptions on Cross-border E-Commerce Performance: Evidence from Nigeria

The Impact of Global Logistics Disruptions on Cross-border E-Commerce Performance: Evidence from Nigeria

Federated In-Network Machine Learning for Privacy-Preserving IoT Traffic Analysis

The expanding use of Internet-of-Things (IoT) has driven machine learning (ML)-based traffic analysis. 5G networks’ standards, requiring low-latency communications for time-critical services, pose new challenges to traffic analysis. They necessitate fast analysis and response, preventing service disruption or security impact on network infrastructure. Distributed intelligence on IoT edge has been studied to analyze traffic, but introduces delays and raises privacy concerns. Federated learning can address privacy concerns, but does not meet latency requirements. In this article, we propose FLIP4: an efficient federated learning-based framework for in-network traffic analysis. Our solution introduces a lightweight federated tree-based model, offloaded and running within network devices. FLIP4 consumes less resources than previous solutions and reduces communication overheads, making it well-suited for IoT edge traffic analysis. It ensures prompt mitigation and minimal impact on services in the presence of false alerts using two approaches (metering and dropping), thereby balancing learning accuracy and privacy requirements.

Gendering democracy: feminist parliamentary responses to opposition against gender equality

ABSTRACT Gendering democracy in parliaments faces a wave of active opposition against gender equality by far-right parties and anti-gender movements in Europe. In this adverse context, advancing gender equality policies relies on discourses and practices that address this opposition. What are the feminist parliamentary strategies to respond to anti-gender far-right opposition? This article studies feminist responses articulated in the Catalan parliament, the most gender-sensitive regional parliament is Spain, from the entry in 2021 of the far-right party Vox through interviews with members of Catalonia’s parliament and analysis of parliamentary debates. Whilst parliamentary groups and individuals respond through coalition-building, rule-making, knowledge production, and everyday pragmatic engagement with the far right, the Parliament as an institution appears less responsive. We identify new categories of responses, such as institutionalization of gender equality and protection and support. The gender-sensitive Catalan parliament shows how the disruptive impact of far-right anti-gender opposition on parliamentary democracy and equality goes beyond its small representation, by triggering polarization that jeopardizes parliamentary debates on gender equality and pushes them outside the parliament. Yet, the strength of the institutionalization of gender equality and alliances and the role of feminist civil society and critical actors equip the parliament to counter anti-gender opposition.

Gene-edited animal models in human diseases: A powerful tool

Abstract. With the rapid development of gene editing technology, gene editing and the use of animal models have become an integral part of biomedical research. Gene editing has had a disruptive impact in the life sciences, having evolved from the first generation of ZFN, the second generation of TALEN to the current CRISPR. The advent of gene editing technology has greatly increased the possibility of treating hereditary diseases and cancers. Animal models make a key contribution to research into disease research as they provide scientists with a valuable platform for the in-depth understanding and treatment of human diseases. Through animal models, scientists can simulate human diseases and study the pathogenesis, pathological processes and potential treatments of human diseases, thus securing the unique platform provided. This article systematically reviews the application of gene-edited animal models in the study of neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and metabolic diseases, and discuss their important role in advancing disease research.

Economic Performance: Impact of Implementing Environment Cost and Disclosure Carbon Emissions Fiqh Al Bi'ah (Environment) Analysis Approach

The development of environmental issues is of concern to the public in encouraging companies' awareness to carry out environmental management in their business activities, where companies can plan environmental cost budgets and make disclosures of the impact of carbon emissions produced in order to achieve their goal, namely the sustainability of the Company, namely the Company's economic performance will increase. This research aims to see the impact of environmental costs and carbon emission disruption on economic performance and is analyzed using environmental fiqh (bi'ah). This research is quantitative research. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from the Company's official website. The population in this study are manufacturing companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index for 2019-2021. The research sample consisted of 8 companies from the 2019-2021 period, totaling 32 samples. The sampling technique used in this research was purposive sampling. The data analysis used is panel data regression analysis using the SEM PLS data modeling program. The results of the research show that environmental cost and carbon emission disclosure variables have a significant negative influence on economic performance and the results of environmental fiqh (al bi'ah) analysis are in accordance with the verses of the Koran which discuss environmental damage which is something that is absolutely not justified because it will bring negative impact on the sustainability of living creatures or organizations and companies. These limitations suggest that future research could expand the sample size, consider a wider range of sustainability practices, and explore the relevance of environmental performance in different cultural and industry contexts.