Disruption Of Communication Research Articles

Connexin Expression Is Altered in Liver Development of Yotari (dab1 -/-) Mice.

Disabled-1 (Dab1) protein is an intracellular adaptor of reelin signaling required for prenatal neuronal migration, as well as postnatal neurotransmission, memory formation and synaptic plasticity. Yotari, an autosomal recessive mutant of the mouse Dab1 gene is recognizable by its premature death, unstable gait and tremor. Previous findings are mostly based on neuronal abnormalities caused by Dab1 deficiency, but the role of the reelin signaling pathway in nonneuronal tissues and organs has not been studied until recently. Hepatocytes, the most abundant cells in the liver, communicate via gap junctions (GJ) are composed of connexins. Cell communication disruption in yotari mice was examined by analyzing the expression of connexins (Cxs): Cx26, Cx32, Cx37, Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45 during liver development at 13.5 and 15.5 gestation days (E13.5 and E15.5). Analyses were performed using immunohistochemistry and fluorescent microscopy, followed by quantification of area percentage covered by positive signal. Data are expressed as a mean ± SD and analyzed by one-way ANOVA. All Cxs examined displayed a significant decrease in yotari compared to wild type (wt) individuals at E13.5. Looking at E15.5 we have similar results with exception of Cx37 showing negligible expression in wt. Channels formation triggered by pathological stimuli, as well as propensity to apoptosis, was studied by measuring the expression of Pannexin1 (Panx1) and Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) through developmental stages mentioned above. An increase in Panx1 expression of E15.5 yotari mice, as well as a strong jump of AIF in both phases suggesting that yotari mice are more prone to apoptosis. Our results emphasize the importance of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) during liver development and their possible involvement in liver pathology and diagnostics where they can serve as potential biomarkers and drug targets.

Disrupted affective communication characterizes mothers of infants with disorganized but also ambivalent attachments: An Israeli study.

This study examined whether maternal disrupted communication, which is associated with disorganized infant attachment, also characterizes mothers of ambivalent infants. The study, conducted in Israel, included a Jewish sample (N=163; 68 Girls) from diverse socioeconomic status, collected between 1991 and 1993 in an earlier study. The sample over-represented ambivalent and disorganized attachments. Attachment was assessed in the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) at 12months and disrupted communication was coded from the SSP using the Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification (AMBIANCE; Lyons-Ruth et al., 1999). Mothers of ambivalent infants showed higher disrupted communication than mothers of secure, avoidant, and disorganized infants. The findings shed further light on the correlates of ambivalent attachment and call for research regarding maternal and infant characteristics that differentiate ambivalent versus disorganized attachment.

Numerical Considerations in the Simulation of Equatorial Spread F

AbstractThe ionospheric irregularities known as equatorial spread F (ESF) have drawn great attention in decades due to their disruption of communications and navigation systems. ESF is generally attributed to Rayleigh–Taylor instability, but there are still many remaining issues about its formation and evolution. Numerical simulations have been widely used to study such a phenomenon due to the complex nonlinear evolution of ESF. A two‐dimensional ESF model was developed in this work and a series of experiments were conducted to study the effects of grid resolution and numerical diffusion on idealized ESF simulation. It was found that advection schemes with the total variation diminishing property are preferred for preventing spurious oscillations which occur near the steep density gradients in the ESF. On the other hand, schemes with low diffusion are also desirable in order to model complicated dynamic structures of the ESF. Moreover, numerical experiments suggest that some of the secondary instabilities in idealized ESF simulations, although with morphological similarities, are possibly initiated by numerical seeding, which may differ from the observed evolution of secondary ESF.

Content Moderation of Speech in Political Discussions

AbstractSocial media platforms have been hailed as “politically disruptive communication technologies” (Hong & Nadler, 2012). Individuals express opinions and engage with politicians, the press, and each other on social media, sometimes using offensive language (Rossini et al., 2020). Content moderation has been adopted by many social media platforms to screen and evaluate offensive speech. In the present study we trained offensive speech classifiers to analyze offensive speech examples by integrating three archival datasets. We then used the trained classifier to examine a large body of comments about YouTube videos posted during the 2018 midterm election cycle. This provided information on the prevalence of various kinds of offensive comments and the pattern of content moderation used by YouTube. We also examined comment negativity using offensive speech lexicons. Our results showed systematic variance in the prevalence of offensive speech topics depending upon the political orientation of the content. Language use was significantly different between left and right‐leaning videos for comments related to sexism.

