Display Screen Research Articles

Bangsawan Dendam Laksamana' Backdrop: New Breath in Bangsawan Theater Performance

Bangsawan is an art form that combines elements of acting, singing, music and dance. Bangsawan is believed to have been brought to Malaya around the 1870s and adapted from Persian puppet shows in India. The nobility experienced a period of fame in the 1890s and began to experience its downfall in the early 1940s. Bangsawan to this day is still trying to compete with modern theater performances especially in Kuala Lumpur. 'Bangsawan Dendam Laksamana' was staged on 10-13 November 2017 and 2-11 November 2018 at the Kuala Lumpur City Hall Auditorium (DBKL), directed by Pat Ibrahim and published by Pat Ibrahim Project Entertainment. This study looks at the transformation made in the conventions of Bangsawan performances, especially looking at the innovations featured in the curtain background in this traditional theater. The curtain setting is a major form of design in the conventions of Bangsawan theater performances. Bangsawan uses seven types of curtain backgrounds that are used for each scene in his performance. The curtain background is the background of the scene location painted on a canvas measuring 20 feet wide and 15 feet high according to the suitability of the stage and requires a high cost and a long period of time to prepare it. 'Bangsawan Dendam Laksamana' composed the use of curtains from hand-painted fabric to a digital backdrop from an LED screen display. Nevertheless, the retention of the painting image on the curtain background is still done and improved by using digital painting on the LED. This has a modernizing impact in Bangsawan theater. This study discusses the extent to which reforms are made to elevate Bangsawan in trying to compete with contemporary theater today in Malaysia.

BUILDING A CONTROL ALGORITHM FOR AUTOMOTIVE AIRBAG RESPONSE CAPABILITY

The article presents the results of developing a control algorithm for the activation time of the driver-side airbag in cars. The authors used C++ programming language to build the control algorithm. The research results show that when applying this algorithm to the airbag control model, some characteristics can be observed and tested, such as the airbag activation time being compatible with the magnitude of impact force. This implies that the larger the impact force (collision), the faster the airbag activation time will be. When the sensor loses its signal, the system will display an error on the car's display screen. This algorithm can also change the input data settings so that users can adjust the data to improve the airbag's optimal operation.

IoT Band: A Wearable Sensor System to Track Vital Data and Location of Missing or Earthquake Victims

Natural disasters, especially earthquakes, have caused and still cause serious loss of life in our country. Since many of our cities are located on fault lines, earthquake or collapse risks threaten our lives. In this study, a wearable sensor and tracking system has been developed to prevent or minimize the loss of life after a possible earthquake. The presented system consists of a wristband prototype designed to instantly monitor the vital data and location of victims trapped under the rubble. The wristband prototype includes a GPS module, a temperature sensor and a pulse oximeter. While the vital data of the victim is monitored by the temperature sensor and pulse oximeter, the location information of the victim is received via GPS. The data read from these sensors via a controller is transferred to a display screen through a wireless communication module. A computer and a mobile application were developed as the display screen. A Wi-Fi module was preferred for wireless communication. As an alternative to the Wi-Fi module, a GSM module was added to the wristband prototype. Thus, the order and time of rescue interventions for people trapped under the rubble can be determined. The presented work can be used not only for collapse and earthquake victims but also for Alzheimer's patients or people with poor mental development thanks to the GSM module. In this case, the patient's vital data and location will be transmitted to the user's relatives.

Fuzzy and Machine Learning based Multi-Criteria Decision Making for Selecting Electronics Product

In this study, we have considered electronics product as laptop one of the essential items in digital era. The decision-making and buying processes for laptops are time consuming and fraught with competing priorities. Furthermore, machine learning is used to pick and purchase laptops using a variety of strategies. Through a questionnaire that provided them with many choices for the newest features and essential components they desire in their devices, the participants' replies were sought. The participants' responses were elicited from eighteen independent input variables: processor, ram capacity, gpu, graphics card, laptop brand, type of storage, storage size, ports, screen size, backlit keyboard, pc body, category, screen display, weight, webcam, battery life, operating system, and price range. Each of the input variables was quantified using a scale using the terms very low, low, medium, high, and very high. Five input and one output processes were designed using the Mamdani technique, a conventional fuzzy reasoning tool (FLC). To arrive at a more precise knowledge of the procedure for choosing a laptop in accordance with the user's requirements, standard fuzzy systems were employed.