Study of the possibility of using pheromones to control the number of polyphagous soybean (Glycine max) pests

The soybean is an economically important crop for Krasnodar krai. The biological control of polyphagous soybean pests is necessary for organic farming. The aim of our study was to study the possibility of using a synthetic analogs of sex pheromones to control the number of polyphagous soybean pests (Glycine max). The present investigation consisted in the fact that as a primary means of regulation of the number of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae), such as Agriotes gurgistanus Heyden, A. tauricus (Faldermann) and A. sputator (L.) and the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), methods of mass capture of males (elimination) and disruption of chemical communication (disorientation) were used on soybeans.. The studies were carried out in the soybean plot with an area of 8 hectares (GPS: 45.03° N 38.52° E; FSBSI FRCBZR, Krasnodar), and in the experimental plot “Zolotaya Niva” with an area of 10 hectares (GPS: 45.13°N 39.35°E Voronezhskaya village, Krasnodar Krai). Preparative forms of pheromones were made on specially designed technological equipment at FSCBPP. Glue traps for monitoring and mass catching of cotton bollworms (type “Attracon”) were also manufactured using FSCBPP technological equipment. Estrontype pheromone traps were purchased from the manufacturer. To determine the dynamics of flight and the number of pests, pheromone traps were placed on experimental plots at the rate of one trap per 1–3 hectares. In experiments on mass trapping of insects (elimination), traps were placed in the amount of 5–10 traps per hectare. The effectiveness of the method was determined by the fertilization of females in control and experiment. Females click beetles were captured using the lure method and LED traps.It was found that the effectiveness of the method of elimination of male click beetles (Agriotes gurgistanus, A. tauricus and A. sputator) was 89–95%, and the level of impaired chemical communication (disorientation) reached 91–99%. The disorientation effect for the cotton moth H. armigera was 92%, with the damage to plants and soybeans not exceeding 2.0%. The effectiveness of this method was 88.6–94.5%, during disorientation of three representatives of Elateridae family and cotton moth H. armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) it was found that the effectiveness of this method was 91.0–99.6% for Elateridae, and 92.0% for H. armigera. This work has presented a novel approach to the possibility of using pheromones as not only the main means of monitoring phytophages, but also a method for controlling polyphagous pests of soybeans, which is important in the development of protection for organic farming systems.

Human factors affecting intraoperative patient safety.

This review addresses the importance of some of the human factors for intraoperative patient safety with particular focus on the active failures. These are the mishaps or sentinel events related to decisons taken and actions performed by the individual at the delivery end of a system. Such sentinel events may greatly affect intraoperative patient safety. Intimidating, aggressive and disruptive communication is a cause of adverse staff interaction, which may then represent an important patient safety threat. Also, anaesthesiologist's physical and mental state and limitations may interfere with patient safety. The concept of physician well being is multidimensional and includes factors related to each physician as an individual as well as to the working environment. Creating optimal safe conditions for patients, therefore, requires actions at both the personal level and the working conditions. Also, initiatives to ban rude and dismissive communication should be implemented in order to further improve intraoperative patient safety.

Methamphetamine Dysregulation of the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Immunity.

Methamphetamine (METH) is a potent psychostimulant that increases extracellular monoamines, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, and affects multiple tissue and cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral immune cells. The reinforcing properties of METH underlie its significant abuse potential and dysregulation of peripheral immunity and central nervous system functions. Together, the constellation of METH's effects on cellular targets and regulatory processes has led to immune suppression and neurodegeneration in METH addicts and animal models of METH exposure. Here we extensively review many of the cell types and mechanisms of METH-induced dysregulation of the central nervous and peripheral immune systems. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Emerging research has begun to show that methamphetamine regulates dopaminergic neuronal activity. In addition, METH affects non-neuronal brain cells, such as microglia and astrocytes, and immunological cells of the periphery. Concurrent disruption of bidirectional communication between dopaminergic neurons and glia in the CNS and peripheral immune cell dysregulation gives rise to a constellation of dysfunctional neuronal, cell, and tissue types. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiology of METH requires consideration of the multiple targets at the interface between basic and clinical neuroscience.

Disruptive Communication as a Means to Engage Children in Solving Environmental Challenges: A Case Study on Plastic Pollution.

Environmental degradation and how we care for our planet are some of the greatest challenges the world is up against at this moment. These challenges has received increased focus in both, research and the public sphere. So far, most of this attention revolved around adult’s attitudes and behavior. However, environmental engagement amongst the younger generation gains in popularity. Using plastic pollution as a case, this qualitative study aims to acquire insights into the mental models of children. We collected qualitative data during an innovative, structured workshop according to the “Nature In Your Face” (NIYF) framework. The approach challenges the assumption that the societal change can be achieved gradually, with non-invasive techniques. Instead, we explore the potential of disruption to push citizens out of their comfort zone, thereby making room for co-creation. The disruption was performed by confronting 36 fifth graders from a Norwegian primary school, with disturbing images of plastic contaminating their local shorelines. The data was obtained by using the workshop framework, combined with semi-structured group interviews. The interview data was analyzed by means of thematic analysis. We found that the disruptions triggered emotional reactions like anger and fear. With these emotions as a driving force, the first workshop step was introduced, the Framing of the problem. The next step, Twisting the problem, was reflected in the children developing their own, creative solutions and creatively engaged with them in groups. The last step, Using, was only touched upon in the workshop and is therefore beyond the scope of this paper. Our results indicate that there are three prominent themes reflecting how children discuss plastic pollution. The children talked about their (1) Emotions related to plastic pollution, (2) Attitudes related to plastic, and (3) Perceptions of plastic pollution. These themes were further subdivided into different types of emotions, characteristics of plastic as a material as well as perceptions on different locations of unnecessary plastic. Psychologically, the mechanisms underlying the identified themes were linked to eco-anxiety, denial, self-efficacy, and cognitive dissonance. We conclude that disruptive eco-visualization can create an emotional response amongst children, which can be transformed into co-creation of ideas.

The Hazard Consequence Prediction System: A Participatory Action Research Approach to Enhance Emergency Management.

Emergency managers (EMs) need nuanced data that contextualize the local-scale risks and impacts posed by major storm events (e.g. hurricanes and nor'easters). Traditional tools available to EMs, such as weather forecasts or storm surge predictions, do not provide actionable data regarding specific local concerns, such as access by emergency vehicles and potential communication disruptions. However, new storm models now have sufficient resolution to make informed emergency management at the local scale. This paper presents a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach to capture critical infrastructure managers concerns about hurricanes and nor'easters in Providence, Rhode Island (USA). Using these data collection approach, concerns can be integrated into numerical storm models and used in emergency management to flag potential consequences in real time during the advance of a storm. This paper presents the methodology and results from a pilot project conducted for emergency managers and highlights implications for practice and future academic research.

Mitigating Broadcasting Storm Using Multihead Nomination Clustering in Vehicular Content Centric Networks

Vehicles are highly mobile nodes; therefore, they frequently change their topology. To maintain a stable connection with the server in high-speed vehicular networks, the handover process is restarted again to satisfy the content requests. To satisfy the requested content, a vehicular-content-centric network (VCCN) is proposed. The proposed scheme adopts in-network caching instead of destination-based routing to satisfy the requests. In this regard, various routing protocols have been proposed to increase the communication efficiency of VCCN. Despite disruptive communication links due to head vehicle mobility, the vehicles create a broadcasting storm that increases communication delay and packet drop fraction. To address the issues mentioned above in the VCCN, we proposed a multihead nomination clustering scheme. It extends the hello packet header to get the vehicle information from the cluster vehicles. The novel cluster information table (CIT) has been proposed to maintain several nominated head vehicles of a cluster on roadside units (RSUs). In disruptive communication links due to the head vehicle’s mobility, the RSU nominates the new head vehicle using CIT entries, resulting in the elimination of the broadcasting storm effect on disruptive communication links. Finally, the proposed scheme increases the successful communication rate, decreases the communication delay, and ensures a high cache success ratio on an increasing number of vehicles.

Changes in Brain Functional and Effective Connectivity After Treatment for Breast Cancer and Implications for Intervention Targets.