Cable-Driven Haptic Interface With Movable Bases Achieving Maximum Workspace and Isotropic Force Exertion.

Haptic interactions play an essential role in education to enhance learning efficiency; however, haptic information for virtual educational content remains lacking. This paper proposes a planar cable-driven haptic interface with movable bases that can display isotropic force feedback with maximum workspace extension on a commercial screen display. A generalized kinematic and static analysis of the cable-driven mechanism is derived by considering movable pulleys. Based on the analyses, a system including movable bases is designed and controlled to maximize the workspace subject to isotropic force exertion for the target screen area. The proposed system is evaluated experimentally as a haptic interface represented by the workspace, isotropic force-feedback range, bandwidth, Z-width, and user experiment. The results indicate that the proposed system can maximize workspace to the target rectangular area and exert isotropic force up to 94.0% of the theoretical computed one within the workspace.

Release Behavior of Liquid Crystal Monomers from Waste Smartphone Screens: Occurrence, Distribution, and Mechanistic Modeling.

Liquid crystal display (LCD) screens can release many organic pollutants into the indoor environment, including liquid crystal monomers (LCMs), which have been proposed as a novel class of emerging pollutants. Knowing the release pathways and mechanisms of LCMs from various components of LCD screens is important to accurately assess the LCM release and reveal their environmental transport behavior and fate in the ambient environment. A total of 47, 43, and 33 out of 64 target LCMs were detected in three disassembled parts of waste smartphone screens, including the LCM layer (LL), light guide plate (LGP), and screen protector (SP), respectively. Correlation analysis confirmed LL was the source of LCMs detected in LGP and SP. The emission factors of LCMs from waste screen, SP, and LGP parts were estimated as 2.38 × 10-3, 1.36 × 10-3, and 1.02 × 10-3, respectively. A mechanism model was developed to describe the release behaviors of LCMs from waste screens, where three characteristics parameters of released LCMs, including average mass proportion (AP), predicted subcooled vapor pressures (PL), and octanol-air partitioning coefficients (Koa), involving coexistence of absorption and adsorption mechanisms, could control the diffusion-partitioning. The released LCMs in LGP could reach diffusion-partition equilibrium more quickly than those in SP, indicating that LCM release could be mainly governed through SP diffusions.

Ag Nanoparticles Optimized the Optical Properties and Stability of CsPbBrI2 Glass for High Quality Backlight Display

All-inorganic perovskite CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals (NCs) have generated significant attention in the emerging display industry because of their narrow-band emission, high color purity, and facile preparation and processing. By controlling the deposition of Ag nanoparticles in the B–Si–Zn glass matrix, CsPbBrI2 NC glass with significantly enhanced photoluminescence (PL) intensity (about 6.3 times) was successfully prepared, and the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is increased from 12.4% to 36.9%. More meaningfully, the high-performance glass powders were incorporated into polystyrene (PS) films through solution and blending techniques, and the films prepared by the latter had superior color coordinates and environmental stability, particularly the intense blue light stability. Under conditions of 60 °C, 90% relative humidity (RH), and 10 000 nit blue light irradiation for 40 d, the PL intensity decline rate of blended film does not exceed 5%. In addition, the light conversion film based on Ag@CsPbBrI2 glass with CsPbBr3 glass powders exhibits a wide color gamut of 125.2% of the NTSC 1953 standard, which shows richer colors than commercial displays on the liquid crystal display (LCD) screen, further opening the space for the development of the quantum dot film industry.