Background: Patients with breast cancer frequently report cognitive impairment both during and after completion of therapy. Evidence suggests that cancer-related cognitive impairments are related to widespread neural network dysfunction. The default mode network (DMN) is a large conserved network that plays a critical role in integrating the functions of various neural systems. Disruption of the network may play a key role in the development of cognitive impairment. Methods: We compared neuroimaging and neurocognitive data from 43 newly diagnosed primary breast cancer patients (mean age = 48, standard deviation [SD] = 8.9 years) and 50 frequency-matched healthy female controls (mean age = 50, SD = 10 years) before treatment and 1 year after treatment completion. Functional and effective connectivity measures of the DMN were obtained using graph theory and Bayesian network analysis methods, respectively. Results: Compared with healthy females, the breast cancer group displayed higher global efficiency and path length post-treatment (p < 0.03, corrected). Breast cancer survivors showed significantly lower performance on measures of verbal memory, attention, and verbal fluency (p < 0.05) at both time points. Within the DMN, local brain network organization, as measured by edge-betweenness centralities, was significantly altered in the breast cancer group compared with controls at both time points (p < 0.0001, corrected), with several connections showing a significant group-by-time effect (p < 0.003, corrected). Effective connectivity demonstrated significantly altered patterns of neuronal coupling in patients with breast cancer (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were seen between hormone blockade therapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy cycles, memory, and verbal fluency test and edge-betweenness centralities. Discussion: This pattern of altered network organization in the default mode is believed to result in reduced network efficiency and disrupted communication. Subregions of the DMN, the orbital prefrontal cortex and posterior memory network, appear to be at the center of this disruption and this could inform future interventions. Impact statement This prospective study is the first to investigate how post-treatment changes in functional and effective connectivity in the regions of default mode network are related to cancer therapy and measures of memory and verbal learning in breast cancer patients. We demonstrate that the interactions between treatment, brain connectivity, and neurocognitive outcomes coalesce around a subgroup of brain structures in the orbital frontal and parietal lobe. This would suggest that interventions that target these regions may improve neurocognitive outcomes in breast cancer survivors.

Plant-insect communication in urban forests: Similarities of plant volatile compositions among tree species (host vs. non-host trees) for alder leaf beetle Agelastica coerulea

Behavior of insects, such as pollination and grazing, is usually determined by biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). However, particularly in O3-polluted urban forests, the BVOCs-based plant-insect communication can be disrupted by the reaction of O3 with leaf-emitted BVOCs, such as between Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica) and a leaf beetle (Agelastica coerulea). To understand plant-insect communication in O3-polluted environments, it is necessary to identify chemical species of BVOCs that contribute to attractiveness toward insects but are diminished by elevated O3. In this study, we conducted olfactory response tests and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses to clarify whether there is a similarity of BVOC components among Betulaceae host trees that can explain the attraction of the stenophagous insect A. coerulea. The olfactory response tests indicated that Betulaceae host trees attract A. coerulea via leaf-emitted BVOCs, while there was no preference of the leaf beetles to non-host trees (Sorbus commixta and Morus bombycis). However, GC-MS analyses indicated that the composition of BVOC blends considerably differed among Betulaceae host trees, although alders (Alnus hirsuta and A. japonica) had a similar composition of BVOC blend in each season (June and September) during which the adult leaf beetle is active. A distinct characteristic of the emission from B. platyphylla was that 2-carene and limonene, which are O3-reactive species, were emitted with a high monoterpene ratio irrespective of the season. Thus, these volatiles and the blend could be expected to lead the disrupted communication found between B. platyphylla and A. coerulea under elevated O3 in previous field studies. In addition, our results indicated that A. coerulea is attracted to more than one blend within Betulaceae host trees, suggesting that grazing damages can be affected by different host preferences and O3 reactivity with specific BVOCs in the field. BVOCs-based plant-insect interactions should be further studied in multi-species communities to better understand plant-insect communication in O3-polluted environments.

ФЕНОМЕН НАРУШЕННОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ В РОМАНЕ ТЕОДОРА ФОНТАНЕ «ЭФФИ БРИСТ» И В ЕГО ЭКРАНИЗАЦИИ РАЙНЕРОМ ВЕРНЕРОМ ФАСБИНДЕРОМ: РЕЧЬ И ЖЕСТ

The subject of this article’s comparative intermedial analysis is the phenomenon of disrupted communication in the novel by the German writer Theodor Fontane “Effi Briest” (1895) and in the film adaptation of this work by Rainer Werner Fassbinder “Fontane Effi Briest” (1974). The article consists of five parts: 1) introduction; 2) analysis of dialogues in Fontane’s novel; 3) description of the means of creating the effect of disrupted communication in Fassbinder’s film; 4) comparative analysis of some fragments of two works by the method of close reading; 5) conclusions. Methodologically, the research is based on the achievements of the theory of communication, carpalistics, comparative and intermedial approaches to the study of film adaptations. The main point of the article is that the effect of disrupted communication, which is observed in numerous dialogues of Fontane’s novel, is also created by visual means in Fassbinder’s film, among which a significant place is occupied by a gesture. The gesture of turning away deserves special attention: the characters of the film turn away from each other, turn their backs to the interlocutor and the viewer, turn to their reflection. The unconventionality and intensity of such gestures accentuate the problematic nature of communication between the characters. This structure, peripheral in Fontane’s work, becomes central in the film of Fassbinder, grasping the viewers’ attention. In this regard, the article adds to a traditional discussion about the hierarchical relationship between a literary text and its film adaptation.

The Evolution of the Hallmarks of Aging.

The evolutionary theory of aging has set the foundations for a comprehensive understanding of aging. The biology of aging has listed and described the “hallmarks of aging,” i.e., cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in human aging. The present paper is the first to infer the order of appearance of the hallmarks of bilaterian and thereby human aging throughout evolution from their presence in progressively narrower clades. Its first result is that all organisms, even non-senescent, have to deal with at least one mechanism of aging – the progressive accumulation of misfolded or unstable proteins. Due to their cumulation, these mechanisms are called “layers of aging.” A difference should be made between the first four layers of unicellular aging, present in some unicellular organisms and in all multicellular opisthokonts, that stem and strike “from the inside” of individual cells and span from increasingly abnormal protein folding to deregulated nutrient sensing, and the last four layers of metacellular aging, progressively appearing in metazoans, that strike the cells of a multicellular organism “from the outside,” i.e., because of other cells, and span from transcriptional alterations to the disruption of intercellular communication. The evolution of metazoans and eumetazoans probably solved the problem of aging along with the problem of unicellular aging. However, metacellular aging originates in the mechanisms by which the effects of unicellular aging are kept under control – e.g., the exhaustion of stem cells that contribute to replace damaged somatic cells. In bilaterians, additional functions have taken a toll on generally useless potentially limited lifespan to increase the fitness of organisms at the price of a progressively less efficient containment of the damage of unicellular aging. In the end, this picture suggests that geroscience should be more efficient in targeting conditions of metacellular aging rather than unicellular aging itself.

Impact of climate change on human health: evidence from riverine island dwellers of Bangladesh

ABSTRACT This study aims to explore the impact of climate change on health, including local adaptation strategies. A mixed-method approach has been used in this study. The results reveal that increasing the frequency of flooding, severity of riverbank erosion and drought, and rising disease outbreak are the highest indicators of climate change perceived by riverine island (char) dwellers, which is similar to the observed data. It also uncovers, approximately all respondents encounter several health-related issues during different seasons where prevailing cold and cough with fever, skin diseases, and diarrhoea are the leading ailments. Several adaptation strategies are accommodated by char inhabitants in order to enhance resilience against the climate change health impacts, but the paucity of money, disrupted communication, lack of formal health-care centre are the most obstacles to the sustainability of adaptation. This research recommends that healthcare-associated project should be performed through proper monitoring for exterminating char dwellers’ health issues.

Book Review: The Era of Disinformation: Disruptive Politics, Technology, and Communication in the United States

Book Review: The Era of Disinformation: Disruptive Politics, Technology, and Communication in the United States

Implementation of Laws Number 8 of 2016 Concerning Disabilities Persons in Bandar Lampung City in 2022

Philosophical and constitutional based on Pancasila and UUD 1945, each citizen had equal work opportunities, access public facilities, acquire a decent life, including those with disabilities. Law number 8 year 2016 on disabilities person emphasizes that "disability is part of the Indonesian people of equal position, right, obligation and role." The writing use a normative-qualitative juridical approach study method and a qualitative descriptive study method. The reality of fulfilling disability rights remains very limited. People with disability do not have a good level of education and often get a bad stigma from people in general. The implementation of policy has several adverse factors: implementation of policy failed because of the undisclosed nature of policy, the implementation of public policy is very difficult, for example because of communications disruption, the implementation of public policy will be difficult if not enough support, the sharing of potential among the perpetrators involved in implementation