Assessment of Health Issues and Online Working Ergonomics: A Case Study of the COVID-19 in Pakistan

The current study aims to evaluate and compare human factors and ergonomics during the lockdown of COVID-19 in Pakistan. The current research was done by conducting online surveys, using Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, Jenkin’s Sleep scale, and the COVID-19 Phobia scale. Data analysis was performed statistically by employing Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The sample size considered for the current study was of 421 respondents. The results revealed that various ergonomics and other health issues occurred causing depression, anxiety, insomnia, hypertension, and PTSD. The most affected body parts were the neck (58.42%), shoulders (58.25%), lower back (45.95%), upper back (35.27%), lower legs (19.98%), wrist/hands (19.61%), hips/thighs (18.42%), knees (13.48%), and ankles/feet (8.8%). It has been concluded that an ergonomically designed workstation, adequate illumination, and specific adjustment of the screen of the display screen gadgets with eye level may assist in the prevention of the observed problems. Thereby, this study suggests that exercising and ergonomics can help to control health problems, caused as an effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective Evaluation of Active Interactions between the Operator and Display Screen Equipment Using an Innovative Acquisition System.

The occupational risk of operators using display screen equipment (DSE) is usually evaluated according to the extent of time spent in active operator-DSE interactions. Risk assessment is based on activity data collected through questionnaires. We evaluated an original and innovative system that can objectively assess active operator-DSE interactions by collecting electrical impulses generated by the activation of mouse, keyboard and a camera that collects attentive eye-screen fixation. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the system's performance on an employee sample involved in the task of active reading and copying at a DSE workstation connected to the system. In the context of mandatory health surveillance at work, we enrolled 38 DSE operators with normal neuropsychological and eye assessments who were required to complete two predefined reading and writing tasks. The obtained results show that the system is able to collect activity data derived from operator-DSE interactions through screen fixation, keyboard tapping and mouse handling. In the copying task, the session duration as recorded by the system was highly related to the screen fixation time. In the copying task, mouse and keyboard activities were more strongly related to session duration than screen fixation. For the copying task, it was also possible to obtain individual profiles of operator-DSE interactions while performing the same standardized tasks. Collected data can allow an objective evaluation of active time spent by DSE operators at their workstations, thus allowing a more accurate occupational health risk assessment and management. Prospective analysis of individual operator-DSE interaction profiles can favor the setup of targeted preventive and organizational interventions from an of even wider worker wellbeing perspective.

20‐5: Novel Interactive Mixed Reality System Based on Dual Depth Camera Gesture Recognition for Human‐Computer Interaction

This work presents a novel human‐computer interactive mixed reality (MR) system using two depth cameras to recognize users’ gestures, which are used to make control commands. Moreover, the display screen of the computer is streaming to MR via transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP). By using the proposed system, users can easily interact with computers anywhere without the limitations of the display screen, mouse, and keyboard.

Design and fabrication of an IoT-based smart electrical meter for residential energy management

<p>Transparency in electricity measurement and efficient use of electricity are issues of concern to households. Electricity customers want to have confidence in their utility company's electricity meters installed at their houses. This study designs and constructs an internet of things (IoT)-based smart electric meter to measure electricity and remotely control domestic appliances. This device can monitor, calculate electricity bills and remotely control the appliances via the internet; electrical quantities are displayed in real-time on the Blynk app, liquid crystal display (LCD) screen and Google Sheet. The device is also capable of emailing the electricity user. The proposed system is designed and developed based on ESP32, a LCD, a PZEM 004T, four relays and a DC source. The results show that the device works stably and the device’s error is less than 5%. This research makes it possible for users to conveniently monitor their power consumption while enhancing their energy-saving awareness.</p>

Which Labour Rights Are Fundamental Rights? Horizontal Direct Effect of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

The paper provides a short overview from a labour law perspective of the scope of the European Charter of Fundamental Rights (I.) and the Court of Justice of the European Union’s case law regarding the horizontal direct effect of certain Charter provisions (II.). On this basis, it seeks to assess the practical relevance of the Court’s case law (III.). Finally, it explores how the Court determines the horizontal direct effect of Charter provisions and illustrates that operation by offering a specific example regarding employment relationships (IV.). European Charter of Fundamental Rights, Direct Effect, Horizontal Effect, Annual Paid Leave, Work From Home, Remote Work, Safety and Health, Display Screen Equipment

58‐1: Research on 360 Degree Folding AMOLED Display and Optimization Design of Terminal Product By FEA

Aimed at in‐foldable and out‐foldable mobile phone terminal products on the market, a new 360 ° folding terminal scheme which integrates in & out‐foldable is proposed to realize three application modes: in‐fold portable, out‐fold mobile phone and large screen display. According to the application concept of product, the 360 degree hinge and flexible screen have been developed with U‐shaped out‐fold and water‐drop shaped in‐fold. Based on the finite element method, the mechanical simulation model of flexible screen is established, and the modeling method is programmed which is applied to practical engineering test. Based on Lagrange equation and multi‐body system dynamics theory, a system‐level simulation model of rigid‐flexible coupling of 360‐degree folding terminal is established to solve the complex kinematics and dynamic problems, and to achieve the optimal design of each functional module in the mechanism. Combined with the monomer bending test of the flexible screen, the simulation and test results show good consistency. The screen module pass 360 ° bending for 100000 times which verifies the correctness and universality of the scheme of 360 ° folding mechanism.

Exploratory research on the impact of Mysejahtera application on to the elderly based on user experience

The number of smartphone users in Malaysia is predicted to rise by 1.74 million by 2025, owing to the country’s expanding population. According to Statista (2021), in a survey on smartphone ownership, only 30% of respondents aged 65 and up have a smartphone. However, the researcher shall overview an increasing number of elderly individuals interacting with digital technology during the Covid-19 pandemic. The problem statement has been found in other scholars stating that most people over the age of 60 use mobile phones for minimal purposes, such as calling or SMS in emergencies (Coates. H, 2001). Most complaints are related to displays that are too small and difficult to see, buttons and characters being too small, causing them to push wrong numbers frequently (Hassan. H et al., 2014). Based on previous literature, the problems faced by the elderly using mobile phones are form factors and user interface (UI.) of mobile phone devices such as rubbery buttons, small screen display, small buttons, colors, backlighting, and text characters for viewing (Md Nasir et al.,2008). In this research, the researcher will conduct an exploratory study on the impact of the MySejahtera Application on the elderly. As we know, the elderly have severe difficulty with sight vision and other effects. Thus, the interface design and navigability with the information presented on the screen, and the number of functions, are amongst factors that make smartphone adoption difficult for the elderly. On the other hand, this research aims to determine or discuss UI/UX recommendations focused on elderly users. The outcome of this research will benefit the elderly in Malaysia as a developing country in terms of technological utilization.

Determination of refractive indices of materials in modeling multilayer mirrors

Thin-film coatings for optical elements are widely used in various industries. Antireflection coatings are used in display screens, photodetectors, fiber optic light guides, mirror coatings are used for telescopes, medical equipment, etc. One of the main goals in the production of thin-film coatings is to determine the refractive index and the choice of materials applied to optical products. We present the results of determining the refractive indices of materials used for the manufacture of multilayer mirrors with the desired spectral characteristics. In general, light reflection occurs at the interface between two materials, for example, glass and air. Dielectric films were obtained by high-frequency ion-beam sputtering of the target. It is shown that the refractive index of the SiO2 film must be repeatedly corrected to minimize systematic errors. The results obtained can be used in the production of high-precision optical systems for various industries, especially medicine, space instrumentation, aviation and others.

Assessing goal-directed behavior in virtual reality with the neuropsychological task EPELI: children prefer head-mounted display but flat screen provides a viable performance measure for remote testing

Background and objective: EPELI (Executive Performance of Everyday LIving) is a Virtual Reality (VR) task that was developed to study goal-directed behavior in everyday life contexts in children. In this study, we had 72 typically developing 9- to 13-year-old children to play EPELI with an immersive version implemented with a head-mounted display (HMD) and a non-immersive version employing a flat screen display (FSD) in a counterbalanced order to see if the two versions yield similar results. The children’s everyday executive functions were assessed with the parent-rated Behavior Rating Inventory for Executive Functions (BRIEF) questionnaire. To assess the applicability of EPELI for online testing, half of the flat screen display version gameplays were conducted remotely and the rest in the laboratory.Results: All EPELI performance measures were correlated across the versions. The children’s performance was mostly similar in the two versions, but small effects reflecting higher performance in FSD-EPELI were found in the measures of Total score, Task efficacy, and Time-based prospective memory score. The children engaged in more active time monitoring in FSD-EPELI. While the children evaluated the feeling of presence and usability of both versions favorably, most children preferred HMD-EPELI, and evaluated its environment to be more involving and realistic. Both versions showed only negligible problems with the interface quality. No differences in task performance or subjective evaluations were found between the home-based and laboratory-based assessments of FSD-EPELI. In both EPELI versions, the efficacy measures were correlated with BRIEF on the first assessment, but not on the second. This raises questions about the stability of the associations reported between executive function tasks and questionnaires.Conclusions: Both the HMD and FSD versions of EPELI are viable tools for the naturalistic assessment of goal-directed behavior in children. While the HMD version provides a more immersive user experience and naturalistic movement tracking, the FSD version can maximize scalability, reachability, and cost efficacy, as it can be used with common hardware and remotely. Taken together, the findings highlight similarities between the HMD and FSD versions of a cognitively complex VR task, but also underline the specific advantages of these common presentation modes.