Perceived Stress and its Contributing Factors among a Group of Egyptian Women during COVID-19 Lock-down

Background: The pandemic of corona virus disease [COVID]-19 had its great impacts on global health due to the increasing both morbidity and mortality. In addition, being quarantined is linked with high stress levels, insomnia, irritability and trauma-related disorders particularly in vulnerable populations. Therefore, there is a need to assess accurately and timely the magnitude of psychological health outcomes in those having exposure to COVID-19 pandemic. The Aim: The current work aimed to assess the perceived stress level among a group of Egyptian women and to explore the potential contributing factors for that during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: A cross-sectional survey targeted educated women from different Egyptian governorates, and of different socioeconomic standards. The total sample was 286 women who were recruited by non-probability snowball sampling and through a semi-structured, online questionnaire comprising socio-demographic data, the validated Arabic version of Cohen Perceived Stress Scale 10 [PSS]. Possible contributing factors of the perceived stress due to COVID-19 were also inquired. Results: total females who responded to the questionnaire were 286 with mean age of 46.5± 11.0 years. During the quarantine period, the total score of the perceived stress scale was 17.1±5.37, and both high and moderate levels of stress were recorded among 73.4% of the studied sample. Stress level was significantly influenced by disruptions of social communication with friends and families, getting basic needs for health and safety are unmet then , conflicts between mother and her children represented as a load, being younger women [below 50 years], and feel stressed due to inability for social gatherings. Conclusion: COVID -19 pandemic has its obvious psychological impact on females, and many factors were contributing to such situation, which put the spotlight on the importance of taking these impacts into consideration when designing policies to slow the spread of the pandemic.

Overview of doctrinal and legislative sources on the interpretation of the concept of “bullying”

The relevance of the study is stipulated by the necessity of scientific knowledge at the level of general and theoretical legal science of bullying to increase the effectiveness of counteraction to this negative phenomenon, the separation from other forms of violent behavior. There are two groups of sources covering the understanding of bullying: 1) research in the field of sociology, pedagogy and psychology (is a larger group) 2) research in the field of law (related to the adoption of legislation providing for liability for bullying and based on its legislative definition analysis, which determines the coverage primarily of the administrative and legal aspect of these studies). The first group of sources, based on the peculiarities of understanding bullying, is divided into three subgroups: papers in which bullying is understood as an external social influence, a phenomenon having negative consequences and existing within a particular social group; papers in which bullying is perceived mainly through the emphasis on aggressive behavior, interpreting it as mockery, harassment, violence; papers in which bullying is understood as the interaction of social actors, which has a conflicting nature due to the lack of communication skills. The second group of sources is divided into two subgroups: scientific publications, analyzing the features of bullying, the national courts’ practice concerning interpretation of bullying through the application of Art. 173-4 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses; papers in which the correlation of bullying with other forms of violent behavior is the subject of knowledge, and its features are determined. It is summarized that there is no single approach to understanding bullying in the domestic scientific literature. Analysis of sources, the subject of knowledge of which is bullying, allows us to distinguish its broad and narrow understanding. The latter is reduced to a legislative definition and is inherent mainly in research within legal science. A broad interpretation of bullying, including not only the features defined in the law, but also others, in particular, the negative nature of the consequences, disruption of group communication,interpersonal conflict, which is characterized mainly by psychological, pedagogical and social research of bullying.

Analysis of deauthentication attack in IEEE 802.11 networks and a proposal for its detection

The article issues related to IEEE 802.11 technology are considered, described in detail the vulnerability that allows an attacker to perform a deauthentication attack. Analysis and practical experiments have shown that the existing vulnerability of Wi-Fi technology still remains dangerous to legitimate users, and using it, an attacker can send deauthentication frames, which results in disruption of communication between clients and the access points to which they are connected. For research were used Kali Linux OS, Aircrack-ng tool to launch attacks and Wireshark to capture and analyze IEEE 802.11 frames. Experimental studies allowed to identify anomalies during the attack and based on them, an algorithm for detecting deauthentication attacks was offered. The proposed solution uses a combination of three parameters (reason code, timestmap, RSSI signal strength level), which in our opinion will reduce the frequency of false positives. It is proposed to use the DDA (Detector of Deauthentication Attack), which will scan and analyze wireless traffic, and issue warnings in the event of an attack.