Multimedia display of wushu intangible cultural heritage based on interactive system and artificial intelligence

With the rapid development of the information age, various forms of digitalization have facilitated people’s various lives, but digitalization has also brought crisis to people. The most obvious is that in the digital era, the original living environment of intangible cultural heritage of martial arts and its traditional development and protection mode have become less and less compatible with the digital era. Therefore, its development is currently facing difficulties, even endangered problems. Based on this phenomenon, this paper combines artificial intelligence technology and interactive system to establish an intelligent multimedia display interactive system for intangible cultural heritage of martial arts. In this system, the martial artist's moving image can be captured by the action image acquisition device, and the collected image sequence can be calculated and analyzed. The system host “remembers” the martial artist’s action. The main functions of the system, such as random flow, click and zoom, multi-point movement and printing, are all in the charge of the picture control module; Video playback, full screen display and ring button control functions are mainly completed by the video control module. The experimental results show that the task time of using interactive system to locate visual objects with massive information in icon materials is significantly faster than that of using no interactive highlighting system. Therefore, we can preliminarily determine that the interactive system can improve the performance of target positioning in massive information. In this paper, the interactive system and artificial intelligence technology are applied to the intangible cultural heritage of martial arts, which has played a role in promoting its development.

Augmented Reality Improves Learning Curve of Endovascular Navigation

Intra-Operative Positioning System (IOPS) (Centerline Biomedical, Cleveland, OH) is a 3D electromagnetic (EM) endovascular navigation system approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and developed as an adjunct to fluoroscopy. It provides real-time 3D display of sensorized material on an anatomical map on a flat screen. An investigational prototype based on IOPS incorporates the ability to map implanted stent grafts and visualize the stents and anatomy using augmented reality headset. The aim of this study was to compare the completion of bifurcated stent graft gate cannulation performed by participants of varying experience using fluoroscopy or different variations of IOPS. The task was cannulation of the gate of a bifurcated aortic endograft deployed into a 3D printed abdominal aortic aneurysm model connected to flow pump reproducing physiological conditions, performed in a hybrid operating room (GE Allia IGS 7). Each participant performed the tasks with fluoroscopy, EM guidance with flat screen display (EM-FS), and EM guidance with augmented reality headset (EM-AR) (Fig 1), in randomized order. All participants used the same sensorized guidewire and steerable sensorized 6F catheter for the three runs. Participants were classified in three groups of experience. Primary end points included cannulation time and technical success, defined as the advancement of the catheter over the guidewire within the graft main body. Fifteen minutes was the cutoff time for each trial. There were 26 participants including 13 endovascular naïve trainees (group 1), 12 in training surgeons (group 2) and one advanced level vascular surgeon. In group 1, mean cannulation time was lower using EM-AR versus fluoroscopy (4.3 ± 4.4 vs 7.1 ± 4.9 minutes; P = .04), with no difference between EM-FS and fluoroscopy (6.3 ± 4.5 vs 7.1 ± 4.9 minutes; P = .63). In group 1, technical success was 77% with fluoroscopy and 92% with both EM modalities (P = .59). In group 2, there was a trend toward shorter times with EM-FS or EM-AR as compared to fluoroscopy (mean of 2.5 ± 0.9, 4.4 ± 4.0 and 5.2 ± 4.5 minutes, respectively). In group 2, technical success was 92% with fluoroscopy and 100% with IOPS (P > .99). The advanced level vascular surgeon repeated the cannulation task four times for each endovascular approach, with 100% technical success and no difference in mean time (P = .89) (Fig 2). Augmented reality allows for reducing the gate cannulation time as compared to fluoroscopy in participants with no previous experience in endovascular navigation. This auspicious finding suggests that augmented reality can be beneficial for individuals early in their career and can mitigate the learning curve.Fig 2Mean cannulation times of bifurcated stent graft gate cannulation using electromagnetic (EM) guidance with flat screen display or augmented reality compared to fluoroscopy, performed by operators of varying experience.View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)

Determination of the affinity constants for phage display albumin-binding peptides.

Phage display technology has been established as a powerful screening approach to select ligands or peptides for binding to proteins. Despite rapid growth in the field, there has been a relative dearth of quantitative criteria to measure the effectiveness of the process of phage display screening. Since human serum albumin (HSA) has been extensively studied as a drug carrier to extend the plasma half-life of protein therapeutics, the use of phage display technology is required for identifying albumin-binding peptides as the very promising strategy of albumin-binding against albumin fusion. The construction of albumin-binding drug requires the assessment of a large quantity of HSA-binding peptide (HSA binder) candidates for conjugation with therapeutic proteins. The use of the linear epitope mapping method has allowed researchers to discover many HSA-binding peptides. However, it may be inefficient to select these peptides based on sequence identity via randomly sequencing individual phage clones from enrichment pools. Here, a simple assessment method to facilitate phage display selection of HSA-binding peptides was recommended. With experimentally determined phage titer, one can calculate the specificity ratios, the recovery yields and the relative dissociation constants, which are defined as quantitative criteria for panning and characterization of the binding phage fused peptides. Consequently, this approach may not only enable more rapid and low-cost phage display screening, but also efficiently reduce pseudo-positive phages selected as HSA binders for conjugation with therapeutic proteins.

Real-time imaging as visual biofeedback in active second stage of labor among nulliparas: a randomized controlled trial

A prolonged second stage of labor increases the risk of severe perineal laceration, postpartum hemorrhage, operative delivery, and poor Apgar score. The second stage is longer in nulliparas. Maternal pushing during the second stage of labor is an important contributor to the involuntary expulsive force developed by uterine contraction to deliver the fetus. Preliminary data indicate that visual biofeedback during the active second stage hastens birth. This study aimed to evaluate if visual feedback focusing on the perineum reduced the length of the active second stage of labor in comparison with the control. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the University Malaya Medical Centre from December 2021 to August 2022. Nulliparous women about to commence the active second stage, at term, with singleton gestation, reassuring fetal status, and no contraindication for vaginal delivery were randomized to live viewing of the maternal introitus (intervention) or maternal face (sham/placebo control) as visual biofeedback during their pushing. A video camera Bluetooth-linked to a tablet computer display screen was used; in the intervention arm, the camera was focused on the introitus, and in the control arm, on the maternal face. Participants were instructed to watch the display screen during their pushing. The primary outcomes were the intervention-to-delivery interval and maternal satisfaction with the pushing experience assessed using a 0-to-10 visual numerical rating scale. Secondary outcomes included mode of delivery, perineal injury, delivery blood loss, birthweight, umbilical cord arterial blood pH and base excess at birth, Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. Data were analyzed with the t test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and Fisher exact test, as appropriate. A total of 230 women were randomized (115 to intervention and 115 to control arm). The active second stage duration (intervention-to-delivery interval) was a median (interquartile range) of 16 (11-23) and 17 (12-31) minutes (P=.289), and maternal satisfaction with the pushing experience was 9 (8-10) and 7 (6-7) (P<.001) for the intervention and control arm, respectively. Women randomized to the intervention arm were more likely to agree to recommend their management to a friend (88/115 [76.5%] vs 39/115 [33.9%]; relative risk, 2.26 [95% confidence interval, 1.72-2.97]; P<.001) and more likely to have less severe perineal injury (P=.018). Real-time viewing of the maternal introitus as visual biofeedback during pushing resulted in higher maternal satisfaction compared with the sham control of viewing the maternal face; however, the time to delivery was not significantly shortened.